Transcript
Auto-generated transcript. Not time-synced to the video.
I don't think Tucker is a good faith
actor cuz Ben Shapiro happens to have a
view of Christianity that's very
I mean he he I don't know of a single
Jew in the world [music] that encourages
Christians to be more committed to the
Christian faith than Ben Shapiro. If
anybody knows of another candidate, it's
he's the worst possible person. So, I
don't think that Tucker is acting
[music] in good faith here. I think what
Tucker is trying to do is identify the
Noachide laws as some sort of rabbinic
concoction. It's not. It's all clearly
in the Bible.
>> I want to welcome back to the show Rabbi
Tovia Singer, one of the world's leading
experts on Judaism, Christianity, the
Bible, and the New Testament. Now, a
major religious controversy has erupted
after Ben Shapiro discussed the seven
Noachide laws, which Judaism teaches are
universal moral principles for all of
humanity. Now, Tucker Carlson responded
by raising the alarming suggestion that
these laws could somehow be used to
justify violence against Christians.
Shapiro strongly rejected that
interpretation. Let's get to the bottom
of the seven Noachide laws today. Rabbi
Singer, welcome back to the show.
>> Wonderful to join you.
>> Rabbi Singer, what exactly are the seven
Noachide laws? Where do they originate?
And is there any basis in Jewish law or
tradition for the claim that that that
that could justify violence against
Christians or other people around the
world?
>> Right. So, the seven Noachide laws are
pre-Sinatic laws, meaning commandments
that are in the Bible. Every Christian
on this planet believes that the book of
Genesis is the word of God.
So, in the in scripture, we find the law
against murder as an example. Uh Cain
was held accountable for killing his
brother. If there were no Noachide laws,
then that term is an anachronism. What
it means simply are those commandments
that are given before Mount Sinai. So
murder would be one of them. We are
introduced as an example of
Genesis chapter 6, the flood. If as
these people scream is there no Noahide
laws or the rabbis invented it, then
what exactly did the generation in the
year 1656 after creation, what did they
do wrong? We're we're told that they
committed sexual immorality, powerful
men raping weak women, they are engaging
in violence and robbery. Explicitly,
what is wrong with these with that
behavior if there were no
pre-synatic laws?
We find as an example in Genesis 18, God
tells Abraham, now again, I want to make
this clear for those who don't know
this,
all of our Christian friends believe
that the Torah is the word of God. They
believe this is historical.
God tells Abraham he's going to destroy
Sodom for a number of sins.
Well, what exactly did they wrong do
wrong? And moreover, if what these
people are criticizing Noahide laws as
though rabbis invented that, then what
exactly did Abraham mean when he said to
God, but perhaps there are a 50
righteous people in the city. Well, what
would have been the standard upon which
Abraham was pointing to
that they would have been righteous or
wicked. So it's very clear that there
are commandments that are given at law
sexual immorality
that are all forbidden and that are
given before the Torah is given. Now, I
just want for people to understand that
in the Torah there are there are seven
not laws but seven categories of laws.
There are a whole bunch of people that
are forbidden to enter relationships. So
therefore, uh eating from an animal
while still alive, Genesis chapter 9.
So, these are the Noahide laws. I want
to address the point about uh putting
being put to death for murder.
You know, these laws don't uniquely
apply to Jews or to Christians. Everyone
is forbidden to engage in in to to um
to commit murder. Uh idolatry is
forbidden to everyone. But, I want to
hone in on the sharper point that you're
raising.
As it turns out, as I just said, these
laws applies to apply to both Jews and
non-Jews.
Yet, despite this, there's not a single
case
in history in which a Jewish court ever
um
ever uh uh uh
killed anyone, put anyone to death who
was not Jewish for
violating the seven Noahide laws.
That cannot be said of Christians. There
are a wide range of examples of
Christians that were put to death by the
church. Both Protestants and Catholics
have executed people like Michael
Servetus in Geneva and many others who
just didn't believe in the doctrine of
the Trinity. So, we have no history of
either in our sources or anybody's
sources that a Jewish court has ever
executed any Christian or anybody from
another faith. Uh but, that cannot be
said of Christians. So, this is a
a hollow claim.
