Taanios Behab - When and Why? Shiur by Rabbi Nachum Scheiner from 2020

This Monday starts Bahab. People are Some people are knowing to fast like what I just heard they even have a minion Bahab with Yachao. Monday, Thursday, and Monday. And this Shabbos is going to be We're going to say a Misha Berak for those that are mis-honor that fast Bahab. We're going to speak to go through the reason why we fast Bahab and where you say the Misha Berak and a couple of Halachas. The Gemara says in Kiddushin daf pei aleph amud aleph, the Gemara says sakva d'shata rigla. What's sakva d'shata rigla? Says Rashi, re'ua shel y'mei v'shana. The worst time of the year, the worst time of the year for yichud is for a for a person for our vera for yichud and yichud that brings to the day of avera is b'mei ha'regel. Yom Tov, a person is alul to be nichshal in yichud and yichud to be bring l'yedei avera is Yom Tov. Why? Says Rashi, lashon Rashi, she'yesh kvutzos shel anashim v'nashim. There are groups of men and women that go to listen l'shmua d'drasha, they go to listen to shiurim over Yom Tov. V'noisim v'noisim, they interact with each other. V'noisim v'noisim zem zem that they interact with each other. Tosfos brings this Rashi and Tosfos says, v'yesh omerim, l'kach nohagu l'his'anos l'achar Pesach ul'achar Sukkos. Since Suk Yom Tov is a time when people go to shiurim and then these interaction men and women and it's al yedei yichud l'yedei avera, so m'meila therefore we mis-honor, we have we have after Yom Tov which is what we know is Bahab. So the makor for Bahab is not is actually not a Gemara, it's in the Rishonim. The Rishonim are the first ones to bring the makor for Bahab. And that's the first reason We'll see these four reasons for Bahab. The first reason is chuva on the avera yichud and avera of what yichud could come to of what happened over Yom Tov. Which would really come out. Technically it's for a person that was nichshal in yichud. Somebody that wasn't nichshal really wouldn't have to fast, doesn't have to say the slichos of Bahab. That's the first reason. The second reason why we fast and why we say slichos on Bahab. This coming Monday we start Monday, Thursday, Monday. It's brought in the Tur. The lashon of Tur, I'll read the lashon, the noye noye again b'Ashkenaz and b'Sefard was anoy sheini v'chamishi v'sheini. Monday, Thursday, and Monday acher Pesach v'achak. Say says the Tur, v'shvil shnei y'mei amoidei y'mei mishte v'simcha. It's a time that a person eats and drinks. It's a happy time. Ulai chatu. Maybe a person come will come l'yedei avera. He doesn't say in particular which avera. Which would actually be mashma that since it's y'mei simcha mishte, it's a lax time, a person could be nichshal on any avera. A person could be nichshal eating learn properly bitul Torah. A person went to sleep late so he missed his man krias shema. The Be'er Heitev in seif katan aleph actually says the b'chal a person could be nichshal on Yom Tov. And he says what averas? He says hilchos Yom Tov is very complex. Yom Tov certain melachos are mutar. However, even though it's mutar, it's only mutar l'tzorech tza'ach. So a person thinks he's allowed to cook on Yom Tov, different he's allowed to carry, but it's only mutar if there's a tzorech. If there's no tzorech, it's not mutar. And even chol hamoed person is allowed to work, it's only b'makom hefsed davar avid davar avid from the caring. There's many halachos that apply to in hilchos chol hamoed. And m'meila a person could be nichshal, very easy could be nichshal on these halachos. He'd be nichshal on it. So m'meila that's the second reason why so after Sukkos and after Pesach we do chuva on what we were nichshal on general averas. So this makes it a little easier why more or less everybody is included in the taineh of Bahab and in the slichos because it's once you're already general people are are b'simcha and they're more relaxed, they could be nichshal on all types of averas or not so m'hader with mitzvos. So that's why we have two reasons so far why we have tainus Bahab after Sukkos and after Pesach. Why don't we have Bahab after Shavuos? Just like we have after Sukkos and Pesach, Shavuos is also a Yom Tov. So the Magen Avraham says the reason why we don't have it after Shavuos is since Shavuos is only one day or even in chutz la'aretz it's two days, so therefore whether if the reason is the first reason of being nichshal with yichud with shiurim, it's after a week of interaction of the nashim v'nashim that come to the shiur or even stam any mitzvos v'averas, it's only if it's a it's a week long festival, y'mei simcha