The Evolution of Rosh Hashana from Tanach to Modern Times (part 2)

okay so a short summary of what we did uh last week we spoke about the evolution of beginning of tanak starting with the story in t describing as a day of learning Torah reading Tor rejoicing eating drinking sending to each other and definitely there is nothing about K doeses not mean that does not exist but it was not mentioned and then we spoke also about uh the origin forar for for blowing thear and for the with the trumpets and uh now we are on page seven uh not seven page seven we did page uh eight page eight page eight under the under the title of sh becomes what of judgment so the first uh the first time that we see it in sa kazal that we see it in in Rabin liturgy it's uh really in the second century it's around the second century in the TOA uh regarding the TOA I think we spoke about it once that there are few opinions when exactly this TOA was comprised was it at the time of the mishna maybe some of it was even prior to the mishna and some people say it was after the mishna even in the time of the amim at least in the first first uh period of the amim which is around the thirr century but it's not here or there basically let call it the second century so the says like that everyone is being judged [Music] on so according to everyone at least T says everyone is being judged on R which by the way says what it's not only a Jewish holiday it's a Universal day it's a universal day everyone everyone includes everyone and your judgment is being signed and sealed on yum kipur y Kip is not a day of judgment it's a day of what of signing okay it's a day of that's according to that's true I agree with that everyone is Judge and there's no deadline for the signatures everyone is being signed according to his deeds according to God's calculation there's no one day of signing on P you are being judged on the Harvest what is on the trees on the water whoa so that's the third opinion and the third opinion agrees with RAB the first T regarding that day for the zardin RAB a person is being judged every day not only one day a year laim and you will judge him or you will take an account of him every morning laim every day now the problem with this mishna is that we don't really have source for it yet we have a m we have a dispute regarding what is the day of signing there is also a m between how many times you are being judged so if I would oh very good okay yeah it's even clean right so if I would look at this at this TOA the TOA is basically bringing us to yeah it's interesting you know what maybe I'll I'll do it like that RAB right RAB we have rabuda we have what I will call stage number three and then we have rabi Yosi right so rabi mayor says so you know what maybe I'll just put it like that H why not okay okay hold on TOA let's go one by one what is everyone Universal okay do I need to write in English or no day of judgment for everyone the kulam Yip is for everyone okay for everyone what about the other things we don't know I'll put a question mark I can only prove from things that are written not from things that are not written so I will put a question mark what about K what do you think RAB mayor will say about everyday's judgment we will probably going into what did you say I'm sorry he said that's no I'm talking about judgment so judgment it seems to be that if I say that it comes to tell me that this day is a specific day of judgment what about the other days seems to be not now it might be that it's not for kulam not for everyone but only for few people so I will do a question mark and a maybe which means it might be no or it might be a maybe with K every day is not for everyone it's only for the people that God like or the people that God islike okay whatever it is but there is one day it's Universal and the other days might be only for a specific group okay Rud r is what he agrees what is yip it is a day for signing but not for everyone okay we'll put it not for everyone okay not for everyone so this is interesting aha now so that's interesting by the way how do they know but let's that's that's a different chart okay what about same thing okay I will put the same thing and maybe okay stage number three and I called it stage number three for now it might be Ruda okay and he says P which but mosha why do why I do not fully agree with you what do you think why you don't agree I think you should agree [Music] now okay very good what you said is very logical very logical but it's also illogical in terms of structure and that's why I can't agree with you fully what do I mean by that I will claim and in a minute I will also prove it to you you will see it lightly in the the TOA but you will definitely see it in the mishna later on um and that's why I gave you a little bit of a background of about the TOA was it written before the mishna after the mishna as a commentary to the mishna okay so those are the three main options we have a structure right you with me says this is the way y this one and then we have other things that R didn't talk about now it made sense that why that rabuda talks about judgment so he will speak also about the other things however I would say that logically I would say how if it was from the words of ofuda not saying that it's not but if it was 100% I will structure the says