The Halachos of Purim with Harav Yosef Yeshaya Braun 5786

Okay, this sh is and we're going to go through some of the of there are many different mitzvah that we do on purim. We're going to go through as much as we can go. Generally the month of tell us that just like when the month of of comes in we decrease our so the month of comes in we increase in sima it's a month that has a healthy masle and we can start our even from certainly now we're full a full stage of sim and part of that sim is to add primarily through adding and learning to and keeping mitz which is what we're doing right now so But we should be more informed for the of PUM that's coming up. This year Purum is unique. It's on a Tuesday. The fact that Purum is on a Tuesday means that Shab is before Purim. The sh which gives the to put is on the 11th of 11th of is where really when purum really starts we mentioned we start from the beginning of but the 11th of the Mishna says that under certain circumstances you can start reading the migill from the 11th of you read the 11th the 12th and the 13th and of course the 14th and the 15th which was purushim in this case our week shab starts the 11th we have the 12th and the 13th before purum then we have purum the 14th and the 15th shush puram And Thursday and Friday are unique days which the 16th and 17th of Purum which we'll talk about at the end of the even the days after Purum those two specific days have special significance. So it's a full purum week the shabas before pum which we mentioned is the 11th of is shab it's a shabas that we take at a second and the purpose of the second is the first one is for the par but the second for the weekly portion the second one is to read par there's a biblical obligation every Jew must hear the reading of zak to remember what a malik did to the Jewish people when they came out of Egypt kazal instituted we should read this with in a in a minion with 10 people from the shab. So the Torah tells us we have to remember what a Malik did to us. The ones that gave us the timing and the way to do it with a meaning of 10 people, 10 Jews, 10 men and Shabas before Purum. And the reason why it's a Shabas before Purum because we have the and the commemoration and the doing Shabas before Purum is the remembering the commemoration remembering Malik. The action happens on Purum. The day was the downfall of Hammon. If somebody hears the reading and doesn't understand what they're saying, he actually does not fulfill his obligation. You need to at least understand the theme, the general theme. And when listening, you should have a mind you want to fulfill the mitzvah of remembering a malik. The balk should have a mind that he wants people to be to fulfill their obligation. If you missed out a couple of words of this, as long as you heard the basic theme to remember and erase a malik's name, the general theme, that's fine. Do not say along with the valka just listen when he reads the Torah listen be quiet and just hear the reading. We the custom is that if we want to make a minion for a for although we need to have 10 men but we don't need to have 10 that didn't hear it's enough to have six that didn't hear this reading as long as they have a total of 10 people in the room but six who never heard the other woman many can maintain that woman also have the obligation of hearing if it's hard for a woman to go to so the custom is to be lenient and she will read from ash. In fact, there's an opinion that says that for a woman, it's even more lenient that she could wait until Purim and hear the reading of the Torah and Purim, which we'll talk about that in a moment. Someone who can't make it to actually does that. Men or woman, they should read from open to and read there. Some can maintain that after the fact if a person missed out they should hear the reading of the Torah on day before we read the migill we read it's a different section which talks about this is not say the reading of and if you read that you also could fulfill the obligation according to some opinions and as mentioned there's a strong argument to say that for women for sure it's okay if they hear the reading on that day so if they couldn't hear they can hear when they come to sh on pum They people who don't have a minion where they live they can't come to a place where there's a minion they should make sure to read the reading of zak with the with the tomb cancellation tunes that we do it when we read the Torah if they have a safer read it from a safe even without a obviously without a blessing before and after and they should have in mind they want to fulfill the mitzvah they should also plan that if they're going to have a min at least they'll read the reading of the pur of which as mentioned according to some opinions that also covers the obligation of reading about a Malik on this Shabas although it's a special Shabas but we do say the prayer of before Musf it's it's a it's like any other Shabas only when we bless the new month or Shabas which we would otherwise not say if it would be during the week do we miss this Shabas is normally said someone who wants to practice on this shabas to read the migill so should be able to be fluent in reading of the migilla on Purim. It's not called preparing from Shabas to the weekday. He's actually doing the mitzvah. It has it accomplishes its benefit already on Shabas. He's becomes fluent with the migill and he's learning Torah. That's perfectly fine. You practice on Shabas and reading of the migillas. After Shabas is over, we delvive in the coming week. Don't say the prayers of but this is not a regant in the sense that work is forbidden. There are some restrictions on work which we'll talk about but it is it is an after all a weekday and therefore kadesh are recited. Those who didn't say at kdes which could be already said from tonight if somebody didn't manage to say it's already mat shabas they should make sure to say the mat shabas and not push it off because it's it's pretty late in the month when we're preparing for purum we should take into account there's something called mtsa purum mta purim is to make sure that every single person fulfills the mitzvah of purim properly talking to people about this and doing something about it. Also, what we need to do is making sure that we have in every place a person that can read the migill day. They should also have reading the as we mentioned earlier, the section about a malik before reading the migill. People should have portions ready that they could go and fulfill the mitzvah coins to fulfill the mitzvah of giving to the poor. And if we could have in each place a summary in hopefully in in in the local language of the laws of Purum and the story of Purum that would be great. So we need to work on these days to strengthen our preparation for purim that every single Jew young and old children should fulfill purim in the in the fullest measure including children many children all children boys and girls and of course people that are have difficult circumstances special circumstances people in the army in old age homes orphanages hospitals prisons everybody should be able to fulfill the mitzvah of purim properly so that's one of the things that we take into account when we prepare for pur A few other pointers about pur and preparation and then we'll talk about pur and proper person has a migill and he wants to put the braus on the migillo put their name or put the uh some people want to put a stamp they got a sipher to check it that really shouldn't be written on a migill is like a safety even on the outside of the parchment it's not proper to write it's a parchment that's used for holy things and you shouldn't use it for things that