The Unbroken Chain of the Torah - Rabbi Benzion Klatzko - Library of Torah Thought

[Music] hi everyone this class is the third in the series and i love context context is everything so every segment of not just jewish education education in general very very often is missing context and when you don't have context you're like okay i'm going to learn it but why is it important i remember coming to algebra and trigonometry class uh in high school and not having context like okay now we're going to learn trigonometry what is trigonometry why will i ever use it why is it important give me some real life scenarios where this is going to happen uh the same thing could be even said for chemistry or biology none of these things were in context why is it important that this is true and context everything so in judaism there is context that's missing even if you have been to jewish school and jewish class jewish camp or went to sunday school there's context that's missing which is actually troubling so for example passover okay i eat the moms up but did the events happen that we're celebrating do i even believe in god that supposedly took the jewish people out of egypt there are so many questions so instead what we do is we put our fingers in our ears don't give me just give me the matzah let me sing the manistana and i'm going to be good don't tell me don't give me any troubling questions that may shake up my faith and i was never i was never that kind of person i neither are my kids like i want to know that it's true that it's real that it's historically based i need to know because not just because i don't want to be doing things that are just meaningless because i have ocd but the opposite i want them to be more meaningful i'm trying to build the case for judaism so if you were in my first class then you would have heard the case for a creator versus chaos that there is a creator that the world is premeditated it is designed by a designer versus the world quantum fluctuating into a into existence with all the intricacies and interlocking design and so on we built a case last class that we gave we built the second case and that second case is okay i get it so there's a creator that's you know there's a reasonable way of understanding there's a creator but how do i know that the creator wanted us to practice judaism maybe the creator wasn't uh christianity or islam or baha'i or taoism or hinduism or buddhism how do i know that judaism got it right after all we're tiny compared to muslims or christians where we're small it'll be people so why would i suspect that we got it right and the rest of the world did not or to some degree they did not we are now up to them a little more technical but i think no less interesting okay and that is rabbis rabbinical judaism and maybe the fidelity of the torah itself what do i mean so starting off this class i want to take the following uh the following items as a gift okay because we have these two other classes ready this item number one that there's a creator item number two that the jewish people left egypt stood around mount sinai and received torah or ten commandments we have to get into the weeds what exactly they received but here we are three thousand three hundred years later or exactly if you're listening last week exactly 3 33 years later 3 3 4 3 x this year is a very interesting year because it's the 3 3 3 3 year this year how do i know that the torah that we receive then is the torah that we have today [Music] maybe it's evolved maybe it's changed that's not there's not an unreasonable supposition things change over time isn't that correct and then outside of torah itself there's all these extra laws that are attributed to oral law or rabbinic judaism how do i know that that's even part of the transmission so those are two incredibly important questions and we're going to cover them and i think you're going to enjoy this so question number one why isn't judaism something like broken telephone and i'll explain to you why this question is a very valid question within judaism there is the written torah that we all have copies of we've all seen perhaps we've touched perhaps perhaps we've made a blessed by that's the written torah and then there's another torah there's a completely another torah it's called oral torah known in hebrew as torah shamal now the truth is you all have heard of it you just may not know that it is oral torah we're going to get into that you you've heard of it but you maybe have not you haven't heard the words oral law uh be designated for the practice but that's really what it is so let's let's begin with the written tone so the oldest written torahs that we have are hubble so the oldest complete written torah is 2 000 years old now that's very old that's from the dead sea scrolls we don't have older tourists because the law is that when a torah gets old when the letters begin to crumble we don't keep that torah around because the torah has laws in it and letters crumble and we read from it instead of it saying lo signoff don't steal what would happen if it were low which means don't what would happen if that word got crumbled and erased so how would it read steal kill so we have a law is that if a torah gets very old we don't we don't keep that torah around we take that torah and we bury it so by its nature we're not going to have a lot of ancient torahs ancient taurus get buried so why do we even have any