that what that not everybody's on Yip so we obviously we have a problem here because it says no the third stage I'm saying to Moshe if the third stage was Ruda he will have a what a contradiction okay yeah but what did he say before everyone according to his time not only young people no no no you can play with the TOA but not be so creative okay okay so the stage number three says what so doesn't talk about it right what do you say uh Na okay Yip no no no here we do have sorry we do have I can okay here yes for sure when according to their time like you said that on R sh there is now I don't know if stage number three believes in this one or not but he says that there are specific times for General things like water food and so forth they have set dates so yes what about k no idea does not talk about it says so what about also because it's it's another day but it's a day so it's true you know what isy Clutch half truth because it's only a day part of the 360 other four days of the year that person is being judged what does he think about y Kip no idea no idea no idea yes for sure okay now when I look at the structure now I'm not talking about meaning I'm talking about structure it seems to be that there is something very interesting that stage number three agrees with RAB May on y kip but does not say anything about R and the of stage number three is about what which by the way reminds us if we know a little bit about we know one of the most famous that what right we have for that P for that for that and this is sounds very one of two things that might be the original or that might be the copy and there was some kind of a mistake in the copy itself right when they copy and paste though what might be a mistake because stage number three does not belong here because if I'm asking regarding the question between rabi May RAB Yuda and RAB Yosi this stage number three has nothing to say about only one thing that onip it's everyone is signed okay I heard it from RAB mayor already okay he has nothing to tell me about R and he's telling me nothing about all of that about about the other things I don't care this was not my issue at all and rosi has something to say Obviously now so that's the TOA remember the TOA I will leave it here now take a look at thei the at the end of page of page eight says like that e t Tani some people are uh listing it in the in the mishna k k everyone everyone is being judged on no that's what it says first opinion don't get too excited it's okay to have different sources okay and this is the beauty of it open your mind don't have don't remember now anything from ganet margarit okay or whatever her name was okay leave it she quoted the regular mishna but we are looking for the sources so TOA you have three different opinions regarding our question and in thei one opinion says that we didn't find it in the TOA that the day of judgment and the day of the signing is on the same day which is now just as a side note Yip is a day of what that's one component now don't quote me that the Rabbi says we don't need to fast obviously we okay it's called it's it is Yum but is Yum Kip what is Kip Kar it's a day of atonement atonement is not necessarily judgment even sometimes contradicting judgment in order to create atonement so therefore the first opinion in the Yushi suggests that it's all done on the only now by the way it also makes sense logically you know when a Court gives his decision it it's not being implemented immediately there is time even if you send someone to prison you don't send him to prison today you put him in and then he goes through a process and then you put him in prison so it means it it seems interesting there is a day of judgment the judgment is there now you have 10 days to what to repent and to appeal and to try to change God's mind and then you will what you will achieve the atonement sounds pretty good however there is another opinion everyone is being judged on and the Judgment itself the the signning the signatures are being done for each one of us when oh so that's obviously rabi mayor and rabi mayor so that Accords with RAB mayor the first opinion is not mentioned in the TOA the second opinion in thei Accords with rabi mayor with both sh everyone is being judged on R sh and also everyone is being signed when on Yip if you turn to page nine there is another opinion of thei what do you think only two e t t and again there is another opinion that listed in the the M what everyone is being judged when on according to their time which Accords with okay now so that was thei now take a look at the B and I made your life little easier and I said to you already we are going to meet five opinions and take a look at the structure the everyone is being judged on got it everyone is being judg SOA is that part of Ruda now on one hand it sounds that it should be like Ruda why because don't look at the rest just look rabi May rabi UDA rabi Yosi rabi Nat meaning there is like a title for the owner of that statement by that specific Rabbi it's missing here but it also a bit of a problem to say that this ofuda why because it says unless we take M's suggestion when I say what is now I'm going to list for you what everything that is under that list which means so Adam according to Ruda he will be signed when which means Ruda and rabi may do not