>> Let's go through the seven Noahide laws
in order, let's say. Uh do not worship
idols, do not blaspheme God, do not
murder, do not steal, do not commit
forbidden sexual relations, do not eat
flesh taken from a living animal,
preventing cruelty to the animals, and
establish courts of justice. Let's go
back to Tucker Carlson. What is he so
upset about? Does he feel it's a threat
to Christianity?
Does it somehow threaten the existence
of Christianity? You once mentioned to
me in a conversation, perhaps these
seven Noahide Laws appear also in the
New Testament. What's the source for
that? And why are they not a threat to
the Christian world?
>> Right. As it turns out, Tucker, it's
really not a good combination
when you're illiterate about your own
Bible and you really have an unfavorable
view of Jews. That's a terrible con-
That's a terrible
cross right there between the two of
them. Tucker is not familiar with his
own Bible. Acts chapter 15 outlines the
seven Noahide Laws explicitly. I want to
provide for the viewers the context of
Acts 15. It's in a council that gathers
in Jerusalem. Peter's there, Paul's
there, James are there. Purportedly
there, that's how the text goes. The
question, the context is that non-Jews
who want to become Christians. Now, that
word Christian is not used, but we'll
use it cuz it's conventional. Do you
have to convert to Judaism in order to
be a Christian? This is the very early
uh church. So, what emerges is that
non-Jews who want to become Christians,
they don't have to convert to Judaism or
they don't have to get circumcised,
but rather they have to keep these seven
laws. And you just look at Acts chapter
15, it's right there. For example,
there's a prohibition there about
eating the flesh of an animal that was
offered to
that was offered to idols, an animal
that was strangled and tortured in its
suffering, the prohibition of immoral
sexual behavior,
thievery, murder. So, it's in the book
of Acts. Means Acts list them. Now, I
know what people might be saying, "But I
never heard of the word Noahide Law."
And that is true. Means the word is an
anachronism. And what it means is given
that Noah, we're told in Genesis 6, was
righteous. So, people who are disciples
of Noah, followers of Noah,
the people who would have wound up on
the on that ship, these are the people
who are following these
pre-Sinaitic laws before the Torah was
given to Mount Sinai. So, they were in
the Christian Bible, and really
it doesn't puzzle me because
what Tucker is doing is he's marshalling
texts in order to attack Judaism, but
it's right in his Christian Bible, and
it's right in the Torah, which all
Christians believe is the word of God.
>> But isn't it possible, I don't know,
you're not Tucker Carlson, of course,
but isn't it possible that
when Ben Shapiro quotes the importance
of the Noahide laws, it's a type of like
universal system?
And Tucker Carlson's trying to say,
well, Christianity is this universal
system greater than Judaism. So, then
comes along Ben Shapiro says, no, wait a
second, there's even a greater universal
system. I don't Trying to get into his
head. I don't really spend much time I
don't waste a lot of time in Tucker
Carlson's brain. I'm just wondering, is
that what he thinks is threatening to
him?
>> I I don't think Tucker is a good faith
actor because Ben Shapiro happens to
have a view of Christianity that's very
I mean, he he I don't know of a single
Jew in the world that encourages
Christians to be more committed to the
Christian faith than Ben Shapiro. If
anybody knows of another candidate, it's
he's the worst possible person. So, I
don't think that Tucker is acting in
good faith here. I think what Tucker's
trying to do is identify the Noahide
laws as some sort of a rabbinic
concoction. It's not, it's all clearly
in the Bible. However, one point I want
to make, that is all the rabbis did was
codify what's already there. As an
example, if if you would ask me to go to
the supermarket to pick up foods that
are that are healthy, that are good for
a diet of weight loss as an example. So,
I made a list of broccoli and I don't
know what
cucumbers, whatever it is that will be
on the list, and milk, whatever it is. I
didn't invent broccoli. I didn't invent
beans. I didn't invent water and milk. I
just simply made a list of these are the
foods that are healthy. All the rabbis
have done, which they did, is they
simply created a shopping list. But a
shop when you create a shopping list,
you organize what's in the Bible. You're
not inventing the prohibition against
murder, idolatry, uh against kidnapping,
against sexual They're not inventing it.
They're simply saying, "These are the
codified laws that appear explicitly not
only in the in the Christian Bible, but
also in the Hebrew Bible." So, that's
what's really very silly. I don't think
he's acting in good faith. It seems very
strange.
>> Well, it seems to me that most
Christians I know, family men, family
women, people that are upstanding
citizens, are they already fulfilling
the seven Noahide laws?