ancient torahs at all and the answer is because in the times of the second temple there were a group of people called the essence and they lived right by masana actually and they lived in a city or area called the qumran right by the dead sea and they they were an interesting group you could do your research about them they were a very separatist kind of group and they had some very odd practices but they did have a very extensive library and eventually they died out they didn't believe in marriage so much so that doesn't you know they didn't procreate therefore they died out pretty quickly but we found their library actually a bedouin shepherd found their library by accident a goat had jumped uh far away out of reach of this young bedouin shepherd and he ended up jumping into one of these caves in the quran and the shepherd couldn't reach the this goat so he takes a rock and he throws it into the cave to scare the goat out and the goat heard and i'm sorry and the shepherd heard like a a cracking sound a crashing sound and he says wow what was that threw a rock into the cave that was above me and something it broke something and he was curious enough that he was able to scale his way up to this cave and he came and he found all of these pottery jars with rolled up scrolls and those scrolls ended up being called the dead sea scrolls they're incredibly famous they are arguably the most famous archaeological find at least man may find in the history of the world there's never been anything like that normally squirrels like those would have been buried if they were jewish and even secular they would have fallen apart but because the area in the dead sea is so dry and arid they were preserved and they were brought down and it's just tremendous intrigue with these scrolls but in the end of the day the strolls were brought to israel and they live next to the israel museum in a building called the shrine of the book so the oldest torah is 2000 years old however if our torah is 3 300 years old that still gives the torah 1300 years to change typos right yeah yeah ever type you have a typo what if there's a typo it's a very it's a very reasonable question and and remember torah where every single word can change the meaning maybe there are typos and especially that it was all handwritten and when you write something in the hand and you're copying from another school it's very very uh likely that a letter or two got messed up here and there and if you want to understand how likely it is how many versions are there of the new testament never have any idea if you if you conclude that every letter that is different creates a new version which is what both the new christians and jews would say when it comes to a holy work in terms of holy work if you have a difference in letter specifically if that difference in a letter changes the meaning then you have a new book how many differences are there in the new testament the answer is three hundred thousand there are so many differences and don't forget the new testament is much more recent than the torah the new testament was written in the 70 80 uh ce common era and that's when it started being written by paul and then it was written over a period of 50 years so right that then there's there's other tones that were we're not including agnostic but but in general it's 2 000 years newer and yet there's so many mistakes in it and the new testament is not as big as the torah they call the old testament i don't like to call it old testament because it's not only it's just torah it's only old if there's a new one but we don't believe the new is real it says baloney and therefore the torah is the torah period the torah is two-fifths larger than the entire new testament so something that's larger has more room for error right the larger the boat more room for the older it is the more room for error and there's 300 000 discrepancies in the new testament how many discrepancies should we find in the torah so i'm going to tell you something that is fascinating in the entire world whether you go to an ashkenazi country a sparta country you can go to tunisia you can go to a lot you can go to denmark sweden bonazares in the entire toro you will only find one letter difference between ashkenaz inspired in the entire torah not 300 000 one letter one letter and that letter by the way it doesn't change the meaning how did that happen how did they get it so wrong and judaism was able to keep the fidelity there so there's a lot of a lot of explanations why number one if there is a mistake then the torah can't be used remember i said if the letter is crumbled you can't use that torah so too if there's a mistake in the torah you can't you can't use that torah as a matter of fact you know if you've ever seen the torah when you close the torah there's a belt around it and then there's a cover you've seen that before a belt inside cover outside if there's a tour that has one letter error the belt goes on the outside of the torah on top of the cover to signify that it is unusable torah and you're not allowed to keep that torah even in your house so torahs there is this understanding that it must be kept as pure and as clean and as real as possible um if you look in in history there were actually six discrepancies but those five of them don't wipe out very quickly uh the reason they were described and seized at all is because remember jews are a very small population