When Yom Kippur Falls on Shabbat: The Symbiosis of Shabbat and Yom Kippur by Rabbi Baruch Taub

good evening everybody can you hear me yes okay okay um this is uh the 20th day of el September 23rd at 7 o'clock at night and I think we are all aware of what's happening right now and I think that's why a lot of people are not even at the Shar tonight uh the uh rashash yam Kipper really teach us at the bottom line of rasham kipper is that everything is on the line I think in advance of rash Kipper we feel it right now if we don't need at this moment rash to tell us that everything is on the line andam should should do what we know he will do and I think that the best thing we can do is learn a little Torah so let's begin this is um chuaa which I'm going to share with you um it it it's going to be given uh on shabash shua actually in Johannesburg I won't be here for a few weeks but I figured I had finished it so I figured we would we would share it now it's a worthwhile message and uh hopefully it will give us some uh strength particularly right now so the title is the symbiosis of of shabas and Yumer now what does that mean this is um y this is the year that yum Kipper falls out on chabas now is that just a calendric reference it's the calendar it happens to be or is it a um some other dimension some special Dimension that yum Kipper has because of the presence of chabas coming together with yum Kipper does that add something to Kipper and if it does why if there's something special about it why can't we have the appreciation of that on a regular regular Kipper so that's what we're going to talk about so let's begin number one on the sheet has two classic with reference to this is the day that we atone we're given a day of atonement forgiveness from all of our sins taru we can purify ourselves that's the CL that first p is the the classic yum Kipper it's about kapara it is uh serious it's somber our lives are in the balance and it's also cleansing the second PK here the second PK the very next PK in the paraa of Yung Kipper um really presents two remarkable nuances two remarkable Kim says like this shab Y is not y shabb it's the shabas of shabas it's the mega Shabbat and we will the translation we have here is practice self denial okay I'm not I'm not crazy about that but I think that this is not about the body even though we know that the the five uh the five practices of self of denial are physical right not eating not drinking Etc but but really what the what the the PK is saying what the Torah is saying is it's not simply physical it's the word is you know there's a similar word the word of anav has the same root humility Ling right there's a a certain uh moment of addressing the Nish on Yumer that it's not simply that we go into a kind of physical self-denial but it's a kind of or using our it's it's an uplifting moment potentially right It's A Soulful uh kind of a Clarity right so clearly a second dimension these are two Dimensions Shabbat shabbaton it's the shabas of shabos it's the mega shabas of Yumer and yet it's also inish it's also a kind of clarification self-denial a humili a humbling moment of self-denial number two right so shabas yum is a shabas it's the shab right number two is the rambam the rambam refers to the laws of yum Kipper as what right the laws of the shabas of the 10th of Tish now this is very strange all the other praim in the ram the chapters in the r that deal with the 63 Mitzvah it's much more precise you know he'll lul he'll C Schauer the laws of lul the laws of Schauer laws of he doesn't really he doesn't say the laws of yipper he says the laws of the chabas of the 10th of Tish so something is going on here there is an emphasis on chabas in general with yum Kipper let's look at one of the primary uh expressions of yum Kipper and that is fasting so look at three and four three and four are the laws of regular fasting in times of need uh M there's an obligation when when the seore the community the collective of of the Jewish people is suffering we fast and we d right and we D to the in the hope of being forgiven right a little bit like like yum ker the whole SE war is together it's it's an individual thing for ourselves our lies are in the bound but look at number four this is the ra this the next these public fasts for torus for uh for for salvation are not allowed to be conducted on chabas and Y what's going on this is this year it's chabas and yum Kipper so why is there what what's the difference between the fast on yum Kipper and the fasting all year for various sorus and challenges that we have both spiritual and physical there's a world of difference listen to the rambam again there seems to be an obsession with the word Shabbat there's positive Mitzvah this is to keep from eating it's a shab from eating again because this has to do with our NE our our Persona not just physically not just physical fasting right so there's a again again a kind of obsession with the word shab is in dealing with with um with Y Kus there clearly another dimension here going on sh is in fact there's a major difference between fasting let's say R salant