are really not holy a lot of people have these fancy mishmonous plans how they going give food presents to different people and often you want to give put it in a fancy dish and this dish needs to be to needs to be immersed in the mikvah. Now, normally there's an issue. If you want to give someone a dish and you want to to it in advance cuz you don't want to be a nice person, why would I give them a dish? Now, they have to go through the bother putting in the mikvah. So, I'll to it for them. That could be a problem because when you bought it, it's actually not a dish which was made for eating. It's a dish which is made for business. Just like the person in the store, the owner who owns the store where they sell the hardware store cannot sell pre-toled dishes. And the reason you can't sell pre-to dishes because it's not a dish which is made for eating. It's not yet obligatory to be immersed. So too when you buy it, it's still not made for eating. It's made for you to give it a shall as a gift. So that some opinions maintain it's a problem to rely on immersing it, putting in the mikvah before you actually give the gift. But we still I want to do a right thing. I want to give it to someone as a gift. So what you could do is you can actually give make it become his the recipient's item. Once it becomes the recipients, I could tell you how do I standing in the store in the hardware store which has a mikvah located nearby. How do I make it become the recipients? Simply you ask someone else to pick it up on behalf of the recipient. So Mr. Goldberg wants to give Shalmanus wants to give a a present a a a dish to Mr. Silverstein. So Mr. Goldberg goes meets a third person in the store and says, "Can you pick this up on behalf of Mr. Silverstein?" Now this belongs to Mrs. Silverstein. Now I'll do a favor for Mr. Silverstein. I'll tell it for him. That's perfectly fine. If I'm going to buy dishes for many people, you need to have for each person. This is picked up for Mrs. Silverstein and this is picked up for Mr. Brownstein and and so on and so forth. With glass, which is generally more lenient, the idea of toying glass, there's room for leniency. Ideally, you should to have someone pick it up for each person. But if you have a multiple people, you want to give such a gift and you can't keep track who's which which gift am I getting for who. So you can have it that whoever it's going to be for it's going to be picked up for them with glass. There's room to be lean in that way. Now this is all about giving a dishman. This is a bit more complicated here. You're giving a dish with food in it. So now if I'm giving a dish with food in it and I'm buying it, I'm already using it for food. I'm putting a bunch of chocolates in this dish. On the other hand, I'm actually not planning to eat from it. I'm putting all these chocolates in this fancy dish and then giving as a gift. So best is if you want to avoid any problems don't put the food directly on the dish. Put it in a bag not not in in a small paper which is not really considered a separation in in in a external item that the food should not touch the dish. And then whoever receives it will table it. If you want to dapka put the chocolates on the dish there's room for leniency especially when it comes to glass. If you still want to table it for him, then the only solution is as we mentioned earlier, have someone else pick it on be on behalf of the recipient which is the right thing to do certainly in a case where you're afraid you're giving to someone who's not religious and you're afraid he won't title it. He won't immerse it. So give it to someone else to pick it up on his behalf now becomes his and then you could you could go and immerse it. Alternatively, you could use it first on a temporary basis as a as a dish. You might not want to use it as a gift afterwards. That might be the only concern. If someone receives a gift and it was previously already toydled and the they didn't go through this process of making it yours, ideally the recipient should to it again without if you don't know if it was to find out. If you can't find out as a recipient, you should t it again without. that it does get a bit complicated to your leniencies but I'm trying to discuss the ideal way how to do without getting into any problems another pointer about preparation for pur people bake a lot of cakes and kalas because they want to distribute it to now you bake a dough which is the measurement in which kala needs to be separated you're supposed to separate kala but what if you're distributing it to other people that creates a problem cuz when you distribute to other people then it's you didn't bake such a large dough cuz it's all going out to a bunch of different people. So, it's actually not considered as if you have the the full measurement. But if you're distributing it when it's still dough has a different what if you're making each for each you have making a bunch of small pieces of dough small that's makes it even more complicated. So the best in such a case is to separate kala with ideally. So in other words, if you have a case where you make each dough is going to go to another person, it's best to separate with ideally to avoid this entire shila. Make one dough which is a full measurement which won't be distributed and that you'll keep at home for your family and that's a full shea and then you make a bra and then that will cover everything else. Another point about kala is people receive from multiple different people. Now what happens if you have a bunch of different cakes and that combine together even after it's baked if they're of the same of a type that this they're not different types completely it's the same thing and they're in one dish it automatically combines. So I could put in a bunch of different in put keep them in one dish and now it actually becomes obligated even though I didn't bake them had a bunch of people send me just put them into one box. So the custom is if you put it in a fridge, you put in a freezer that doesn't combine for kala. But if you're putting into a dish, that could really be an issue that combines for kala. One other pointer in terms of preparation for puram standing before purim, we should think about there are people that actually need purim needs. They are lacking in so many different ways. There are people around us, the people that are far away. And in order for them to celebrate properly in an illuminated way, in a happy way, in a joyous way, in a way of rejoicing properly without any limits, they need other people's help. So we should work on trying to give even before Purim, help out all the people around us. Moving on to Purim proper, the day before Purim is called Tinus Esther is a fast day. The fast starts in the morning. You're allowed to technically eat eat until the break of dawn. However, if you went to sleep a proper sleep, proper sleep means it doesn't mean on your bed, but it means a sleep which is not like a temporary sleep that you're half asleep and half awake. If you went for a prop, not you went to sleep, you actually fell asleep and it's a fixed sleep. Then once you're sleeping, you can't eat and drink anymore because in your mind it's the fast is already started. Unless you stipulated clearly that if you're going to wake up, you should be able to eat or drink. If somebody always goes to sleep at night, he has a cup of water next to them every night and then after they go to sleep, they wake up in the middle of the night, they take a drink, you don't have to make any stipulation. Or the same thing if you wake up middle of the night to eat. But if otherwise, a person has to make a stipulation because once you actually went to sleep, that