and we were exiled very often we were exiled very quickly imagine the juice in ukraine right now get out of here get out of here so they were eggs out quickly there were this a lot of this came before there was ever printed work so you have to make sure when your exile that you have a torah of of good standing that the fidelity is accurate and there were so many little hamlets that the jews ended up in that there were times where there was not a single torah available now we look at that like a crazy thing if i showed you i have a cupboard right here i have three pillars sitting right here in the cupboard um but in those days it was much though it was possible but what ended up happening was the the torahs were always cross-checked with each other so when there was a mistake in the torah uh because the scribes do make mistakes it was cross-referenced to many other torahs and then and it was able to be fixed today by the way when a torah is written besides being hand-checked not once but twice it is also computer checked so the exact same computer program at kutoros today uh our computer checked like rules by and can scan it and see if there's any mistakes i think that's very cool it's a great use of technology to computer chuck guitar so those that start so the fidelity of the torah is incredibly important in judaism and the great rabbis were actually called sophrim a sulfur people translated as a scribe but a sulfur also means a counter account for somebody who counts because these so from would count every single letter they knew exactly how many letters they were on the tour there's over 300 000 letters in the torah and they would count each one of those letters that they knew if the torah was missing even one letter so as far as torah goes fascinating but the fidelity is accurate wherever you go in the world not only that my friends but reform or that i was conservative for all the differences they all got the same torah all the same all the same really interesting okay now you've got the written term now let me just give you a little background so where did when was the written torah given so there are um a few opinions but let me just give you the basic opinion okay at mount sinai we received the ten commandments right god speaking to the jewish people according to one opinion god hear the first two it was too dramatic for the jewish people to hear god speak so they asked moshe to give the other aim according to other opinions god gave the entire ten well where either way the jewish people heard god speak whether he's two or dead it was it became clear and we spoke about that last week over the next 40 years the jewish people were in the desert god would give moshe the torah and moshe would then teach it to the twist people how did the jewish people know that the torah that moshe was giving came from god maybe the jewish people would say hey verse 10 heard from god at mount sinai on that day but he uh but torah is big so why wouldn't they suspect maybe moshe just added all sorts of laws to the torah that's a good question also right a good question how do they know the answer is when god gave the torah at mount sinai he did it in a very unique way and i can quote the verse verse says god sent to moshe god says to moses behold i will appear to you in the thickness of a cloud now we're not talking about a cloud like kind of holds water there was it's called the anakavod a holy a holy cloud this was a cloud the jewish people were very familiar with the torah speaks about it quite often it led the jewish people through the desert and god comes down in the thickness of a cloud so that the nation will see that i am speaking to you that god's speaking to moshe the gamba and then in you they will believe forever meaning the following meaning god says listen i'm not going to stay at mount sinai and teach 613 commandments way too dramatic no one's going to remember it you'll have questions learning torah takes a long time so i'm going to give you the ultimate teacher his name is moses moshe he is the teacher but how do you know he's not ad living and the answer is god says i'm going to give the torah the ten commandments to moshe and you're going to see us communicate through this through this special cloud and then from then on when you see the tabernacle which follow followed jewish people in the desert when you would see that same cloud that was on top of mount sinai descend on the tabernacle and you would see moshe walk in you knew that we were having communication and that is what happened over the next 40 years most would walk in the tent at the glory the tabernacle the cloud would descend and everyone said up there is communication going on the cloud lift up and the jewish people left there was never disagreement about that everyone saw it and it was uh one of those miracles uh the cloud of glory general is a miracle that is actually more substantiated than any miracle in the history of miracles why is that okay we're going to take a moment and explain what makes a miracle a miracle christians say they have miracles and muslims say the americans what makes a miracle a miracle that's a fair question everyone makes claims to miracles so normally speaking when someone thinks something is supernatural it's not because science explains many things and there were things that people thought was your financial for thousands of years and now we understand how they work like