Or is it something you feel society is
swaying from?
>> Uh it really depends. I mean, and I
think Christians will be on board on
this one. I mean, if somebody is
worshipping something that's not God as
God, so that is a violation of seven
Noahide laws.
Uh
in fact, there are many Christians who
are Unitarians as an example, and they
believe that the doctrine of Trinity is
idolatry. It happened to be that Ben has
a more liberal view than this, and
that's why it seems so strange to talk
about attacking him, but there are
groups like the Witnesses and so on that
that believe that the Trinity is highly
problematic, as do, I don't know, 2
billion Muslims on the planet. So, there
are different views on this matter, but
nevertheless, it's very clear in the
Christian Bible. I wanted to just The
The viewers may not pick up on this
point. I want to make it clear.
It is true that Paul attacks Jewish
rituals. He's what's called antinomian.
I just want to lay this out.
>> What What does nomian mean?
>> Oh, that means law. Okay? So, Greek word
means antinomian means he's against the
ritual law. Okay? So, in Colossians,
Paul says, "Let
2:16 say, 'Let no one tell you about
what you eat, what you drink, what
holidays you keep, new moons." Uh
for the the law is only a shadow and the
essence is Christ. Paul is saying Christ
is the end of the law to everyone who
believes. But I want to make a statement
and unless you're a complete
you're completely ignorant, you wouldn't
understand that if you completely you
wouldn't understand this. Paul is saying
that the law is done with, he means only
ritual law. He does not mean moral law,
meaning the laws that we understand. For
instance, Paul oppose uh violating the
seven Noahide laws. He opposes uh a
person uh engaging in a sexual
immorality. Explicitly he does. Murder,
uh all these things he he attacks them.
So it's very important that in in the
view of Paul, we'll take what's called
the antinomian view of Paul, ritual laws
are no longer binding. But these laws
we'll call the moral the Noahide laws
will all be binding in Paul's view. He
says it explicitly. And that's why
Tucker is marshaling something that's
just not there. Paul opposed ritual
laws, but he didn't oppose the Noahide
laws.
>> Well, I'm not such a polemicist when it
comes to who's right or wrong. I'm just
wondering, is there the possibility that
Jews and Christians can work together
effectively? Um let me bring out a few
personal examples that I've seen. It
seems to me that Christian society could
use some more laws.
Uh one of the uh things that could
happen in a Christian society is since
there's no laws, people can stray off
into uh all types of interesting
movements you're seeing from the
socialist and the LGBTQ movement and so
on, even to the point of where you have
people uh euthanasia for example, or
transitioning surgery. That seems to be
a real distortion from law. So is it
possible that uh Christianity could
learn a bit from Judaism without having
to accept all of Judaism?
>> The Christian canon claims that it's
learning from Judaism. Bear in mind that
the Christian Bible says that the
Pharisees, meaning which is exactly same
thing as Orthodoxy is, sit in the seat
of Moses and therefore whatever they
teach you you must follow. Now that I'm
marshalling Matthew 23, which is a
hostile chapter towards Jews. So it's a
hostile witness. Um
Matthew chapter 5 says that I didn't
come to destroy the law. Paul says
expressly in Romans chapter 3 verse 2
that the oracles of God have come to us
through the Jews, were preserved the
Jews. So
I I'm not going to say Tucker doesn't
know and I I'm sure he doesn't know, but
he has such an unfavorable view of the
Jewish people that essentially what he
wants to do is indict the nation no
matter what the evidence is. But the
Christian Bible is very clear that the
origins of God's oracles and truth only
come from the Jewish people. I mean, how
does a Christian who's watching the show
right now
who believes that the book of Song of
Songs or the book of Chronicles is the
word of God and all Christians believe
that. But what's their source for that?
The only way they know this because the
Jews tell them that. It's not These
books are not quoted in the Christian
Bible. So therefore he's I wouldn't say
playing a game. He's not playing a game.
It's a very serious problem that we're
confronting here, but the attack of
Tucker is completely vacuous. The
Christian Bible doesn't support any of
these claims and the Christian Bible
opposes idolatry. I mean, many
Christians do believe that doctrines and
trinity is a later creation of the
church. I leave that to Christians. I
respond to these questions frequently.
>> Well, let me ask you another question.