disagree at all at all for Adam for Adam for the rest of it we don't know maybe RAB mayor agrees with him he does didn't say anything about it okay so we now we have two options to understand Ruda we can view him as what as a disputing opinion regarding yum kipur or we are saying that they both agree and the only the only new thing ofuda is what is about the other things okay r oh so sorry for the minut because we have that says there are four times in the year that the world is being judged now we saw the TOA we saw thei now we see and we see M now it's an interesting thing because RAB isma basically says what how did he start when he composed his he started like that there are four times a year that the world is being judged P shot and then you have P Harvest sh trees sukot water and R is for the four people and the day of of will be what will be y y okay history rishma was the bar pla of whom of R AKA now we know we know this what we have that RAB AKA was murdered around 135 okay he was tortured to death at the end of the Bara Revolt RAB also was killed at that time we know for sure that rabi may rabuda RAB Yosi RAB Natan all came after becaming Scholars I'm not saying that they were born after some of them were RAB aka's students but they came after after that statement of RAB isma and despite of what RAB ishma says and which by the way he didn't bring any sources for it for now we'll see maybe a little later they decided that um maybe it's not that true now look what I did to you I took you to all those regarding Yad and when EX and to whom and and none of you stopped me because you are very nice and say Rabbi where is the source that this is what a y the Torah called it what Y and we saw that they use the tra for what gather the people go to war or to celebrate and here there is something very interesting we went through some kind of a time period and from a day of NE we are talking about what M according to everyone even including to rabi it's not a special day but it's a day of all the other days or raban in our Gar so the fact that no one else bring a source for it what what can we learn from it you don't need to have any background in anything well if I would ask you the statement is that sh is a day of judgment and no one brings any sources to it what does that mean what it might be the okay good what else everybody accepts everybody accepts it okay okay that's a day of of giving a okay okay that developed at a later time but it's already in the time ofish right after after theban okay I think you said something okay let me collect everything you said yes yeah but that's a day of atonement you take the two he goes and you send one to aaz one to AEM and to bring the the atonement for the Jewish people but they didn't speak about R okay now someone here says after theban I spoke about it few times I don't know if here or different places one Shabbat I definitely spoke oh I spoke one Shabbat and one Shabbat about P any one of the major challenges for kazal was how to reframe theim after the destruction of the bet mikdash that took place when 70 okay 70c what do you do especially with Kim that were heavily invested with bet mikdash yum Kip let's just take y Kip because that's the easiest thing what was the essence of the day of yipu what did we do we fasted but the entire day is about the it's all about him you learn it's all about that it's not about kid it's not about it's not about MF it's not about the the last it's all about the of and basically after the was done and if that little thread turned into white celebration okay I don't think that they sang sh because they were there but the idea is is that there was a celebration so what do you do when you don't have Yip anymore so you take this and you basically bring it into what into and then into and then you need to what to create something for the people to do because at the time of inash what did people do they stood they stood and they look they were terrified obviously because until you see that thing change you are a little unhappy okay and just think about the the ceremony the till he goes and you take the lottery with the gold and you see the Coen Gad dressed with white and he goes to the m he comes back for the mik he goes to the m he comes back for the mik okay and everyone is looking and everyone is excited and many people already came what for sukot it's not like today people came already so they are all anxious but that's gone so you need to create that uh type of a day and you need to create uniqueness to the day this is a day that has five times fot according to by the way every but basically no no no it means that if you didn't D in one you can't really D in that's according to that's thing but the idea is is what that you need to have five times daving which by the way this is why Islam davens five times we do it once a year because that's St the holiest day so they will do it every day to show that they are holier than thou so now you got it now if you didn't learn anything today not to not mishna now you know why our Muslim brothers are ding five times okay cousins um so the thing is is what is that idea is that now you need to fill up the day with content and you need to create this uh kind of what of of of involvement with the day you can't tell people okay the only thing that it says