i don't know maybe the northern lights they would say the gods are speaking like yeah there are things that were not well understood today we understand this static in the environment but people didn't understand so what makes a miracle a miracle so i'm going to give you a few criteria where the more criteria a miracle fulfills the more substantial and substantiated a miracle is okay and this is this is a great exercise and if you ever have friends oh i saw a miracle a miracle say one second let's look at the criteria and see whether this this actually lines up number one was the miracle predicted wasn't predicted predicting something in advance makes the event much more substantial give you an example let's say i go to china and i miss my plane i end up staying in hong kong for the night i come down to breakfast and there is my old friend from high school maybe my best friend i haven't seen in 20 years and we are sitting right across from each other what are the chances that that happened what are the chances that i happen to be in china but the first time i ever went i happened to miss my plane i have to what are the chances that that i am bumping into my friend over here the answer is the chances are actually quite good why because it wasn't predicted so it wasn't predicted that the chances are not what are the chances of me bumping into my friend in china the real question is what are the chances of a random event occurring or a coincidence occurring and the answer is very high coincidences occur all the time i just it doesn't do anything like when when there's no coincidence it doesn't register because nothing happened so when a coincidence happens i say wow that's interesting but coincidences happen all the time in our lives what would have made this a much more fascinating occurrence is if 20 years ago when we were best friends in high school i predicted on this day and this time we are going to end up in china and i'm going to miss my plane and okay this that's already really interesting but if it wasn't predicted in advance then it was just a coincidence and the chance of coincidences occurring are very common so something has to be predicted um dan already takes away a lot of miracles something happens all of a sudden right something's predicted in advance so for example uh when the jews received the torah god said you're going to hear me in three days prepare yourself so it was predicted the clouds of glory were predicted beforehand so was the manna okay another another issue with miracles is if a miracle happens only one time because if something happens one time it's never repeated then okay something happened like i know what to make of that like that was that was quick that was wow i don't know what maybe that was a miracle maybe it wasn't but imagine if something repeated itself a miraculous event but it happened again and again that's much more substantial okay so the more something repeats itself because otherwise something happened i can't explain it but you can't duplicate it so maybe it's some science thing or maybe it was prepared like i don't know it was a one-time occurrence okay we agree with that the more often it repeats itself the more substantial it is i'll give another uh problem with miracles sometimes miracles happen in a moment of great stress a moment of great duress which means that i'm in a lot of stress and suddenly something happens like oh oh my goodness but i don't know it wasn't my mind playing tricks on me i'm i'm locked in an elevator and i can't get out then all of a sudden something happens and like i banged twice and suddenly the elevator goes was my banging you know when things happen and i'm stressed i often misread what happened and how it happened and what it means but if i'm calm like in hebrew i'm sababa i'm just relaxed and then something occurs wow that's really substantial well i was relaxed i was prepared for it it's happening repeatedly i'll give you another issue what if a miracle happens to one person it's better like we said last week if the miracle happens to multiple people something happens to multiple people then it's a lot more substantial when a when a miracle occurs to many people then i could say wow you could fool one person and fool a few people but if they happen to many people that's more exciting there was a fellow who said to me rabbi what do you say about the that um statue of a cow in india i said i don't know what are you talking about he said yeah there was this cow in india that began to it was it was a idol a cow idol and it began to bleed milk from its eyes and pilgrims came and they saw the cow believing milton's eyes and they bowed down and they gave gifts they prostrated themselves what do you say about that the cow bleeding milkman's eyes that's a miracle hindu i said okay i have a question for you okay let's say this idle cow is bleeding milk what obligation did that cause the people who saw it what did it obligate them to do nothing they just saw and they were very impressed they were blown away yeah but what if somebody said to them if this kind really is miraculous that would prove to you hinduism is true and now please give all your money to the temple or please circumcise yourself or i don't put but there's got to be another explanation to this maybe there's condensation that's causing the causing you know what looks like milk maybe there's a guy inside who made little holes by the