mishte, not if it's just one day or two days. I actually said the shiur over middle of the week and somebody asked me and what if Shavuos comes out to be three days? Let's say this year Shavuos is going to be Shabbos, Sunday, Monday. A year. Three days, not seven days. But that's what the Magen Avraham says that Shavuos they weren't masaken. Maybe once it's usually not three days so they weren't masaken. That's that's with Shavuos. What's about Chanukah? Chanukah's not one day, Chanukah's eight days. The Levush asks the question. Chanukah's coming up soon so why don't we have Bahab, why we don't we do chuva on after Chanukah Bahab to fast Monday, Thursday, Monday with slichos? The Levush says two two tirutzim and I think what the oilam said is at least either that or included in these two tirutzim. Very good, Yitzy and Shmuel. The Levush says first of all Chanukah you don't work. I mean I'm sorry, Chanukah you work. It's still it's a regular work day, there's no off. And m'meila side is not so much with shiurim that people are not People have their regular schedule. And side the second reason y'mei simcha mishte which people are busy. And also So again, he says two reasons. [music] One reason is because Chanukah's not like Yom Tov, Chanukah's regular. People are busy with their regular day, regular there's no issur melacha, people work. And b'oi Chanukah there's no din mishte v'simcha. So since there's no din mishte v'simcha, he said before mishte v'simcha is where make it person's more relaxed and he's alul to do averas. So Chanukah there's no din mishte v'simcha and therefore Chanukah we don't there's no reason of Bahab. The third reason The third reason for why we fast Bahab is brought in the Levush. Also in the Levush. And the Levush says because since it's a change of weather from Sukkos to from after Sukkos we're changing in from summer to winter, it's fall but there's a change of weather. And the same is Pesach to Sukkos, there's a change of weather from winter to summer with spring in the middle but there's a change of weather. So it's actually a tfila, not like what we said till now, it's a bakasha on it's a a chuva on the avera for for averas, it's actually a tfila bakasha on the osid that we don't get sick. Side from the winter to the summer and side from the summer to the winter. Very good. And Chanami Taka, so this is another tfila. Which means now we're davening for rain. This Monday we're going to daven for the proper rain, taka like geshem. And then when the summer comes, what do we It's not It's not really so much geshem, it's either that the geshem, the rain shouldn't ha- shouldn't be harmful or shidufin, different things what we daven in Chanami Taka. You're right. We daven for geshem Shmini Atzeres and now Bahab is also another another No, no, no. This is This is not what we're daven- I'm sorry, not about the rain. This is the vile we're talking about the change of weather. Sorry. We'll get to that in a minute about pile. I'm sorry. The third reason why we say Bahab is for the change of weather. Which comes out, if that's the reason we understand why Shavuos we don't say Bahab cuz there's no change of weather. And same is also for Shavuos there's no change Chanukah also there's no change of weather. The fourth reason like Yitzy's pointing out, the fourth reason which the Eliyahu Rabbah says is for for rain. For rain? We're davening for rain? Geshem we daven Shmini Atzeres for rain. We're also We're davening now Bahab is going to be for rain. And Pesach is also whether if it's a rain in the right time cuz it's a rain before the end of the crop or other parts like we daven in Tal, but it's more for what grows shouldn't there shouldn't be any damage in the what grows. The rain. So so far we have four reasons why we we have Bahab. Two reasons are for chuvah in the past and two reasons are a tfila on the ossur. Why is Bahab those particular days, Monday, Thursday, and Monday? Meaning to say is why Monday Let's say Bahab has to be three days, why not three consecutive days? Why is it Monday, Thursday, and Monday? What's the mile of the Monday, Thursday, Monday? So Tosfos in Bava Kamma on the Gemara, the Gemara says that we lain kri'as the Torah on Mondays and Thursdays. Why do we lain Monday and Thursday? You shouldn't go three days. Very good. Three days [music] without learning. So therefore, we lain Mondays and Thursdays so during the week there won't be three days without learning. That's a Mishna Berura in Maseches we learn these three days You shouldn't go three days without learning. So Tosfos asks the question, why dafka Monday