the founder of the mus movement I believe was the one who said that there's a dramatic difference between fasting on rash oner and fasting on T and he said on in Yiddish it goes a lot better in yish but I'll say it in English in y he says anti who who can fast how can we fast with all the Tas that are happening theik reminding ourselves the oner who wants to fast our lives are the who wants to fast we're not thinking about fasting right let me take it a step further look at number six number six on the next page is the commentary of the and he asks an interesting question what do you do when Yumer comes on chabas or even yum k but you have falls on chabas so you have to make Kish um you have to make Kish on chabas so what happens if someone he writes here what happens if someone is sick a and he has to eat so does he make Kish or does he not make Kish what does he do so this is uh you know we have we have other situations like this we have situations where there there are conflicting conflicting moments in let's say uh the first Sader of PES um shabas right when you have the first s night is M Shabbat right so there are all kinds of conflicting things what to do when the tenth of Tav comes out on a Friday so um there's a collision of conflicting conditions right and we have to we have to navigate we have to navigate these and and and and untangle the distinctions and decide what to do so we make decisions but the the um the the the is telling us a tremendous Kish here this is not about conflicting a collision of conflicting conditions he tells us you know what you do the Mitzvah of fasting he says here the mtic the mitzah of K on yipper is a not eating the shabus of not eating that is the Kish of yipper so it's the Kish of yum Kipper and it's the Kish of shabas that falls on yum Kipper so the Kish of the is Right normally if we were not sick on we should all be healthy we have to keep make Kish making of Kish on on yum ker is by by not eating that's the kiddish right so here when it happens to be that we have to we have to eat we don't make the regular Kish this is not a collision he tells us of conflicting conditions the same Kish of not eating where yot Kish even the person who's ill is yot Kish he may not be yot the Kish because he has to eat but there's no substitute for it there's no conflict here it's a it's a one it's one and the same one enables the it's more than blending one enables the other and one emboldens the other yum Kipper and shabas come together it's the same Kish it's the shabus of not eating that's the Kish right so in other words it's a kind of symbiotic relationship between chabas and yum Kipper if you'll forgive me saying it perhaps a marriage that might sound strange right now but as we move along that poetic reference of chabas and yum Kipper being a marriage and might might make a little more sense in a little while let me talk spend a moment or two on one or two or three three shabus shabas ideas that might help us to determine what the this this idea this second dimension of yum Kipper is when chabas is added to Yum Kipper so look at number seven number seven is a gor chabas this is quite an extraordinary gor the Rabbi says listen to this anyone who keeps shabas properly according toos even if he worshiped it was an idol worshipper before shabas like the generation of Enos the great generation of idol worship in the world M he's forgiven you hear this yipper there are four degrees of of forgiveness on Yer four different degrees there are some some of that we're forgiven immediately others it's chuva andur chuva and suffering others we not are not forgiven until we die it's Misa it's death together with ar Chua That Forgives us right and here yet we say the gamor says that if someone is sh Shabbat properly he is Forgiven of all of his sins even of the worst sins this is clearly something of shabas that adds to the drama of yum Kipper let's go to the next let's go to the next let's go to eight nine and and 10 is there a Mitzvah of there mitvah Shas well technically speaking there's not there's a Mitzvah on on there's a Mitzvah one of the 613 Mitzvah to be but there's a discussion of this if you look for example in eight this is the c the is there have been a commentary on and he says the rabbis in the are busy daring a the days of your that's the Regal but the the the phase says the days of your sim that's shabas now these are Tano we're dealing with right authors of the mishna but that's what they're saying but then you have number nine this is the Shon this is theim already and here basically what he's saying at number nine what is the dramatic difference between shabas and Y I'll tell you on chabas there's no mitz on mitz how do we see that with the shiv when someone sit shiv shabas y ends the Shiva if yum comes it ends the Shiva because yum contradicts Shiva and therefore there's no more Y shabas is not about Sim shabas continues on Shiva it's not contradictory to so clearly clearly we see really the bottom line is there's no real Mitzvah of sim but but there's a concept of sim shabas look at 10 this is the the writes on his