in the Torah you need to fast or stay home fast and then that's it so we develop it so that's what we do take a look at r r according to the Torah you need to bring a sacrifice there is which is vague we have that you need to eat and to drink and to be happy it does not mean that it was never yadin it might have been Yom a day of judgment why and we will see not not not this week probably uh next week but one of the ideas is that that was the day of creation Now the the problem with the day of creation is that the same day that man was created he also what sinned okay and he was judged so therefore it it's not that farfetched to say what the that became the day of judgment and for whom for everyone because Adam was not Jewish okay Adam was a universal human being he was what we call Humanity today so therefore it is not that farfetch to say that R was always Yad however the Torah did not say it is Yad why many different reasons a so you will not think that what that the other days are what are not days of judgment whatsoever and you can do whatever you want that might be one option second option is that that was not the essence of the day which means for example um P we have we have on the first night not talking about the rest of the only according to the there is a but okay there is and there is on the first night right you know many people make a big big deal do you eat a sh or you don't eatat matah let's say you didn't did you miss anything from the essence of the day I guess today it depends who you ask but truly no truly no y on when the BET mikdash stood the de component of the component of this judgment was not as strong and Not only was not as strong it was was I don't want to say it was secondary but it was not what defined the day mamash so what did you do during the time of of the tanak I don't know maybe you have what said and that's maybe also why says to them don't be sad you remember don't cry don't be sad because when you hear this is the day of judgment you get terrified so therefore he says no no don't worry it's a day of the Judgment it's true but if you will do the right things you'll be fine so now after the betam mikdash is destroyed how do we celebrate R there's noban so what do you do you take two components that were not that uh so main a part of rash they were always there and you magnify them and what are these two chaar and and you obviously create connections between them so it might be that it was always there but it was sleeping and there was an Awakening after the beta mdash is destroyed so now have that in mind let's see another Yi talking about the chaar says the question the following the following question how do we know that when we create the first is what is which means what simple no no just simple what isar like a simple sound of thear and how do we know that there is a at the end which is also simple clear again the word like a is to transfer but here it's not to transfer it's just to create a a voice that is simple until here this is the theot of the Y of the jubile for so basically the Yushi is saying we know about one time that they blew the chaar in Torah where say and when is the on Yip so how would we know anything about R so thei is basically says because it says we don't need to say we should say which will be on Yip on the seventh month what is says whatever you have on the 10th day of the seventh month you also should apply it when on the first day of the seventh month pretty good you are with me meaning on R it says Y and I need to know how do I blow the Chau on R and I don't have any Source but I do have twice that we blow the chaar when it's really once it's you and it's onip and there I have a li I have a way to learn that what that you have and a simple sound before and a simple sound after and in the middle I have AA so what is my uh so what do I do on R answer is I need to learn it from Yip which has the but why the connection ises sounds interesting and how do we know that is what that you need to do it three times I will just put it like that do you see what the rabbis are doing with the it's really unbel it's incredible it says so it says it means what that I need to create three times of but we know that what that it's not we have I got to you all confused try to say a few times you know quickly you'll see what happens so it's really it's an incredible thing we learned this entire thing that we do on R and people get crazy Rabbi I didn't hear it Rabbi I'm not sure I hear I heard it Rabbi I just went to look at my baby and I I heard only half you know what should I do basically we all learn it from from different which are really very very creativea this is all the opinion of RAB AKA if we have an opinion of Raba we obiously have an opinion of whom RAB isma his is colleag so also has an opinion and he says what you remember all the that they will blow the trumpets we are talking about chfar and he's bringing what proofs from trumpets okay so therefore R isma says how do I know the three times it's not from but rather from and what was the last one whatever it was to okay let's pause here for a second let's digress Rish and R are trying to find out what what are they trying to find out right answer the right answer for what question why do we why do we blow the chofar a why do we blow the chauffeur in such