The Talmud - Rabbi Yaakov Lynn

[Music] okay this class is designed to make everything else make sense right so that's what we've been working on trying to understand like where does it all come from and what are the different parts that are in all these words you hear so these actually last time we mention very very important words we'll review them and then I'm actually gonna show you some of some of what we said again the story so far quickly is that all of Judaism Jewish mix starts where and when where did Jewish text begin good tonight right what happened in the high nine good the Jewish people all stood there all two million or so of them right and Hashem started giving the Torah everybody heard it right all everybody heard was commandment number one commandment number two then the people said this is too intense for us Moshe you please go up the mountain get the rest of it Hashem said I agree everybody heard him say Moshe come with the mountain to get the rest of the Torah and the Moshe went up for forty days and forty nights came down with her Satori unfortunately to break the tablets because they were worshiping a golden calf went back up before did is for the Knights to get back to the Torah okay no we said the Torah really breaks up into two parts the written Torah which is the five books of Moses at the pub books of Moshe called the coup mosh right and we've been discussing the oral torah and we said that with that an oral torah the written Torah doesn't make any sense right when the Shem gave the written Torah to Hashem he month away when a Shem gave the written Torah to Moshe he must have given an oral torah with it or else the door doesn't make any sense right somebody want to give an example what we said how do we know there must be no throw what close your slaughter good sense of the Torah that when you slaughter an animal you must slaughter in it in the way in which I show I have shown you any of interest' Aryans okay good that we could talk about some animals right so when you slaughter an animal to eat it it must be slaughtered in the way in which I showed you where in the door does it say that I've shown you it doesn't you could read it cover-to-cover all it says is that you should slaughter an animal and the way in which I've shown you so if you believe that the written Torah was given from Hashem you must believe that in oral torah was given with a show with it or else the written Torah itself doesn't make any sense it says slaughter an animal the way which I showed you and it doesn't say what that way is right if you look at the second page right there are a whole bunch of examples of things that we could never know without the oral torah right if you looked at in the middle where the bullet points are it doesn't say that's all right anywhere I had to get married right it does say that people got married but doesn't say how to do it right it doesn't say anywhere in the Torah but the filling should look like it says that there's nothing called toad tough folk that we should wear but we mentioned last time we wouldn't know what that is if it weren't for the written for the oral torah right the fact that there's prayer which you might have noticed is a big part of Judaism but it's not in the Torah it doesn't say anywhere in Torah you must pray right or that you should pray or how to pray or what you should say when you pray all that's part of the oral torah right we talked about what type of work is forbidden on Shabbos all says missourah is that you shouldn't do malaga on Shabbos whatever that means we didn't wear any much really sure what the word mwahaha means all right the orals are explained what that means and the thirty-nine categories of work we don't do and what they are and you can do this you can't do that right and that certain parts of the Torah well the Torah in general is meant to be taken literally there's certain parts of you took it literally you'd end up with a very warped system of Judaism like an eye for an eye all right which we don't believe in right there have been sadistic difficult systems that do that kind of thing right but Judaism has never ever done that kind of thing even though it says knife Ranieri of the Torah and even though we take the Torah literally why because the oral torah says that particular verse isn't meant to be taken literally right and explains why right so if all of these things without the oral torah wouldn't make any sense it must mean that if you're gonna pay any attention in the written Torah you have to understand that every oral torah was given with it which we've explained it was Hashem when he told most of the Therese ed motion of write this down a word-for-word letter for letter no stop don't write this part down let me explain it to you explain that to the people when you give them the door it's not gonna be written down anywhere but explain it to them when you give it to the next generation right yeah we've explained already okay now we also talked about you guys I'm sure if the question of but didn't it get messed up over the generations right this game of telephone with people telling it's the fictional region we're not gonna repeat that now but we have discussed about why we are aware of that question and ever less can still believe in an oral Tara right we also discussed the question of why a chef did it this way one of the reasons we came was what anybody why does him do it this