commentary on the on this number nine on the shilas um the am we're familiar with the we've seen it many times in our but he says like this even though it's true there's only concept of on of on on Shabbat not sim what the difference is between and Sim we'll maybe see for in a minute or two but there's no Mi of sim right there's a concept in it CE say of here again the word Creeps in that on yipper we have to somehow do on afflict our it's all about the there's a kind of sim to the Nish so by the way PS what what does the naive do with the the the shilas not the shus the the C which says dark talking about so the has a different gear by the way he says that's that's that's so that settles that but there is a concept of now let me tell you something makes a lot of sense to us because how do you say there's no sim shavis let's look for quck this is not on the sheet but I just wantan to I W to give you a litany here of Theus that we sing on shabas and Theus were written by Rishon by the early rabbis in the kadmon let me just give you a quick rundown of some of the some of some of our favorite right it's all about simat mosus who wrote mades that's the first of theas Friday night as a commandment he writes you have to we have to be also some of you like that so some say that's from the AR right also we say actually writes in the seari the writes that is so here you have it some kind of a as the describes it but it's not really a m sh but there is a concept of sim so it remains for us to flush out what is essentially the the Sim of chabas the Sim of chabas right we're getting closer we've got in the right the r calls it's the fast is is fasting the shabas fasting of right and then we have the of the so before we get to a kind of uh explosion of the definition of what s really is on shabas let me let me do something else with you if you look at number 11 number 12 and number 13 11 at the bottom there are two reasons why we keep shabas right two reason why we according to the Torah right the first is in right in the two in the two Ten Commandments two right because rested onas he created the world he created with shabas was part of mes and he rested kab rested we rest on shabas too what's the second reason for keeping shabas we all know it say right look at 12 this is the second right remember that you were an EV a servant God was took us out who was Ro two with a strong hand Al therefore because of now what is that me really what what's the answer they have an answer to that why is a reason for us to keep shabas right so what I'm I'm giving you now is really um a synthesis coming together from a Amaral in the saer fer which I didn't put on the sheet in per and a MIM from R hutner where he brings this this moral to to explain it's based on a medish in number 13 the says to God every day of the week has a Ben has a partner has a Sunday is Monday Tuesday is Wednesday Thursday is Friday right I don't have a partner right that's what that's Shabbat said so said you know what is is your partner is B is what saying so listen listen to a beautiful thought from hoodner that what happened what was it was The Birth of a Nation Israel became is the Jewish people came out of MIT MIT was the birth of am Israel the coming together the marriage if you will of Shabbat and Ben Israel that's MIT and Shabbat coming together that's the zoo the medish calls it a zoo he was looking for a zook shabas was looking for a zuk now nothing get carried away with the fact that this is a kind of a a story I don't know that this really happened that chabas came to the Rabon and said this in fact we have there's a very important difference of opinion between the marsh and the maral how we look at the AG portion of the gamar the marsh says it's literal so this story this conversation actually took place between shabason according toal this this conversation didn't take place it's a kind of a metaphor it's kind of a a a mush a nimel it's a way for us to understand this relationship of chabas and and uh and B Israel that we became married shabas became married to Amel it's part and parcel that's our Zoo it's our it's our relationship right okay let's move on so that's uh let's go to 14 okay so 14 okay um this is this is taking the marriage one step further this rabbi would wrap himself in his Talis Friday night and he'd say right the queen then another Rabbi came and he said what did he say said kala shabus is called the kala right we've just describe that chabas is the color of B Isel but it's even more than that we'll see soon so what does it what does this mean what does all this mean um you know the great writers of the Jewish people tell us in one way or another that the six days of the week are viewed through the prism of what we do shabas is viewed through the prism of who we are right and in a certain sense it's true think back to the to theal how it was in theal um I I saw many years ago a drer from R salic I'm not sure if I have the facts right but the had some story is is true that as he was a child growing up in brisk there was a who was um he was a troger he was a schlepper he was schlepping things