creates an early beginning of the fast. Either way, the within a half an hour to the break of dawn, you shouldn't eat a fixed meal. You could eat something because it's already the time of davening. You could it's half an hour before the time of ding. You can eat something light, fruit, vegetables. You could drink non-alcoholic beverages. If you want to eat misinus up to the size of the volume of an egg of a caba, it shouldn't be re even proper meals. Absent that point you can if you made a condition a stipulation the customs be stipulate both for eating and for drinking then you you can eat even after you slept. Otherwise you shouldn't be eating or drinking even if you drink a very small amount. You shouldn't be eating or drinking. If someone forgot and they ate but it was not yet the beginning of the fast but it was after they went to sleep that didn't they didn't lose their status of fasting. Although you're supposed to start already fasting, but if somebody ate before the crack of dawn and they didn't make the stipulation, they could still get an ali as someone else who fasts. The reason for the fast of tin tester is a custom. It's a custom that we treat as an obligation and according to some opinions, it's a serious obligation but originates as a custom. And the custom fasting is because in the time of the story of Purum the Jewish people fasted on the 13th of before they started the war. Because of that we also fasting some people say no they fasted there were three fasted Esther and all the Jews and shush and fast in the month of Nissan but we don't want to fast in so we do one fast on tinus Esther for that. The purpose of the fast is to awaken us to do tinus Esther is not the same type of fast. It's not it's not because something negative happened. It's to commemorate the miracle that happened then. But still the purpose of every fast is tow. We have to remember the purpose of the fast. As mentioned earlier fast starts a break of dawn which is over here couple minutes after 5 over here in the crown heights. Fast is over when three stars come out which is about a quarter after 6 616 something like that. Any child who's over baron basm is supposed to fast but it's not the same obligation like another fast and therefore there's case there's cases of leniency as we shall mention but if somebody is healthy and perfectly fine condition even if it's hard to fast the fast won't be harmful then obviously they're supposed to fast cuz that's a custom that the community accepting you shouldn't separate from the community's ways if you don't know if you have to fast or not ask a question ask a shila who does not have to fast women that are expecting women that are nursing Someone who had a baby within 30 days, someone who's not healthy does not have to fast and they eat regular meals. They don't eat with as we do only small amounts and drinking small amounts at a time. They totally not obligated to fasting. And the custom is they don't even make up the fast another day. Some people do make it up another day. Some people redeem the fast with money, but the custom is you don't even have to redeem the fast. They can eat, but they shouldn't eat publicly because it's disrespectful to the people that are fasting today. Unless we're talking about somebody whose life is in danger, there's no restrictions about eating publicly private. None of those restrictions apply. On other fasts, we say that if somebody is exempt from the fast, they still shouldn't eat delicacies. They shouldn't enjoy meat and wine. We don't find this about tiny neester. Nonetheless, it's good to restrict someone to eating and drinking to be part of the community. Brushing teeth is a problem on the fast even if you're not swallowing the water. But if somebody has a difficult time without brushing their teeth, they could be lenient, but they should be careful when they're rinsing their mouth. They should bend, tilt their head in such a way that they shouldn't swallow water accidentally. If someone ate on a fast day, they still have to continue fasting. They don't have to fast another day because this is the day of fasting. Unless they want to atone for the fact that they ate on the day of the fasted there. They're welcome to take that on as an atonement, but they don't have to fast another day. They should continue the fast on this day. And in d when they say anu they could still say anu but instead of saying answer us on the day of our fast. So that wouldn't be so appropriate. It makes more sense to say on this day of a fast not on our fast because after all the person did a fast. If a person ate drank less than the a very small amount or ate less than a which is it's hard to give a number for that. It's a date. Um and they ate it about the size of a matchbox and they ate it in in less than that amount and and that itself with less than the time of it they took a small bite. They that's not considered as if they they didn't fast. Not that you're allowed to do that but they're allowed to say in the regular way there's nothing to be concerned. The custom is that on a fast day we give extra in addition we're going to be giving a half a shekel as we'll soon talk about but we give extra. Think about how what we would have eaten on a fast day and the equivalent of that that we save money by not eating that should be given to poor people at night. Some people don't end up saving money because they eat whatever they would have eaten on the fast day plus they eat half the fast which just defeats the purpose medically uh etc. And the reward of fasting tell us it's sudaka. It's not the fast it's duck that you're giving to the poor people. This should not come from money. It should come straight out of your pocket. On the fast day during shaken says anu but he says by when he does the reviewing the repetition of the he says it between the he says but does not say only the after we say as part of ding as printed in the some people I going to be cooking on the fast day throughout the day for pur meals and they would like to taste the pur food to see if it's missing salt or spices so there's room to allow to taste a bit spit it out because this is for a mitzvah if it's not for the purpose of a mitz you shouldn't be tasting and spitting out I mentioned earlier the idea of mak is given before ma on the fast day to sodaka for poor people or for the needs of the shul and the custom is to give three coins commemorating three times it has the in the in the portion that talks about this commemorates the fact that every year they used to donate to the bas of other coins. So that in the month of Niss when they bring the sacrifice of the this will be new from new coins and not from old coins. When we so we commemorate that we give this we don't have a mind for atonement. That's not what this is about. This is a donation and as a form of what do we give? We take whatever is the local currency. When we find a currency which is called half half of a currency here in America people give half dollars. Some people prefer to use silver half dollars. There's an advantage of that and a lot of people don't have silver half dollars. So some shs the gab that run the sh have those silver half dollars. So we make a switch. We give them money to buy off the silver half dollars and then we give the silver half dollars for duck. If you don't have silver half dollars, you can give anything that's worth three half a dollars. Even better would be that you give a full full dollars and stipulate in your mind that half will be for the shekel of the dollar and the other half will be just a gift. somebody who didn't give maka shekele on tinus Esther. So we'll soon talk about after tester what to do but