way why didn't you just write it all down so we said a few differences one of them is that you'd have to learn to use them from a person where you can learn Judaism from a book it must be learned from a living breathing person who themselves is trying to live it who learned it from somebody else who was living Torah right and therefore you learn not just information but you actually learned the way of life right that's one of the reasons why a chef did it this way okay now we said the oral torah was oral right it wasn't written down anywhere but as time passed did use were getting sent into exile and about the Year 200 C II and there was a real danger that the oral torah was going to be lost as people went out and ended up someplace where there was no Torah scholar around with no scholars who were around wouldn't have anybody to check with right they didn't have any technology that they could be in touch with each other if you ended up in a place because of exile you ended up in Babylonia or in Spain or in Morocco or anywhere else right you weren't going to have access to the oral torah so rabbi you know know so you came along and what did he do wrote down the oral torah for the first time ever and what was written in the what did he call his compilation of the oral torah the who somebody said it no that comes much later right we'll get there not in this class but we'll get there all right what what was it called the Mishna right and we mentioned how many sections was the mission of broken up into no good I would say it's very good that's right if anybody knows the song we sing at the end of the Passover Seder who knows one I know one but two who know six I know six six is the books of the Mishnah so what's the Mishnah the Mishnah is the written form of the oral torah okay now we mentioned there was so much oral torah that when rember you who don nasi was the rabbi earth is down but when he went around to all the different study halls and says i want all of your notes i would need to tell me everything that's ever been discussed in this study hall he ended up with way too much information to include so this is the bare bare minimum you could ever get away with calling a book of the oral torah right he just included the bare minimum it's very long at 63 volumes right and yeah it's the bare minimum of the oral torah that he could limit himself to writing down he also wrote it as we said in the code form right so that you still couldn't learn it on your own you'd have to be have somebody to show you how to learn a missional you couldn't judge it doesn't read like a text you could just pick up a novel and start reading right it stillson's got to be worth through and you got to know the system of how to study it so that's at that point the study of Torah has switched from studying written Torah with just you had to hear from somebody knew what they were talking about the oral torah - you could study the written Torah and now you can actually have a book in front of you to study the alright so to be studied right but it could you could snow sunny from a book now we said over the next 300 years as exile got worse even that wasn't enough because as we said having a mission home is only good if you have somebody around and could teach it to you right but what happens if I'm around and I don't know even how to approach a mission like it says these words but I don't know what to do with them right what does this mean this doesn't mean that and I use this word to know commit all those questions I don't know the answers to anymore so the rabbi's of the time 300 years later in about the Year 500 CE II went around in Babylonia and they collected all of the explanations people had given about the mission they went to the study office they said we know you've been studying these mission us every mission tell us all the discussion you've had about it and they collected it and they put that together in a book what's that called very good gemara and mission applause Kamara together equals Tom wood very good so you guys are now in the 1% of Jews across the world to actually know what these words mean right you I'm sure effort people say on your program in today and then your synagogue rabbi right stand up as well it says in the Talmud and everybody shakes her head and says OMA doesn't saw one right but now you actually know what the Talmud is the Talmud is the Mishnah and Gemara the Mishnah was Rabbi Yehuda Hanasi six-volume version of the Oral Torah the Gemara is a discussion about how what this mission of means each mission of most of the Mishnah has a section of Gemara that explains how the experts studied this mission and what information they got from it ok now I actually brought with me for you a copy of a page Talmud and we're gonna look at what it looks like and let's make to you what it is now before we start I'll just show you this is well you know what look at your sheet first okay this is a page of Thelma this is from the track that called cooling right which is about the water law most laws of keeping kosher are in this tractate calls cooling okay now if you look at you see this is the very beginning right so the first word is always in this very pretty box right that's just something the printing press did maybe there's some couple of stick to its significance to it but it really is just a way of making this the first page look nice although the first page of attracted has