and Thursday? Maybe Tuesday and Wednesday or Sunday and Wednesday or Monday and What does it have to be? Why dafka Monday and Thursday? So Tosfos says Tosfos brings the Medrash. The Medrash says that when Moshe Rabbeinu went up for the Luchos Shniyos Shniyos he went up to to Shamayim to get the second Luchos, says the Medrash he went up on a Thursday and he came down on a Monday. So maila says Tosfos, you see it's a it's the it's the eis ratzon for when Moshe Rabbeinu went up to get the Luchos and when Moshe Rabbeinu came down. Since it's the eis ratzon, so therefore we will maskin that kri'as the Torah should be on a Monday and a Thursday. So Tosfos says ulachen nahagu nami l'sanus b'beis v'hei. Therefore, the taanis, the mile we fast, which is brought in Shulchan Aruch taf kuf pei, fasting is also When do we fast? We fast Mondays and Thursdays. So maila, that's why Bahab, if you want to know Bahab, we fast Monday, Thursday, Monday because there's a mile at the eis ratzon to fast on a Monday and a Thursday. So therefore, Bahab is Monday, Thursday, Monday on those days. And what's beis and hei? Meaning to say is those are particular days. I don't know why three times, but if it's three times, three times would come out to be Sunday, Thursday Monday, Thursday, and Monday. You're asking that he only went up once and came down once. You're right. That's a good question. But that the idea is just pointing out more like what he's saying that he's just pointing out that there's a mile there's a significance in those particular days. But it doesn't it could be 10 times also. The idea is just why we do Monday and Thursday. You could say whatever, but that's that once we know we have established that it's three times, you want to know where to fast those three days. So it's Monday, Thursday, and Monday because those are Mondays and Thursdays have a mile. We said that Bahab, at least the first two reasons is to do chuvah on Yom Tov, on Sukkos and Pesach. Why don't we start Bahab right after Yom Tov? Let's say for an example, this year Sukkos, we could have started parshas Noach not even this week but last week. Why don't we start right away after [music] Yom Tov? So it's brought in the Levush. The Levush says for Pesach it's very simple why we don't start right after Pesach. Since these are halachos in Shulchan Aruch that you're not allowed to fast all of Nissan, so maila, we don't start Bahab the month of Nissan. We actually start after Nissan. And what's about Rosh Chodesh? What's about Tishrei? Says the Levush, since it's rov ub'rov amei Yisrael these Yom Tovim, so maila, it's not He says also a svara, therefore we don't want to start fasting in Tishrei. We start Bahab after Tishrei. That's what the Levush says, so therefore we start after Tishrei. Now, very good we start after Tishrei. But why can't you start right after Meaning to say is the first Monday before even this year, but before the first Monday out of Tishrei, Cheshvan. Days Cheshvan, not days Cheshvan, Monday, the first Monday of Cheshvan you should start. Says the Maharil that whether if it's Shabbos Mevorchim or Kol Shkain this year that this past Shabbos, Shabbos parshas Noach was Shabbos Rosh Chodesh, he brings a possuk in Koheles. The possuk says b'yom tov and b'yom tov hayei b'tov. On a good day it should be good. And then maila, so we don't even want to make the Misha Berach that we say on Shabbos, the Misha Berach for those that are masanin that fast on Bahab. So therefore, we push it off another week. So even though we we could start already right away after once it's Rosh Chodesh in the Cheshvan, but since we make a Misha Berach before the Bahab, the Shabbos before the Monday, Thursday Monday, and if it falls out to be whether if it's on Shabbos Mevorchim or let's say like this year, this past Shabbos was Shabbos Rosh Chodesh, so we don't want to make a Misha Berach on Shabbos Rosh Chodesh. So therefore, this whole week Lech Lecha we didn't start Bahab. The Misha Berach is actually going to be this coming Shabbos, Shabbos parshas Lech Lecha we're going to make the Misha Berach and we're going to start next week Bahab. So I'm So you're asking good, what's the problem with making the Misha Berach on a What do you What do you need it? I I hear. One thing I could tell you the difference between uh Bahab and other taanisem, other taanisem technically are much easier to fast. Over here it's not a chiyuv, it's really something [music] more extra, so making a Misha Berach for an extra. That's a good question to fast over here. We [music] have to go through where exactly the makor is about