eyes drip dropping mo meaning a miracle that doesn't create obligation is not so impressive because we all want to be impressed by things we can't explain but if being impressed comes at a cost i'm gonna be much more skeptical so almost every miracle that exists outside of judaism falls short in one or many of these categories and that's why you know in christianity to be called a saint they have to be two witnesses each witness has to say that this person like mother teresa was called a saint in catholicism it had to be two people that saw her do a miracle yeah but i know those two people are accurate it happened to one person one time without forewarning it didn't create any kind of obligation may they happen on duress i don't know but these are very very weak miracles there's a very famous story on ebay someone was telling the face of jesus in toast like i put a grilled cheese sandwich in and somehow when it came out it burnt in a way that looked like the face of jesus now between you and the lamppost even if jesus existed which i'm not going to conceive i mean there are a lot of scholars saying it was an amalgamation of of different personalities good cause to say that but even if a guy jesus existed does anyone know what he looked like anyone no because our image of jesus comes from leonardo da vinci correct that's how iron comes from he was probably not white probably didn't have long hair he he looks like a caucasian from denmark he he probably looked dark and so yeah but the leonardo da vinci version came out on the french toast a lot of it on the grilled cheese and then they sold it on ebay for a lot of money that's a miracle was that predicted in advance did that create obligation you know it didn't happen unto the rest someone stood to make a buck most miracles that are out there are easily explained away easily so in judaism we just we don't we don't do anything with that we don't do anything i'll give you one more christian example you know i like to pick up my christian brothers but i don't uh just intellectually the rising of lazarus in the new testament lazarus sister comes to jesus and says my brother died where is he he's in this cave jesus says go gather people people came outside the cave she said my brother died he's in the cave everyone waited outside and then a few minutes later jesus comes out with a risen lazarus did anyone see he was actually dead right little okey-pokey right the people saw him dead was her doctor took his pulse declared him brain dead they stood outside the cave he came in come on victorians with the risen lazarus come on come on come on maybe maybe 2 000 years ago that did something but today you know we've actually seen people who did come back from clinical death we we know such a thing exists not sure how why what where when but no one saw him except for her sister who said she was dead who said he was dead maybe maybe she was lying jesus thought that he made uh lazarus rise meaning these miracles they don't mean anything let me contrast that to a very simple miracle that the jews claim very simple miracle when the jews uh were in the desert they couldn't plant first of all they were moving from area to area but not only were they moving but it was a desert so they didn't have lots lots of livestock or they didn't have lots and lots of produce and wheat and grain and apples so what do they eat so they ate something called the mud or known english as the manna have your manner from heaven means god prepared a kind of food and put it for each jewish person and every one of them ate the manner for 40 years and it became like part of their natural day today you come outside you find your manner waiting you bring it in hook it up and that would sustain the entire nation now kind of tell you something about this man of miracle that's a heck of a miracle it actually checks off every single box it happened multiple times to many people not under duress it was forewarned it did create obligation actually because the laws of manner were connected to the laws of shambhat it didn't fall on shabbat so it obligated them to keep shabbat and to rely on the fact that it's going to fall twice on friday the manna is one of the strongest miracles in the history of miracles christians don't deny this by the way it's not denied and i don't think muslims do that i didn't look at the but muslims do believe in the general story of the torah that's a that's a very big statement that the manna is a miracle that checks out all the boxes it's not their own clouds of glory were also like now certain miracles in judaism uh don't check up all the boxes it doesn't mean they're not accurate split into the seat does not check off all the boxes because it was a one-time event they got right they went through it it also did happen under duress but it was forewarned because god told moshe tell them to walk in they're going to be okay it did happen to many people it was witnessed by many people it did create obligation so not every miracle is going to check off every box but enough miracles in judaism do check off the boxes that they can reflect on those that don't one more thing about miracles in judaism a miracle is not the end-all be-all as a matter of fact believe it or not in judaism we downplay miracles there's no obligation for someone to be a miracle worker to be to be a great person you don't have to do hocus pocus hashem had to do miracles when the