It's not only that Jews are the supposed
enemy of Tucker Carlson. He says the
most horrific people he's ever met are
Christian Zionists.
>> Right.
>> That's also you Why do you think he's
going after Christian Zionists? How is
he threatened by their existence?
>> Oh, he hates Israel. That's why. I mean
he it's really that that's not
complicated. Um so whereas the Hebrew
Bible tells us that the Jews who one day
return there's not an idea that some
like we discovered. Uh Christians have
long known this. Pure Puritans in the
16th, 17th, 18th century said that the
Jews spoken of in the Hebrew Bible
clearly the Jewish people who while they
went into exile because of their sins
Ezekiel chapter 39 verse
23, 24, 25 nevertheless that nation
would return. And when John Nelson
Darby, a theologian from the United
Kingdom came to the United States and
explained that wait the Jewish people
are God's people who God worked with.
Doesn't mean they're going to go to
heaven. I just want to make it clear in
the view of Christian Zionists
be clear Jews do not go to heaven if
they don't convert to Christianity. So
that I just don't want to miss uh mis-
uh present what a Christian Zion- They
believe that God has a unique eternal
covenant with the Jewish people that
cannot be undone by the United Nations
or Quartet. It's eternal and it's
written and it's enshrined in the Bible.
Now the reason why many Christians have
a problem with this is the following.
The church fathers all said that the God
was done with the Jews. This is very
critical.
All there's no exceptions. There's every
single church father declared that while
the Jews were chosen
and they were given this favor but
because they not only rejected the Jews
but killed them or responsible for his
death therefore the Jews are no longer
chosen. Augustine
a the bishop of Hippo fourth, fifth
century um church father probably one of
the most revered of all in his um epic
work his is
the city of God, he addresses the
question of why the Jews still here.
That means if the Jews are not chosen
any longer, Rome has fallen, the city
God is written right after the fall of
Rome in 410.
Why are the Jews still here? Like why
they around? They should have
disappeared like the Canaanites did. So
he comes up with this solution. That is
the Jews are a witness people. And what
that means and why this germane to our
friend Tucker is that in his view God
keeps the Jews around so everyone would
see them in their degraded state never
to return to Jerusalem, never to have a
temple, never to have sovereignty in the
Holy Land, and everyone would see what
happens to a to the people who reject
Christ. And in fact when the Gestapo
came to Rome in 1943 to take away the
Jews in October, I think was 16th, there
was some protest these are the Pope's
Jews, you got to protect them.
Nevertheless, because the church fathers
said the Jews would never return and
Calvin said that and Luther said that
means the reformers said it as well,
they go how is it that the Jews are
returning? And this is a very big
problem for people who share Tucker's
view that the Jews are the rejected
people of God and the church is the new
Israel called replacement theology. So
what Christian Zionists are doing is
they're rejecting the Christology of the
church fathers. They're rejecting
covenant theology, new Israel theology,
or what is also called
replacement theology. So that's what
he's that's what he's working with.
That's what he's marshaling in his
battle against Israel.
>> What is a Jewish opinion about
converting other people? As far as I
understand Judaism, we're not out there
to convert anyone really. Um and
therefore it seems to be Christians and
Muslims would rather convert us. What is
your view of How does Judaism view the
world around us? I think Tucker Carlson
and friends have some idea that we're
sitting around
talking about how bad Christians and
Muslims are, but you and I both know we
spend very little time talking about how
bad people are around the world. We just
want to survive, we want to be left
alone, we want to learn Torah, want to
keep the Sabbath. What's your
perspective? What does Judaism think
about the world around us?
>> Tucker is projecting here cuz it's
Christianity that insists that unless
you belong to their religion, you're
going to go to hell. I mean, it's
Christianity that's exclusive. And not
only that, and I I'm not saying this is
an attack, but just the way I mean, Mark
16:16, if you believe that you're
baptized, you're saved. If you believe
not, you're damned. I mean, ex-
plicitly in the Christian Bible, if
you're not a Christian, you're going to
hell. We don't believe that, the
Christians believe that. Moreover, I'll
just say this, there are many many
Christians who think that if you don't
belong to my Christian denomination,
you're lost. There are many Catholics
who believe there's no salvation outside
of the Catholic Church, and there are
Protestants that believe, I mean, Luther
and Calvin believed that the Pope was
the Antichrist. So, and as it turns out,
Muslims also believe that you have to
become Muslim in order to go to heaven.