I want to talk about before tester some places had a custom that they started giving on the first of in some places on the 11th of some which is what people do when the fast and when the fast is pushed back when um depending on on the setup of the calendar could be on the 11th of when pur is on a Sunday some people say to give before why am I mentioning All of that if somebody for whatever reason can't give them on tight assessor they could start earlier using one of those dates but really it should be done on time who's supposed to give either people from 20 according to one opinion according to another opinion those that are age of 13 and up the mentioned that there's a Jewish custom that we separate give for ourselves and for our family means for the women and children some people even do for fetuses and the say that's the custom in all Jewish homes. Those who follow this custom, it's a common custom need to continue once they start this custom need continue this custom every year until their children reach the age when they become obligatory on their own. Now they're they're on their own. They're by mitzvah or 20 bing on the opinion let them give on their own but otherwise the parents have to continue unless the parents stipulate the very first time they're doing this this should be not with the force of a vow is a one-off thing they want to do with pleasure. But if you once you start and he didn't make that stipulation, you're supposed to continue every single year. The the Reb once mentioned in the it's a good idea to train children. They themselves should give mak from their own money. So we give them money in order that they should give malle which is different to what it says in in we talk about giving on behalf of our children. And then there's another idea having the children betrayed that they should give it on their own. a person missed out and didn't give it before ma the next chance some people give it by night but ideally the next chance should be purum day before reading of the migilla or even after reading the migilla if a person forgot to give before the migill reading and if a person didn't give it on purum there's still some there's still room to say that you should make it up after purum ideally before the month of and maybe even before the next year the month of m should not be used for even if the person is giving for the wife and has a custom to give for the wife kids. But if a person gave the amount that he's supposed to give and he wants to add to this, that's a whole different story. You could add money. So the is before then comes Mah is supposed to be ded early before sunset. Sunset is about a quarter to 6 and generally supposed to d before sunset. It's always an issue of people dinging after sunset. On a fast day it's even more complicated. There's there's which is problematic to do when it's already after sunset. There's which is said in in so we should have early in this as we have we have a special and in everybody says the prayer of unless somebody is not fasting because they're not well so they say somebody forgot and they ate as mentioned early even a child who's not fasting could say but instead of so the community says anu in the and says that as mentioned between and he also adds before there's no said at no after all it is in afternoon theb introduced a custom which theb said was customary in many Jewish communities and was forgotten that people should speak words of motivation to inspire people to do chuva and we should try to do this after say a few words or even a tim if you can do that at least think about the idea of inspiring a motivate thinking about these holy words to inspire people for chuva while the fast is over 6:16 I believe you still now eat before migill reading as we shall mention momentarily and people who are dinging m when the fast is over it' be worthwhile to say again is often for the mitzvah of which is to say at the proper time the it's Ideal the the fast is over at one stage which was called three medium stars for shama we want to be stringent for the three small stars and it's better after m is over it's better to say again shama or in this case after the migill reading before migill reading there's a bunch a number of restrictions one is not allowed to do work one is not allowed to sleep even if the plan to sleep only a tiny bit and this is from a half an hour before nightfall until after migill one is not allowed to eat even if it's hard because they're fasting and the lush and the price going to fill out tinus and the fast is difficult. That's eating. Eating is not the same as tasting. Tasting means fruits, vegetables, other non-mazinus foods, drinking non-alcoholic beverages all considered is not considered eating. Or even if a person eats misinus or hami but only up to the size of an olive, that's still considered tasting, not eating. tasting in a case of a great need where it's hard for a person to fast and they want to strengthen themselves in the weakness of the fast before the migill's room to be leaned with that. If somebody is weak and to wait until after migill will be harmful for him. Tasting is not enough. They need to eat. They're also allowed to eat but they have to ask someone else to remind them that they should not forget through being engaged in eating to hear the migilla. If a woman is fasting, her husband is in shul. She's waiting for her husband to come up from shul. She could be leaded as well with tasting as mentioned earlier. So there's so many foods out there that are substitute foods that are not that it's all considered tasting. One also should not learn before migillating because we don't want to get involved in something else which will make us forget the mitzvah. And then starts the day of pur which is one of the holiest days in the year which tells that no shabas and no y matches up with a special advantage that the great revelation of purum. We wish each other when they see them pur even sometimes many people wear shabas clothing in it says that was a custom of our to wear silk like shab and it's not necessarily a directive for the public but the customs a lot of people wear shabas clothing and in some places start already at night or even before ma to start wearing shabas clothing some people dress up there's a custom to dress up. The mentioned this custom and he said it's primarily done through children. In recent years, I've seen more adults worry about dressing up than children, but the said it's primarily done through children. And there is an issue about what you use for the costume. The costume shouldn't have any concerns of shness. There's there are pin that found lenencies with what we call shness dabon where it's only a rabbitic level of shness. There there were even pisk that qu that were considering allowing women wearing men wear women wear women wear wear women wear women wear women wear women clothing for the sim but many pisk right against this certainly if we're talking about before and after pur plays that are before purim the prim say that the hat that was given which is challenged by a lot of prim is on pur and not after purim or not before purim that of course wouldn't make any sense when dressing up make sure you don't when you're ding don't wear something which doesn't look appropriate to sound that in front of a king. Some people paint their hands. If there's no substance to the paint, just color know you don't feel anything. Then you can wash your hands like that for it's not it's not a barrier for so we are talking about the night of puring. We start as soon as possible. We we don't want to push the mitzvah of in our we addim and throughout all our of we don't announce make a an announcement