a way of the three times and why do we blow a in a way that is so basically they are trying to find reasons for what for everything we mentioned before but the question is are they trying to find reasons for something that was quote unquote invented then or it was already there but it was not the main thing of so no one paid too much attention but after you don't have a bet mdash and that's become the essence of the day you ask yourself Rea one second where is that coming from what are the sources now in addition I don't know if I brought it here or not the how do we fulfill T uhuh is that make sense to you the Torah says TOA the Torah did not sayar ah different minhag so in we did only and in we did H [Music] interesting okay so the tal says R instituted in cesiah Cesar that's where thei was composed Yi was not composed in okayi was composed mostly in quesaria and he instituted to do what that's what we do with the first uh set so why would he do that the RO says M exactly like you all of them are good it's just the rambam says no way because then you tell me that what that they didn't know what the Tor says to but he says there was basically a misunderstanding of what it was and therefore RAB AB United both interpretations to tell you that that's the way you fulfill the T in the T now what do they represent the sharim are size like to sigh and this is like a broken sigh o and the is more of what of an uncontrol controllable cry uncontrollable cry and basically the is both now as a side note do you know how much H discussion we have of how to blow the tashat should you make them one without any break at all not even to take aishima which means it should go like that or you can take a break one of the Rama reasoning of not doing that he says did you hear hear anyone cry like that without taking a breath says I never heard about it that's the most of theim say what that you need to do it that's why what we do the first 30 we do it the other 70 we tell him you can take a little a little break so you see how many discussions we have from what from something that we didn't understand at the beginning so one more one more Source the page 10 so it says you see the Jubilee and R are compared for what for the same way that you are to and for the blessings so the only difference is in what is the material of thear where do you take that CH form but in terms of the and the it's the same thing if that's true um we have something very interesting we always view the chauffer blowing is something to what to wake us up right to wake us up not talking about from the rabbi speech I'm talking about just wake up so and about what it reminds us of and it reminds us of and all but in a way in this Source the main idea of chaar is what proclamation of Freedom think about it it's a proclamation of Freedom this is the Jubilee you Proclaim Freedom by in a way maybe the most meaningful reason for blowing the chaar is that you can free yourself when you repent you fully free yourself so it's a totally different meaning to shaar it's not about being terrified it's about being happy which brings you to NE okay now we are doing an additional part it's under the the title of why do we need a special day of judgment what rosi for example says that a person is being judged every day sounds eight true and be practical I mean especially if we believe that you know every every night we deposit our n at God's hands and he gives his so obviously he's going to judge us so take a look in it says there are four times during the year that the world is being judge okay we're not going to discuss um that right now but it seems to be that the reason for to be a day of judgment is because everything else has a special day for judgment p on the trees sukot for water and therefore human beings are being judged also in a special day so in a way the idea of a special day is because everyone else has a special day okay why rabi says that the person is being judged every day so the gamar says what do you mean he says that you should judge him to every every B every morning why didn't say that what that person is being judged every hour so the G says so the gar says oh I'll tell you why because maybe there is a difference between and is just like an overview is much more than that but says it's not true why because it's the same thing so turn to page 11 so in page 11 it says Second Source the reason for rosi is from that Source from this PUK basically says what the word Mish Mish judgment therefore it says day so that's what rosi says now according to that and with that we will conclude it seems to be that according to RAB Yosi who is being judged every day Amo his Nation humanity is being judged when on R now contrary to our belief that to be judged is a bad thing RAB Yosi fully believed that what that being judge is a great thing why because you you give a report every day so every day you have a chance to what to improve yourself to be a better person you don't need to wait for a year you can do it every day for Humanity you wait what once a year so we will continue B next week please hold on to your uh the Pim to your soci the what so according to rosi the question should be okay so why on R we need to be judged again okay if we do it every day what's the uniqueness of according to RI we'll continue next week [Music]