We're the ones who are universalists,
meaning we're the ones that there you
don't need to convert to Judaism in
order to have a relation with God and
have eternal life, that the the pious
among the nations, the righteous among
the nations, we can call them Noahides,
you can call them whatever you want.
People who worship the one God of
Israel, keep this moral code, have a
place in the world to come. So, Tucker
is actually projecting. It's his I'm not
attacking Christianity, but I think he's
an Episcopalian, but regardless, it is
the church that has declared that
there's no salvation outside of the
cross. We don't say that. You don't
There's no reason for you to convert to
the Jewish faith. You could be saved as
a Noahide, you have a relation with God
by keeping and preserving these seven
Noahide Laws.
>> So, we're not imposing these seven
Noahide Laws. These are just suggestions
for humanity.
>> No, I mean the seven Noahide Laws really
are commandments. It really is the
mother load of bad ideas to commit
murder and to engage in kidnapping and
to rape women, you know, all these
things are a very grave sin in Tanakh
and they have in me a very grave sin
in the Christian Bible. This comes up in
the Christian Bible. These are condemned
in the New Testament. I'm not a
Christian, but the New Testament on
these issues of Noahide Laws are, as we
said, the list is in the Book of Acts
chapter 15. Like the rabbis came up with
something is plainly in the text.
>> So, I think what Ben Shapiro is saying,
"Listen, we're not imposing our religion
on you. We have these commandments we
they're called the seven Noahide Laws.
We're we're
admitting that these are very important
things. It will protect society." Now,
there's many reasons a guy like Ben
Shapiro would say that. I mean, do not
murder. Well, just remember October 7th.
The world's not doing very well in that
in that well.
Um in terms of idol worship, I'm not
sure where idol worship is in America. I
don't see many idols in the United
States of America. Uh do not steal. We
see a lot of thievery around the world.
We do see a lot of people committing a
forbidden sexual relations in the
Western world today. Unfortunately, I'm
a marriage therapist. I deal with people
with addiction all the time. It seems to
be a very very serious issue when it
comes to uh do not eat the flesh taken
from a living animal. That's just
highlighting our importance the
importance of being kind to animals. I
think that's very important to do. And
of course, establishing courts of
justice. Uh there's many questions about
judicial law. Is it politicized too
much? So, it seems to me that he's just
saying Let me hear what you have to say
about that. What Ben Shapiro is saying
is uh these are the commandments we
believe the whole world has to keep uh
to protect you, not just to protect us.
>> Right, exactly. Again, I think I would
say Tucker is projecting, which he is,
but as it turns out, there are Christian
denominations that think that other
Christian denominations are not saved
because they don't have the truth. The
Orthodox Church, I just as a point,
which is the second largest Christian
denomination, I'm lumping all versions
of it, the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental,
they believe that the Catholic Church
has missed a doctrine surely because
they believe in the Filioque. It doesn't
matter what that means, but again, it is
the church that's exclusivist, not the
Jewish people. And you know, what's
happening here is transparently Tucker
is in a battle for the Republican Party
in the United States, and he wants to
turn the Republican Party against
Israel, which is very striking. So, but
Tucker is, he claims to be a
conservative, and I remember when he was
on Crossfire on CNN many, many years ago
after Pat Buchanan. So, he always
defended these conservative this these
conservative laws. And for him now to
weaponize the Noahide Laws, which he
always defended when he worked for Fox,
he always defended when he worked for
CNN on Crossfire, he It's very
transparent what he's doing, and that is
he's attacking Ben, who really is the
worst person to attack on this point
because Ben has the most liberal view of
the Christian faith of anyone I can
know, and I don't know of anyone, any
Jewish person in the United States
like Ben who encourages Christians to be
more committed to their Christian
religion. So, Ben is like the worst
person in the world for Tucker to go
after.
>> Well, you're mentioning before is he's
representing or giving voice to the Pat
Buchanan side of the conservative
movement. For whatever reason he wants
to do that,
William F. Buckley
kicked out of the conservative movement
the anti-Semites. So, it sounds like
he's trying to reintroduce this for some
political reason. Am I reading that
correctly?