before people should say because it's considered interruption but we give a bang in the in the people should remember to say and after comes kadesh to reading the migill if somebody forgot alanism they don't have to d again migill It could be read all night until the break of dawn. Although some people say it's better to do it before midnight, but you allow to technically read it all night. There's something called it's always not a good idea to push off a mitzvah. The early you do a mitzvah is better. It's the right thing to do. If someone can't wait until it's night. So it's not so simple you read after sunset. You really have to wait till it's nightfall. But if somebody's unwell, if somebody's elderly, in desperate situations, we can be lenient. If somebody is really stuck what we call a makus where person has no choice then it might even be room to rely on the opinion they can read even before sunset for the time called which over here would be approximately I have written down 438 if you can't read afterwards but if somebody read then and later have an opportunity to read again when it's the the real time they should read again the migill just not make so it's that serious if there's an old hom and they're not letting you come later okay so you'll read it earlier The custom is that even by night we have a c we celebrate purum and we have somewhat of a meal. It's important to have a set table with candles. Although some have a custom not to eat meat to indicate that the real mitzvah the suda we don't fulfill the obligation of sudas put them only by day. So they to show that distinction. Some have the not to eat meat at night. And again those who did not do yet that's the last night for at least level so they should do the whole night of pur as a possibility to do when people go to sleep the night of pur they don't say in the sections of before retiring the sections of they do say only on shabas we have to do we skip those sections comes the day of pur the day of pur has multiple mitzvah that we have to do but before we get to at the the the mitas are supposed of the day of the pur are supposed to be done from sunrise which is about 6:25 6:26 till sunset which is about 5:49 5:50 something like that 10 to 6 that's time frame in which you could do the mitz of pur of course don't forget to say the shama in the morning in the right time for men should be said by a quarter after 9 mentioned that on purum we wake up early to go to shul earlier than any other It's one of those days that is one of the hashkum. It's the days that we wake up early. Before migill reading, we're not supposed to eat by day as well. On the contrary, the reading of the day is even more serious than the reading of the night. Drinking. There's room to be lean to drink. Of course, it's not an alcoholic beverage. And if somebody is really stuck, they can even taste as we mentioned tasting means fruits and vegetables or even mazis up to the size of an egg. But otherwise, we don't eat before me eating. Some are very particular. They don't have a proper meal before doing all the mitzvah of the day. The customer is to be lenient that they can eat your meal beforeman. But if you want to do it before the meal that's great. So like this you'll remember to do all the mitzvah in davening we don't say and although the mitzvah are normally done after to the poor after dinging that's the time but if you see poor people of course you're not going to hold back from giving them. Anytime a person asks you for money, you shouldn't unless the person is asking you every 5 minutes or every day. But there's a concept called don't respond empty-handed to a poor person. And certainly on Purim when we give to everyone before even before he give to people after we do our we read the section of and as was mentioned earlier if somebody didn't hear now is the time to make up for that we should hear this para and even if you did hear this is a very important part of reading the Torah and commemorates his greatness of raising Malik. This is more important than any other reading of the para. If a person can come to a minion and he's reading the migill at home, he should read the section of with the if he can after reading of the Torah before they even put back the read the it's worthwhile to be particular and not to open your mill before they put away the Torah completely and roll it up as respect to the Torah. And we don't take until migillah has been finished reading. Those who didn't give yet the now before migill is a time to make up and give the when we make a migill the of which was said during by night and by day but during the day we have a we have an opportunity to do the mitzvah of but we also have a mind all the other of the day presence of food gifts to the poor and the pur and after the migill we proceed with etc and we put back It's a busy day. Make sure you don't forget what has to happen that day amongst the different things. Don't forget to it's important to have a don't forget the daily etc. Usually people set up their to be done before. Some people have the earliest possible in order not to make any any um get stuck and forget to have if someone is very very busy on Pum and he has no time is due because he doesn't have time to eat a proper meal. He could eat a meal in the morning and he can still fulfill the mitzvah and eat a small meal in the morning of breakfast. Work is not done on pur. If somebody does work on purum, they will not see a blessing. It says in forever from the work they do working the night of this doesn't include the night of pur most say the night of pum work is permitted and if somebody is leaning they won't lose out something stringent they get a for being stringent work through a go is permissible unless we're talking about a public work like building a house and in that itself there's room for leniency under certain circumstances. Light work is not considered work. Work that doesn't take any time and involve it. But whatever you do, make sure doesn't keep you busy that you'll forget about the of the day. And the work that's done for the purpose of purim, a work of work of a mitzvah is okay. Even selling and buying is okay. But don't get that take away from the purim. Some people are strict and they don't open their stores unless they need money to be able to bring home to eat a per meal. Washing laundry in the laundry in the machines that we have today is not a problem. Pudd it doesn't take time doesn't take that much involvement as long as it doesn't take away from the sim put them taking haircuts graces you put him better you could be leaning cutting your nails and all of that I want to go through the various mitzvah of the day each one one by one and explain the associated with that we spoke about hearing the migillah the mitzvah of hearing the migill is twice once by night once by day the day mitzvah is until sunset if a person is stuck right before sunset and the migill reading will go past sunset then you should read it without a braha. Children should also be trained to hear the migillah. The custom is it's a good custom to bring young boys and young girls little kids to sh to hear the migillah. We bring even very little ones as long as they don't disturb. Parents should make sure that their kids listen and don't disturb the reading the migillah the preferred mitzvah to read hear the migill which is a lot of people at least there should be a minion although you could strictly speaking according to the mitz less than a minion but we should try to go have a minion and even more in a big place where there's a large shul if somebody has a set sh that he always goes to he doesn't have to go to a bigger sh because of the mitzvah of bam