this right you see the word how cold in the box and then you see there's one two and almost a third line and then I marked it off there it ends and there's a big gimel and a big mem you see that what do you think get momentum stands for Gemara good so you've got what do you think comes what do you think this little section is here starting with the right hook hole it's a nice no right and then that recorded these this very short just three lines by the way this section in the middle is the Talmud now rounded is coming to explain what this soon but right this is the Talmud this little section these three lines is Mishnah and then it says gimel mem and we start at the gomorrah's explanation of this Mishnah right for example this missioner sucks with the red hot coal what does I call me and anybody know yes dick no fun good right how coal means everything or all so it's as a coal show fatty everybody can slaughter right meaning everybody that's what the words of the Mitchell say everybody is is eligible to be a slaughterer so if any of you are looking for professions internships right we can give you an internship as a ritual slaughterer yeah now so that's omelet says one second this code is very specific right it talks in very exacting language why does it say everybody can solder who would I have thought can't slaughter that it's coming to tell me that even though you would have thought they can't they can right because the mission doesn't waste words if it's telling me everybody could slaughter that means I must have thought everybody couldn't slaughter so whose you're telling me cans letter and then Gomorrah desserts discussing what does that word how call come to teach me right now that's the kind of thing that if I'm on my own and I don't know the system of how to learn Mishnah I might not know how to answer that question so that's why I have to see what did the rabbi's of this time very hid when they said it this mission and they knew what to do they knew how to study vision huh what did they come up with how did they answer that question what did they say the word alcohol comes included and they come and discuss back and forth possibilities right now this is a different track date which it just happened to bring with me this is the track they called Rosh Hashana okay it's about mostly the holiday of Rosh Hashanah all right so you see this is the first page again with a pretty box can anybody read what it says netbooks this is our bomb and it says this mission teaches us that there are four times of year that are actually called Rosh Hashanah is the obvious one or source other than their three other types for example two b'shvat is the new year four trees that's one of the four also right there four times a year that are called Rosh Hashanah so this Mishnah starts in his box and it goes down to here it's a longer missioner than the other one it's one two three four five six seven lines okay seven lines of Mishnah here and then we get commandment services the kumaras explanation of that mission right now the Camorra is the rest of this page all of this all of this [Music] so we get to hear it so up and at the end of this page all of that right this is page 15 B it's a minute that was on page 2a so those 13 pages are entirely Gemara explaining those seven lines of Mishnah right so 213 pages of explanation to explain the words that are in that one seven line Mishnah now for that reason when people are studying Talmud if you know any guys are in each Eva what do they say when you say what do you study in the morning they probably don't say I study tell them would they say I study Gemara right because for every seven lines a Vista every 13 pages of Gemara and then the vast majority of your time studying Gomorrah right there only little diamond sitting mission there the truth is you're always setting the mission up right cuz all the Gemara is is an explanation of those seven lines of wish now but there's so much information packed into the seven lines of Mishnah that it takes 13 pages when you double-click on the Mishnah to see everything that's in there all right so that's what the time what is the Talmud is the Mishnah and then all that information is packed into the Mishnah unpacking all of it and explaining it and we're trying to do is rewrite that what happened here when Moshe was given the tyre the oral torah by a chef so we're trying to arrive at something that is divine right written down here and then the explanation of everything down here we're really trying to understand what did have Shem say right now we'll talk about in a future class why it is that we have differences of opinion and and things like that if what we're discussing is what Hashem said to Moshe well that's not before right now we're gonna take that as a given yeah okay so this as I said is the Talmud now whenever you end up with it so many rights the Jewish text what's the next thing that always happens okay good but they argue sometimes even in even before that even in the text they argue right what happens once you have a text though what do other people's are doing writing commentaries on that text right we'll see this as we keep going through the history of what happens Jewish text every time somebody writes a text immediately people start studying that text I'm writing down their commentary their explanation of that text right so in every page of Talmud there are almost all time but