jewish people left egypt that was really important very important but he had to save us but at a certain point miracles happen when they have to happen how do you say a miracle in hebrew the word miracle means is nice and a nace just means a banner or a flag a banner or a flag why is it called a banner or a flag what what about nice is a banner or a flag so here's how to look at it in the olden days when people went to war so war was a bloody enterprise you'd have one side picture the americans and the british sort of an example right the revolutionary war you'd have one side with their bayonets and their guns and their swords and they were led by their generals and then on the other side you have the same thing bayonets guns muskets swords they're generals and they were very gentlemanly about it and then they would say charge let's go and then the two sides would clash and it would it would then be a nightmare it would be a horrific hellscape people would just be sliced and diced and bleeding blood spritzing and it was just horrific to look at and everyone whose uniforms were so beautiful and gold buttons and shiny and they shined their boots within a matter of moments they were in utter despair there's no glory in war just bitterness and sadness and people would be trampled by horses people would be stabbed people and it was just terrific now imagine somebody they go running into this battle and in the middle of this battle which is so fierce they're on the ground let's say yeah just rain and they're full of mud and there's mud everywhere there's blood everywhere there's dead carcasses everywhere and the person gets up when they're a young guy they're 18 years old they don't want to die and they look around and everyone's stabbing each other and people are moving on the ground the death rows and then the this person says you know i i need to be with my people i need a i need to get i need to gather together and figure out where my group is i can't find this alone problem is his group is in bell and they're on the ground they're muddy and he can't doesn't know where they are so they used to have a flag or a banner and it was in the rear it was behind the groups that are charged and it was raised high and when you would lose your battalion they would rally around the flag they would run back to the flag and then everyone full of mud and dirt and blood they've come rallying around the flag now there's a bunch of people that are around the flag they create a group and then together as a unit they go back into battle so that's how it used to work you run in everything would be chaotic the person would be there oh no i lost my group i can't battle alone run back to the flag other people come running to the flag soon you got 10 15 20 people and then together let's go and then they charge back in so the flag is the way that everyone knows that okay i'm here we're here this is where we are it it reminds everyone or tells everyone that here this is we're present we are this is where we exist when hashem when god does a miracle he doesn't do it for the wow factor wow what a miracle once in a while god will change nature to raise a banner to raise the flag saying hey i know life is chaotic now i know things look terrible but here i am just rally around me and then you go on with life so the flag the nace the banner serves the same purpose as a banner and war it reminds us in our most difficult time time period that the almighty is still around still watching now sometimes that miracle could seem coincidental and it could be chalked up to coincidence it could be mathematically speaking coincidences happen even far-flung ones what we do is we try to look at them in a way to say you know what my faith does not depend on this flag but it is certainly good it's certainly comforting to know that god is there he's watching and he's got me and i think for today we're going to do part b because we didn't even touch on proper robin and judaism so we're going to do that part b next week for this week i'm going to end with a story and the story happened to a friend of mine and it's the kind of story that could be chalked up to coincidence and yet to me i was moved enough to see in it the banner now maybe christians could do the same things okay muslims so my faith doesn't depend on the story but i i feel within this story is a banner okay you understand my parameter that's my problem so here's how we go my friend's name is rabbi y yy rubenstein is a rabbi from scotland and rabbi rubenstein had a son named moshe a son-in-law sorry son-in-law very much married his daughter and one day moshe calls up and he says dad calls his father or dad he says i have bad news i've been having eye difficulties eye issues and i went from specialist to specialist and the prognosis is not good uh according to all of them i will be completely blind in ten years i am losing my eyesight and this is a young man in his 20s it's a horrible thing to hear horrible thing he happened to be a photographer as well but even if he wasn't it's just a horrible thing to hear what can we do without him to hashem that's all we can do a few a few weeks after this uh diagnosis was given this boy moshe ends up flying to england because he has a photography shoot at a wedding and then he was going to fly back to israel and then last moment a flight gets canceled it's a major airline and he really needed to get back to israel so he's