having a large crowd when reading the migilla we take take the migilla and we fold it in three sections each each um each parchment so it's folded one on top of each other three sections our custom is those who hear the migill reading do the same before reading the migill and if somebody forgot the after reading the migill there's no shaky made anymore it's appropriate to stand when these brahas are being said while the migill is being read. Although some people have a custom to stand too, but there's no obligation to stand when the migill is being read. The person is reading is having in mind to fulfill everybody's obligation. If somebody wants to make his own braas, but he's reading the migill himself from a koshill along with then he can make his own braas too. Listen to the don't say you're fulfilling your obligation with those. Only say amen. If you came late and you missed the brahas, they start the braas already, say it fast quickly that you'll finish them before they start rigging the migillah. If you didn't manage and you came and they just started the migill and you missed the braus. So if there's a a pause somewhere in the middle when the people say the hood out loud, you could say the then if you're middle of you should not stop to listen to hear the migill. I spoke about people coming late. What happens a person comes to and he realize he didn't say he should not hear migill before the saying if a person's under a lot of pressure he won't be able to hear the migill later so say only the the most important of all the he'll say all the other later if for whatever reason the person said of which is somewhat of a substitute of he forgot that certainly would suffice but if a person is stuck I come I came they already finished the I need to and say the and I got to rush to all of that. So he what he might want to do is start reading from his that he has in front of him because he allowed to read if as long as he's not reading most of the migill a full section you're allowed to even read it from a it's not ideal however it's best of course to hear it later even if you can miss out hearing from a minion and hearing in a manner that you're not the spoke about this also meet without if somebody's stuck and it's right before sunset then migill does not push the side of mitzvah which is a mitzvah in the somebody who's heard the migill already now he's making reading the migill for other people so only the people that are listening to the migill should make one of them will make for everyone and have in mind for everybody else or one man for other one woman can make for other women too if the person people listening do not know how to make and the person reading will make a unless he's reading for people that he's worried they're not going to listen to the whole to the whole migill then he shouldn't make a he shouldn't ask them to make Ladies who make a bra say instead of I'll make a migill and some have the custom they say I'll make a migill whatever your custom is. If you're reading for other people and you need to stop in middle and is an important need and you already the migillow to stop and you're allowed to sit while you're reading the migill. A lady is not supposed to read the migill certainly not to be made to other people. She's supposed to hear from a man in desperate situations. She doesn't have who to read the migilla for her and she knows how to read the migilla and she has a kosher migilla then she reads it herself but if she later has a man that can read it for her she should hear later from a man you cannot hear the migill through a phone through a radio through a microphone and people that have hearing aids should take them off before reading the migilla they could either stand very close to the balkura join a special meeting for for hearing impaired people have a private meeting at home a private reading at home if you cannot can't hear yourself without hearing aids then you'll read without a braha. If a person can't hear anything and the only way he can listen is through a hearing aid to put on the hearing aid but in such a case such a person would not make the same thing applies to koshi implants migill by day is more severe than migill at night and who we don't doesn't have a full beard should be strict and not read the migill for other people by night unless it's for women which is room for lenency by night it's not a problem we're stuck there's no one else they can read so we get even boys to read the migill even for men there's A bunch of is about mistakes in the migill and in the purum guide that we published we actually published a migilla with common mistakes that people make and some words could be significant meaning in the difference a significant difference in the meaning and that creates a problem and a person might have to read the migill all over again if they missed out certain words or they read it incorrectly so we should get a bal who knows how to read properly and he knows the properly also you're not supposed to talk from the first of migill until the very very end if somebody if the bala spoke That won't be a problem. But if the person spoke, person was listening, then he can't hear at that time. And if you didn't hear the person doesn't fulfill his obligation. If you have a kosher and you know to read it properly, you could read along with the person reading with the in a way that you it's audible to you but not audible to other people. It won't disturb other people. If you don't have a koshill, don't read along. People will pay attention to you or you'll pay attention to yourself. you won't be able to heal the alka properly also and you won't be because you're focusing on your reading not's reading if a person read some of the migill a small amount he is therefore if somebody's following from a printed you don't read along but if you missed out a couple of words a couple words less than half the migill you could catch up quickly from in a way that you actually get to say those words in a way that you can actually hear it and catch up to where the mak is up to don't catch catch up while he's continuing to read because then you're not reading in order. So you have to catch up to the place where he's up to. You need to hear every single word in order. If you missed out one word, you're not. If he missed out a letter or the letter was swallowed, that could also sometimes be a problem. When the four suk said out loud, we should say it fast so that we should afterwards be able to hear a balka. There's the banging of hmon and the balkkar should really wait until people stop making noise. If he doesn't wait then read it to yourself in a way that you can hear it the word hum again because you couldn't hear the word or the word afterwards or at least it's important not to use these dangerous stuff fire poppers or whatever it is in shs they're dangerous for people's ears eyes and other dangers already bring this meaning in many communities they made a rule against these things they used to announce ins shouldn't be done even if it's not dangerous It's harmful and they may used to they made rules that people shouldn't even sell these things. If people are wearing earplugs, they have to make because it bothers them the noise. They have to make sure they actually hear the migill properly. The after the migill is only said when you have a minion. It is not said when there's a person a private migillary when there's nobody there. If somebody's lean, there's room for leniency to include women and children in this minion. But that's if they're present, not if they walked out a middle a middle. They have to be the be the for the reading the had a meaning that they would make a even when there was