there are two commentators that are on the sides one is somebody named Rashi we'll discuss Rachid later right and the other one is a school of people called toast posters yeah right on the top here right on this site this is the commentary of Rashi this is the commentary of Kosovo's right so if I wanted to study this page thelma but I would do is first learn the Mishnah then Syrah she's commentary on the Michelle then see if Josephus has any commentary on that other set of mines then move on to serve during in the Gemara with the commentary of Rashi and the commentary of tesla's right and all of it is trying to help me arrive back at trying to understand those seven lines of Mishnah which is really trying to portray to me what happened when a Shem said this again remember we talked about there's one line in the Torah that says and slider and I only should do it in the way in which I showed you this mission it was the oral torah at the beginning of the oral torah that goes with that right so this is what Hashem will understand what it does chefs say to mojo and he said don't write this part down let me just explain it to in your way into the next generation then eventually got written down the mission and explained in the Gemara and then even in Rashi and uh suppose I have to come and explain it more to me because as generations go on we need more and more and more explanation right okay now a couple more things about the Talmud again things you will have heard in your classes first of all I mentioned last time through two thousand seven hundred and eleven pages in the kumara in the Talmud right but what's a page only in Judaism TF asked what's a page you know what's a page right so you and I would call this a page right but not in adulthood what's a page good two sides okay this is one page how do we how do we how do we relate to it how do I tell you which page I'm talking about good a and B all right so this is page 18a and this is great 18 B right so when somebody hands you out a handout and it says at the top Tom would 18 a now you know what that means right it means it's something from this and we will tell you which attracted it is so this is directing Russia shot another the copy I gave you is traffic that cooling right so if somebody had to decide to you they would say I would say on the top Hulan this is page bet which means to a right so when you see something that now you know what they're talking about yeah yes this is one of the remember we said the Mishnah right breaks up into six orders right I'll write them on the board again there's rhyme you have this on your sheet actually on page one but so I am mo ad nauseum Nazim kocham and Tijeras we have one two three four five six now each of those six orders of the Mishnah or we call the shisha see Dre Mishnah right each one of those six orders of the Mishnah has under it misawa's which means a volume right I'm Isetta when a sample I'm essentially is one volume of the talmud and each one is categorized into these six categories right so under the category of moyen you have one of the MIS activist is Russian that's this right you know it was originally just the Meister know this is the Mishnah plus kumara which is the Talmud if I wanted I could have I could go get a copy of just the Mishnah from office after Russia show this is the mission is that Russia China with the explosion of the Gemara right so every tongue every page of salad is part of amis SAFTA and then the South Bay is part of one of the orders when as acid or even this one happens we mow it cool in the other one that you have the copy of is part of coaching all right so we find it under here right and that's where again you have page are you always a page number letter A or B tractate mistletoe right precisely track date volume won't mean the same thing right no we retract eat it's in English but it means was asked up right and then you could figure out which one of the six seed Ramos which one of the six orders is that tracked it in okay so we have again so so just to make it clear like we looked at page 18a and 18b in hebrew wait you know from up here that we use letters to show you numbers right what letters make 18 is a famous one very good I knew it right hi that's why if you go to a Jewish wedding or Burkitt's for something to go off and give checks into nominations of 18 dollars my wife had a friend a colleague who was not Jewish who said then they got married she asked my French said all her Jewish friends give us these really weird denominations of money like you know people come to a wedding leave you a hundred dollars if it's not Jews we gave like 156 you know like why 156 it's always a visible by 18 right we give numbers of 18 because 18 cents for Kai which means life right so buffet is actually backwards it's really you would fit right you it is 10 head to Z right so your defense would be 18 and then we do this that means a and that means B right so in Hebrew if you would see something that says right you never thought you could understand this right it says Rosh Hashanah you depends on the base what does that mean if somebody tells you this source that I'm telling you now is on pay is it is from Russia's honor you to class on the base huh 18 be good it means it's in the volume the track date the Meseta called Rosh Hashanah paid your debt which is 18 hey wait B right very good okay now one page one half a page like we you and I would