all day he wore Rags all week but when he came to shabas he once went into the the and he saw this Jew and he was dressed in his kidish finery and he looked like a Mal and he was the B he Shak he mus right so but it's more than that it's deeper than that it's not just that six days of the week we see the world through the prism of what we are do and and on chabas it's we see through through the prism of of who we are right it's more than that shabas is not simply the vehicle of our identity shabas is our identity we are shabas Jews and let me tell you that shabas is our identity I'm going to tell you Hally there's a concept in in Hal called if you want to eat in someone's house can I eat there can I not eat there do they what what what's the bottom line are they sh Shabbat this is if someone is sh Shabbat you can eat by them you can trust their kasas Shabbat is is NE it's not just a vehicle by which we we find our identity is it is our it is our identity okay let's take this a step further let's go to number 14 this is chabas right let's let's get deeper into this relationship between chabas and B Israel right uh we did 14 15 15 or actually let's do 16 before 15 number 16 I'm there are no greater in this world days of of rejoicing in our calendar and one of the days is y why two reasons because we have forgiveness of our sins and it's also it's the day upon which the the the Torah we live by was given the second tablets were given on young Kipper right so now let's let's pause for a minute and let's let's understand this right many people think by mistake that the second dimension of yam KRA the First Dimension is kapar it's forgiveness solity of the day but the second dimension is it was Kabal Torah that we received the Torah it's not sufficient now let's look at 15 right if I can find it here we are this is a reference to Young Kipper what is the day of our wedding your now this is talking about yipper yipper is it's the day where Shabbat and married so to speak yipper is called y so here we are we're getting much closer here second dimension of chabas of yipper is M Tor no the second dimension of Yumi which is the chabas dimension when chabas Isel become Zim become married married to AES right the Torah that's that's it's not true that that's the the second dimension of Yumer the Torah was the Cuba the Torah was the marriage contract it was theba of the marriage of B chab to right so what's the Sim now what is the Sim of chabas and yum Kipper The Sim of chabas and how does it doveet tale with yum Kipper look at number 177 this is a quite a familiar medish some of you might be familiar with it it's a great moment from baresi kind of a Biblical sidelight of baresi what happened here Ken just killed his brother what happened little while later he comes out for a meeting where did he come out fromen came out right he just killed his brother who was being judged how did he come up his father ran into him and he said to him how was your day in court I did CH and made a deal with me I was forgiven he smacked his forehead right why didn't I realize this this is the the power of CH and I didn't know about it so what didan say what do you think he would say right right NOAB this is the for the day of chabas this was authored by was forgotten and it was given back it was given back to us by it is good to praise God what is going on here first of all what is the next what is the connection what is the connection of a simple more simple question what's the connection of M shabas to chabas we say it three times on chabas what does it have to do with shabas right what does it have to do with shabas right but SE second question is why didn't this event take place on yum Kipper why did it take place on shabas and how does m shabas reveal the answer to these questions right so if you look at number 18 one of the last it is good to praise God so look at number 19 this is the prologue of the the great renberg was thein of the the and in what he writes it's really based on a many it's a also be it is good to praise God to sing to God but it's also good to do Chua to do Vu to confess to God there are two Dimensions God gives us this gift this gift and with this GI he gives us the gift and he forgives us with this gift right here you have here you have what's going on here why shabus why not yum Kipper what's the relationship between Shabbat and Shabbat shabbaton between every regular 52 shabbatot of the year and the mega shabas of yum you know what it is Shabbat shabbaton is our destination the shabas of shabas it's like SP right we count every day every chabas of the year is the journey on yipper that falls on shabas the journey meets the destination if we see ourselves look Ken what what happened what did what did Rabon do here the Rabon did something extraordinary he elegantly separated man from his actions cayen was forgiven yes Cayenne murdered someone but Cayenne was no longer a murderer because Ken recognized not it was not about chuva is not about what I did it's about who I I am yes he murdered somebody but he's no longer a murderer and the purpose of chabas this m is