no minion but the strict to have a minion we make the on after the migill and then we roll up the migill the would sometimes start rolling before and continue before the and continue afterwards if you don't know if you've missed a word or not so if it's not a real concern yeah you have a far-fetched doubt you can assume that you heard the word if there's a genuine doubt But if it's by day, you need to hear again the migillah. If unless it's a word that doesn't affect the it doesn't affect the change the meaning by night you could certainly be lenient and with woman is even place to be lenient even by day. If you don't know if you made a mistake, if the bal made a mistake, same same rules apply. Someone who will not hear the migillah does not make on the day. If person wants to they can get a new garment and make a new fruit a new garment and also for the but otherwise we don't make the there's another called every individual men and women children once in the age of or maybe or if we're in doubt if they reach the age of even poor people have to give on pur not the night before purum not the night after purum on purum day to two poor people money or something that's worth money and has to at least the value of aut now that a silver silver recently just went up a nickel is no longer counted from slave needs to be at least 7 cents for what I just checked just today that's the minimal amount of course you should give as much as possible give as more and give to more pe more poor people if you can't find a poor person you can give it to someone on behalf of the poor people and it's important to you can give it to or or if you don't have a go to another person and ideally The poor person should run his money for him. If he can't even do that, put him tok but will that it should go for for poor people eventually and some people because that's problematic some people give before Purim so it should get to poor people on Purim which is so at least you cover your bases always anybody doesn't have enough food to sustain himself and his family is considered poor. Women, married women, children that are eating at home should not rely on the parents on the father and the husband giving they should give their own. We're not particular about pur money. We give whoever asks. So is the mitzvah and it has to be poor people and Jewish people. But otherwise we give we give in abundance we give to anyone. The custom is on Purum we give money to to the religious employees to the to the to the to these people looking forward now this is not they're not poor people but it's such a custom as well writes that it's better to do much more than to than to increase in the greatest is to to bring happiness to the poor people to the orphans to the widows to and that person does that he's compared to That means you don't give yeah I know this is exactly worth the proof we give extra people give so spent so much money on fancy foods for the meal and then let's look at how much was spent on which be much more than all of that you cannot use money for unless you want to add to the basic obligation and if it's after sunset and person forgot he didn't do didn't do then do it before nightfall The mitzvah of also men, women and children once at the age of we don't know if they reach the age of on day not the night before not the night after to give at least to one friend man to man or woman to woman to adults it's not adult should be given to adults not to children at least to one person two types of food two types of food which are ready to eat right away an apple and a candy cake and celzer juice it doesn't have to be for brahas as long as there two different types of foods. A salad is considered one food. Um even it's a salad with croutons. Bread and a dip it possibly is considered one food. So we should look for something that's really considered two different foods. And this purpose of this is to increase friendship. The more you give to people is praised especially for people that don't have things. You should give them something that they would eat from a cautious point of view, something that's healthy that they or that healthy for them that they're allowed to have it from their health perspective that would give to three people and his idea of giving extra. It doesn't mean you should exaggerate as mentioned earlier. It's more important to increase given to the poor people. The main idea is not to show that show off that you're wealthy, not because that's the right thing because everybody does it. is to increase friendship or to help people that don't have what they people that that really need us. Some people have a custom da to give sweet food. Some there's various different customs that people have about some there's a custom people don't thank for shalas. There's a custom to give back if someone gave you. But it's questionable if you fulfill the obligation if you're giving back to someone because you have to give back to them cuz you're you're just responding to what they did. It's important that the person that receives shalas knows from who they got the shalas. Married women, same story. Children should not rely on the on the husband or on the father. They should give their own shalas on their own. Giving a shalman in partnership is a beautiful idea, but it needs to make every person has to do their own mitzvah of the custom is to use a a messenger to pass the shman. That's a custom. It's not an obligatory. And some people have a custom that they give a gift to the person the messenger that gave the so when I get a guy gave me I give him a gift. So that adds in the friendship and increases friendship the messenger could be a child doesn't have to be an adult. If you send a message asked some before pum that I'm pur he should send shahmanas for you and you order from a store over the internet that's fine you can do that as well. You cannot use my money for shakman e not only for the basic requirement for the extras as well. Each one of should be at least it should be a kaz in each. You should make sure not to give non wine to someone who's not religious. Someone who you don't know if he's going to make a you give him but don't give him something that he has to bench on. Don't give him don't give him and ideally you should write the appropriate someone who's mourning in the year of mourning or within for other relatives has to give but not fancy things and not to many people if they always give to two three people two three people is fine if should not be sent to someone who is mourning you could send to their family members if somebody sent you allowed to receive the shahmanas and you're allowed to give back shahmanas as per custom the same way if somebody greets a mourner or he's allowed to respond. The same thing if someone gives him shalas, he's allowed to give it back. If you someone lent you money, that's a question of interest. You shouldn't really give them shalas unless you always do it all the time and you're not doing it because he lent you money and not why you're paying them back. Poor people also have to give shakman. If they don't have shalas, they have whatever they're going to eat and they switch with someone else. If the person is not home when you're giving him the shakman and he's come back after puram, it could very well be you didn't fulfill the obligation. He never got it. We don't have to check that the made it to the right place or the mat. We assume we sent someone and made it there. And finally, there's the final mitzvah of the mitzvah of eating the pur is a day of happiness, rejoicing. We don't eulogize. We don't fast. We celebrate and thank Hashem for all the it's greater than we need to eat at least one meal on families