trying to find out how else can i get back to israel and he finds a cut-rate airline so he says okay i'm going to take uh i'm going to take this flight and because it's so cut right it's got you know the seats are jumping there's no kosher food and it's just um it's a really poor alignment okay you know it's a few hours and then he's gonna be back in israel well he gets on the flight and the guy sitting next to begins to speak with him where are you from where he coming from what happened flight got delayed and then moses says well actually i actually studied in a place called gateshead kate said is a yeshiva in england a very poor sort of workmanlike town yeah i studied there so the man sitting next to him said that's so interesting i actually used to study with the rabbi from gateshead that rabbi used to come from gateshead to newcastle and study with me and a few other groups of young professionals he would come each week you to drive from the city of gaza to newcastle to study with me and moshe says who is that rabbi who would study with you he said oh his name was rabbi y rubenstein somebody says oh my goodness that's my father-in-law he's your father studying with me yeah for a long for a long long time he would study he'd go to newcastle to study and the man said it's amazing wow of all people i'm sitting next to i was next to you wow if we hadn't if i had if you hadn't missed your flight you wouldn't be sitting here and he's and as he speaks to him it turns out the person who was the student the rabbi yui rubenstein is an eye specialist and i said i suppose let me tell you what just happened i don't you know i don't know what to do about it but i went to specialist after specialist and this eye surgeon said that's correct according to modern medicine you're going to lose your sight except that i invented a a way to tackle this problem and i can make sure that you don't lose your eyesight and because your father-in-law was my rabbi i'm gonna personally take care of you and i'm gonna make sure that you get the surgery and i'm gonna do the surgery and he did the surgery on this young man and the man uh had the problem heal cure and today he's able to see no issues at all now could it happen that he just happened to miss his flight he of all days today he missed it and he ended up on a certain flight and he ended up and he ended up next to this person and that person happened to study with his father in law and that person happened to be an eye surgeon and he happened to just create this skill all that stuff couldn't have happened we don't use that to rely on god to say that oh there we go now that proved to me that god exists but it is a banner it is a flag and if it's a flag then i could use that to rally around to bolster my faith so that i am able in the future to go about and do my duties as a jewish person so let's just review what we spoke about today we spoke first off about torah how do we know the torah is true and we said that things need context anything that i believe in or that i do any holiday if i fast on young kipper if i put on film there needs to be context i need some proof if i don't have proof then it doesn't mean much to me it's too uh you know it's just i'm going through a ritual then i said the torah itself is provable that what we receive it has fidelity has accuracy we set out in other books it's not just christian but other books there are many many many variations which actually change which change actual meanings they actually change meanings and in judaism there's a one letter difference even though it is 1300 years older uh almost 1400 years old actually and even though it is uh two-fifths larger than the new testament still it has that fidelity we spoke a little bit about the quran how how it got that way where we're the oldest ones that we know of uh are i do want to say that today all of torah's have been double checked against a very special book known as the quet there is a special book that is found in the israel museum which became the book that we use so this way you don't have to carry toners around to chat versus door but they they they they created a special book this is all the way goes back a thousand years um that's just something interesting to know and then uh we spoke about we spoke about the torah itself who how did that how was the torah given ten commandments i know we were at mount sinai but what about the rest of the torah we spoke about how that hand don't happen through this cloud of glory that the god gave to the to moshe banu the ten commandments together with the jewish people but everyone saw that communication and they knew from then on whenever the clown came that it was god communicating to jewish people and then we spoke about miracles in general how do we know if a miracle is accurate or not uh and then whenever we hear a miracle uh we ask ourselves how many people that happened to that it or it's just wasn't coincidence among other coincidences that happen under duress did it repeat itself did it create obligation like i'm seeing something miraculous it better have these criteria otherwise it's just something that people say because people want to believe people want to believe that's understandable but that doesn't make it accurate and then we spoke about the manna being something that literally checks off every one of those boxes and then we said there are a few more as well okay bye everyone [Music]