call page this is called an a mood what are the two sides together called what I'll be good right but we have a word for them remember I said it's called a page has a page in Hebrew stuff very good so an owl mood is one side of a page right a DA is a double-sided page right very good that is hit assured all right very good okay so so to a few things about that number one if somebody says this is in Russia shut up Daffy you would assess um would B's right which is how somebody you'd hear somebody say it right this is from Urschel conduct Rosh Hashanah DAF Hewitt has a mood BAE's right means page side to right olive side one and bet or Bayes decide to write so that's how you'd hear somebody refer to it and I'm sure your teachers as much as they try to speak in English every so often that one of those slips out then somebody says it says my kumara brush and a few dice on the maze and you say I have no idea what you just said right anytime I tune it out and keep listening right well now you know and they just said is in Arizona that's the mistletoe right you would say it da-fu says that's Paige oh my babies we decided to write excited I live or bays or bed all right which is said 1 & 2 or a and B right okay now you may have heard of some people I mention this last time learn what's called da yo me what's da fiel me good it's adapt Yomi Yomi dnesday Yomi means daily right so the daily page is called the Daath you owe me there are people throughout the world who learned what's called DAF Yomi they learn one page it's on but a day right as I mentioned last time you can go anywhere in the world look in any Jewish calendar and it tells you what page that vo me is up to right so right now Davi only happens to be lured into the tractate the miss after called bava kamma I don't know what page they're up to but let's say they're on page 80 right so you could look at any Jewish calendar it would say da fiel me Baba kama 80 because they're on two sides doesn't have say hey or be right and all over the world they're learning that and if you're in a deaf you owe me class you can go to anywhere else in the world then you could sit in on their document class cuz they're learning the same page that you were learning in your in your town right this was about a hundred years ago it's came to popularity today all right I mentioned I was at the last time they finished all 2711 pages they have a big party the last one the biggest they were all over the world but the biggest one in the world was in New York in New Jersey in in MetLife Stadium all right I was there and there were a hundred thousand people there it was actually the biggest crowd they've ever had because they could see Thomas on the field too because there was nobody throwing a football around so so it was really a wild celebration and I was there with somebody who was there in that same stadium of the Giants the New York Giants won the Super Bowl and he said the celebration was greater at the Tomlin celebration than it was when the Giants won the Super Bowl it was crazy but he was dancing you can imagine what the stadium look like but so that's people who learn the Daath yo me they're learning a page a day right now this will take us back to what we've been talking about in in yeshiva when people learning Amara right they often don't learn to feel me they very often will spend the whole day learning one line right in these you've I learned and sometimes we'd learn about add a fam unthe not enough a day and that's half a day right he's been a whole month learning one double sided pages right I've one time in his niece Eva my rabbi gives seven classes in a row each of about an hour and a half to three hundred people right on one word there was an omission of right and after the seventh class he said listen we're gonna move on because I could tell people's interest is waning but you should know I don't think we've scratched the surface yet okay because we understand that the oral torah there's a view of enure we talked about that the oral torah is not a bunch of bullet points the Oral Torah is principles all right and there's an unlimited depth to that principle the greatness of the people who rent on the Mishnah and the Chimera is that they were able to capture a lot of depth in a few words or letters right and therefore we it's it's written with the intention that you should keep pouring at that word and pouring at that letter and trying to figure out what's packed into there there's a whole system of how you do that right so that's what we're trying to do when we learn we're not trying to just gather information it's not like reading right it's trying to pull out the information okay any questions on this so now we know what the mission is we're north of Mars we know what the talmud is we know what i miss at day is right we know what an mo da da da far right we know that a page is double-sided so 2711 by the way double sided pages right that's 5422 side well you and I would call pages right so right and we know what an omelette is you know what a DAF is you know how to read something like this so hopefully that helps us when you're gonna get handouts of things on it okay next time we're gonna talk about things like what the word meat rush means if you ever heard the word price all these other parts of the oral torah that we haven't discussed yet okay all right no problem alright so rationally that helps you guys [Music] you