get together and they eat together. If you if there's a communal it has to have all the rules of but otherwise people eat at home with their families and get together with friends. If somebody is mourning, he's an in year of mourning and he normally eats sudas put by other people, he's allowed at this year join other people. And even if he normally eats at home, sudas put. But if they invited him and they'll be upset if he doesn't come, he's alone. It cost too much money from his room to be lenient and go and eat out. Even if he normally doesn't do that, but a mourner should not dance um even by by the meal unless he dances or he's at home in his own home. And now he's dancing again and it doesn't look like he's mourning publicly. Then there's okay he could dance at home if it looks like it's a public morning. If he's not dancing he should dance. We mentioned earlier that early with and only later we do the meal. The meal starts after midday towards the end of the day because we're so busy with all the mitzvah and the customs. We continue the meal into the night. Although you could do the meal in the morning. Most of the meal should be done by day. Most of the meal either time wise or an amount of food. At least we should eat a caba the size of an egg or at least the size of a kazaya half an egg. the volume of before if a person did not eat a kaz they didn't before they really did not fulfill the obligation and they don't say we should rejoice make sure we have a full proper meal with nothing missing and have candles in the way of we should wash we should have meat fish ide is all ideal stuff and even a woman who has to go to the mikvah the night after pum is allowed to eat meat as long as she cleans her her mouth and her teeth well the customers teeth crep Purim and one of the foods we don't pur is which is usually mazinus and even if the dough is dough if the filling is the primary ingredient then it's primarily made for as a delicacy the isus people normally send foods to other people put them during the meal normally if you get new food in the meal that you weren't planning that might be a question of making it but pum it's a normal thing if it's included in the ham before we start the meal we start learning before we start the meal made a rul that people every should talk that nest and pur we're supposed to talk about the nest of pur learn actually pur is 30 days before pes when we start learning the of pes and we start thinking about giving people who need to have money for pes and distrib etc our customers 30 days before pes we don't need mat and that starts already on pur and there's a bunch of which start 30 days before pes there's an obligation for men not for women woman are not supposed to drink wine in front of men. They shouldn't be drinking a lot of wine. But for men, there's an obligation to drink and put and it says until you don't know the difference between cursed and blessed as according to some opinions, it means at least drink more than normal. Whether you drink a lot or a little as long as your intentions are for the that's the correct thing to do. But you have to be careful. You wash, you make a bench, you should make a proper if somebody is weak. If somebody knows wine will harm him. If somebody knows if he drinks he'll affect how he treats a mitzvah or ding he'll become lightheaded and won't behave properly. He should not drink. There's a question of drinking should be wine or other alcoholic beverage. Sometimes they never spoke about the uniqueness of using wine. If you drink wine in a meal you make a you don't make a after because it's included in mentioning but it's a food wine. So on Shabas we had if we don't make a but in we don't have kesh. you drink wine, you make a brah in it. Vodka, whiskey, which is a normal thing that people drink in a meal, we don't make a braha on it. I want to mention something about wine in general. There's an opinion that says that a wine, the sh of is less than other drinks, even a kaz and therefore one should be careful not to go in this to drink if you drink very very little wine is fine or you drink a full anywhere in between is a question of it's not relevant if it's a middle of a meal but outside of meal this could be relevant. And they often see is everybody wants to taste from the wine leftover wine of the cup and people go into if a person's father told him not to drink he's to listen to his parents the spoke that it's obvious that does not negate any no positive commandments or negative commandments certainly doesn't allow people to speak negative things about people lifting up their hands the spoke about is how this it could be harmful when people drink the spoke about the ga of mashka that the rule that made against written mashk and the limitations applies in puroso. People should be careful about this. Those before 40 and even those after 40 could minimize on their mashkin. Mashim should talk about this and the spoke about not you should be careful about yourself and make sure other people too. Alcohol could sometimes cause poisoning. It could be dangerous for people that are driving. Parents should be aware of the various dangers of alcohol. Pur by night the night after pur we make a faban and whether during the meal or after the meal make after the puram if you start the meal by day you continue into the night as long as you ate a kaz in the beginning of the meal before sunset then you say in benching as long as you didn't in between if you didn't eat a kazay then you can say alanim we already mentioned earlier really you should eat most of the meal including the meat you should eat by day at least At least they should eat a kab or at least a kaz when it's still daytime. Say that the right thing is to do is to bench sail on isim and then go to never mind and then you can celebrate as long as you want. If a person goes too far in their meal until midnight don't forget to say sh don't forget to d and the purpose of pur is not to mess things up. The would go around spoke about this many times. He would put on get dressed up and the night of pur and tell people remind him to da m. There's a mitzvah of MV's a time for MV and if people missed the time you're supposed to ideally you're supposed to made a rally you're not supposed to do it after midnight if you missed after midnight you can read it afterwards but afterwards if it's m afterwards that could be a problem some people miss out miss out which I'm not going to go through right now is a day of celebration we're supposed to use that whatever we missed out on and we increase in our throughout the entire month every day more and more and more and more on the in fact after pur we get from The gul of get closer to the g of in many it talks about the advantage of the days after the 16th and the 17th of because the questions whether those are days we could read the migill so the fact is a question the gar if we could read the migill on the 16th and the 17th of so there is some type of association in fact after the se when you you're not allowed to read the migill on the 16th and 17th because it says only 14th and 15th but after 16th and 17th there's no question of adding to the mitz because there's not even a question about reading the migill then so you can do whatever you want then so that's unique about the 16th and the 17th and in fact when purum falls out on falls out on a shabas in they celebrate pur on the Sunday which is the 16th so as mentioned in the beginning of this year this year is unique we start shabas before on the 11th of the first day that we could potentially read the migilla and Friday the last day of the week is the 70th of which is still in association with from the Adamant