telling us and everything we said until now is telling us the purpose of shabas is to see ourselves as who we are not by what we do and if on every shabas of the year we see ourselves as who we are and take advantage like the gamor said if we do on shab is what we're supposed to do if we see ourselves but we put away the the iPhone not that we change it's about what we do and what we don't do but this is who I am this is who I am you know what this is about this journey in this destination you know you're celebrating a bar mitzvah or a wedding of a grandson or a great-grandson so you sit there at the P at the and you think back to your your bar mitzvah to your wedding and to your son's wedding and to his son's wedding and his son's B mitah now you're sit it's the journey we reach the journey by by taking in everything from the journey and it comes together we reach that destination every shabas if we see ourselves if we see ourselves of by who we are on every chabas then the Rabon on on Shabbat shabbaton the Rabon will see ourselves the same way we see us if we see ourselves that way in the journey and the journey comes together with the destination if we have seen ourselves by who we are not by what we did right I yell at a child that parent loses his temper and he yells at the child and he and he does the wrong thing with the child and then he cools down and a couple of hours later he comes to son listen it wasn't me that's not who I am that's not who I am that's what I did right if we come to the Rabon and say this is not who I am this is what I did but this is who I really am then Rabon will see us that way also he will forgive us now we know you know U last year last year we said and we never imagined a few days later the the extent we never would have imagined what that meant we never would have imagined we never imagined the two Wars that the Jewish people are still fighting right now the war the war that is that Med Israel that Israel is fighting the nations of the world and the war against the Jews anti-Semitism not I'm not but we we know one thing one thing we see what's happening right I'm not going to tell you why it's happening right only a fool can get up I'm not from those people who get up and tell you this is why it's happening and this is the Silver Lining that's that's for fools right we we we cannot speak with confidence on the reason why what why are what sins caused the cause and effect right but one thing we do know we do know what's happened assimilated Jews uh it's been a wakeup call it's it's brought together and it's brought together Jewish people particularly here in Israel before October 7th in Israel Jews talked about what divided us today there's more discussion about what unites us no it's true there are detractors there are some terrible detractors about this but that ultimate there's been a coming together of the secular world and the the CL world and the diti world has been coming together we've all heard we all know the stories about how many people are putting on seat seat how many people are keeping Shabbat how many people are coming closer right embracing each other right we don't understand we do not understand the level of assimilation in America but today I want to tell you that the attendance at Hillel Friday night sud shabas meal has tripled on University campuses forget everything else you hear about University campus but you you have to understand what that means we don't understand the assimilation of of American Jewelry it's not what we think it was what we knew it was it's not hter Street these young people never saw grandmother light shabas candles on a Friday night right yet but they're seeking now again I'm not I'm not saying this is the reason why it happened why it's happening I'm not saying this is the Silver Lining but the fact is it's happening and the more the more we assert our identity on whatever level we are right whether it's the assimilated Jewish college student or whether it's the Kay kadosh the holy Soldier who's fighting for our lives at this very moment right who knows he knows and he understands what his identity is if the more we discover the more we determine the more we defend Who We Are will forgive us for everything we did it's no coincidence we know one thing it's no coincidence that the Y Kipper following this past 10 11 12 months iser because the journey and the destination has come together we should take the journey take the journey come to the destination and discover who we are and present ourselves to Theon Shalom and those are the two Dimensions it's about kapar going back to number one on our sheet it's about forgiveness and it is Solemn it's serious it's a life is in the balance and we come to but there's also a Sim the Sim of chuva the Sim of this process that we know that he gives us this process he gives us the process to do it but he gives us the process and if we do it properly he not only gives it to us but he forgives us with his process so Yumi is not only the solity of kapar of atonement but it's also the Sim of Shabbat shabat of the the on of of Shabbat we should all have