>> Yeah, I mean he's Tucker is an
isolationist and he's fiercely
anti-Israel. While he worked, he was a
broadcast on Fox News for 15 years. So
then he couldn't
I mean I could I sniffed it out. I mean
a lot of people did, but it doesn't
matter. While he was at Fox, he had a he
was a more he was cautious and now he
can let loose. His goal is that Tucker
wants to to he's there 2 years left on
Trump's term and he wants to make sure
that the Republican Party turns against
Israel and therefore he could marshal
anything. Again, Ben is the worst
possible person he can do this to. But
Pat Buchanan, who's still alive
incidentally, Pat Buchanan was
is a virulent anti-Semite. He's an
isolationist. He hates Israel and as it
turns out when Pat Buchanan stepped down
from his role on Crossfire on CNN, who
took over? Tucker Carlson. Hello. So
that's what we're dealing with now and
Tucker sees an opportunity. He's not
going to convert Trump. That's never
going to happen. Trump is a
philo-Semite. He always loved Israel
before he any had any known political
ambitions and his father
was the same way. He just loved Jews,
gave money to build synagogues. I mean,
that's not that's not typical. And
Tucker recognized that once Trump is is
finishes his term, who's going to be the
person who steps forward? It's going to
be someone who hates Israel, believes in
replacement theology, is going to seize
the heart and soul of the Republican
Party.
>> Well, it seems to be what we call the
horseshoe theory is reappearing both the
extreme right and the extreme left. The
the left uses Israel and Zionism
uh to gain attention. Mamdani came into
power. All the DSA members are pushing
into power. Are you pro-Israel? Are you
anti-Israel? And it seems to be Tucker
Carlson's doing that on the right as
well. It becomes Judaism becomes a
defining issue
for political power around the world
today. Both left and right are using it
equally. It's a good dose of
anti-Semitism from my perspective,
uh manifesting itself in the political
realm. But, final question, after
everything we've discussed today, what
do you think is the single most
important important message you'd like
to share with Christians, Jews, and
people of all the faiths to understand
about Judaism, the Jewish people, and
our responsibility to one another?
>> Yeah, I would, you know, turn back to
Hebrew Bible, look at the Jewish
scriptures, and I think it's widely
understood in not only among Jews but
among Christians as well, that we are
living in a remarkable time.
I live in Jerusalem, and on these
streets walked a prophet, his name is
Zephaniah, it's Zephaniah, and he
preached um that one day, days are
coming when all the nations speak in a
pure speech, bisofa berura, and the
whole world will be of one accord. We're
looking forward to that remarkable
moment. Right now, there's upheaval in
the world as described in Ezekiel 39,
but we are approaching a time when will
all the nations will turn to the one God
of Israel. We're looking forward to that
moment.
>> What does the world look like when all
the people turn towards Jerusalem and
towards the one God of Israel?
>> So, the you know, even the United
Nations
I don't know if you're I don't know if
our viewers are fans of the UN or not,
but even the United Nations had the
brains to put up the
the Isaiah wall, exactly. 42nd Street
and First Avenue, there's a wall which
contains in it what will happen. That
means that the Messiah spoken of, that
he will rebuke the nations, the world,
and what will happen as a result?
Nations will take their implements of
war, swords and spears, and they'll turn
into plowshares and pruning hooks.
Nations will used to go
Nation will not learn of war anymore.
So, therefore, that's the UN gets that,
but Tucker Carlson somehow didn't figure
out. The UN had the brains to put up
Isaiah chapter 2, but somehow the former
host of Crossfire totally forgot about
it. And he wants a more Christian nation
America. I rest my case.
>> So, when all the world turns to the God
of Israel, ultimately what you're saying
is going to be peace in the world.
>> Right. There are 27 wars raging in the
world right now. Tucker is only
focused on one of those wars, but there
are 27 of them. But when the Messiah
comes, all those tanks that are deployed
in Ukraine and Russia and so on. And
what's happening in North Africa, all of
that will come to an end and all the
nations of the world will worship the
one true God. We're looking forward to
that moment.
>> Rabbi Singer, how do people follow you?
Where are Christians, Jews, Muslims,
Hindus, people around the world? How do
they find out about you and learn from
your teachings?
>> YouTube and just look at my name, Tovia
Singer.
>> Okay, wonderful. Rabbi Singer, thank you
for joining us. We look forward to
talking to you again in the future.
>> If you enjoyed this program,
please like and subscribe.
>> [music]
[singing]
[music]
[singing]