shiv'im, but Bahab, which we see has a makor in the rishonim, so we make a Misha Berach. No, that's true that we don't start because obviously we're making a Misha Berach for those that are going to fast, so it's only shiyach to make it. You're saying You see it's very important the Misha Berach for a raya. Um Refael saying raya, maybe just skip the Misha Berach on a year. Okay, l'maisa, if you make the If you make the Misha Berach, so why should you skip it on a year that somebody on a half a year when you can't make it? Let's say on a Rosh Chodesh. So the truth is that the Misha Berach is really for those that are going to fast. You're saying why don't you do it [music] on the fast itself? Why do you have to do it before? L'maisa, we do it before. I hear the question. Why can't you do it Why can't you do [music] it b'sha'as ma'aseh on Monday? I don't know. Ah, we're going to get to that also. Mordy, we'll get to that shortly about if a blibes kabbalah of a fast. Let's move on a little bit. I'll take more questions too and I want to end on time. The So we have so far that we talking the Misha Berach is important and therefore we push it off. We don't We push off the whole Bahab for either after not Rosh Chodesh benching and not to make the Misha Berach on Rosh Chodesh like this year. What happens if we're ready we pushed it off? We're holding it on Shabbos parshas Lech Lecha tomorrow. What happens if tomorrow morning there's a bris in shul? Or if What happens if it's Shabbos sheva brachos? My gay My uncle just made a chosson on a Wednesday night and this Shabbos, Shabbos sheva brachos, the chosson's going to be in shul. Do you say the Misha Berach or do you not say the Misha Berach? So the Magen Avraham says and the Mishna Berura brings the halacha that since when a chosson's there and since when a a bris is there he brings m'heiyos tov, something else, not b'yom tov which we brought before. It's something else, m'heiyos tov. You should actually push it off the Bahab, push it off the Bahab, you should push it off to Mincha. That's what the Magen Avraham says. We already pushed it off. Not Shabbos Mevorchim, not Shabbos Rosh Chodesh. Continue We push it off from the morning, we push it off to Mincha. Which that really, you know, is my Alan What Yitzi's question is if you don't have to do it Shabbos morning, push it off to Mincha, maybe push it off to Monday. Now Reb Yosef is asking, which we'll get to in a minute, mamash in a minute, but first let's just uh see clearly. Then again, if Shabbos morning there's a chosson a chosson meaning to say is a Shabbos sheva brachos or a bris, you push it off to You push it off to Mincha. The Magen Avraham also brings that Reb Yosef is asking a g'valdig a kasha and and Reb Moshe, what'd you say? Ah, g'valdig. The both of you, Yitzi, well asked. B'cheira, the chosson will be there by Mincha also. Reb Moshe Feinstein asks the shaila in Igros Moshe. He brings this din of the Magen Avraham and he's bothered with something else also and he asks in general, he says he doesn't really understand what's the problem b'chlall to make a Misha Berach when a chosson's there and to make a Misha Berach when there's a bris. What's the problem? What's the Misha Berach for somebody that fasts and some and for the slichos of Bahab? When a chasan do we not fast when a chasan comes into shul? Does he Is it Is it a stira? The fasting is not aveilus, it's teshuvah. So, why can't a chasan Why is [music] it a problem when a chasan's in shul on the taanis? Do we not say slichos? Of course we say it. That's his first question. So, what's the problem of saying the Misha Berach tomorrow morning even if he's a chasan and even if he's a a bris over there? The second question he asks is what? Yosef, what you What you're asking is a gevaldige shaila takah. What do you gain by pushing off when the sheva brachos the chasan's there? The chasan's there by mincha also. So, what are you accomplishing pushing it to mincha? Therefore, he says that the reason in the Magen Avraham to push off by a chasan to push it off to mincha is because it used to be when there was a chasan in shul, they used to read a different haftarah. Sheva brachos they used to read the haftarah of Sose Asis. So, therefore, Sose Asis when you're reading Sose Asis, says the Magen Avraham, "Mehayois Mehayois Behayay Behtov Mehayois Behtov." Therefore, we push it off to mincha. It's true by mincha the chasan's also going to be there, but also the haftarah we will push it off. Therefore, says Rav Moshe, that today that we don't read Sose Asis, he should say it by You should say it by shacharis. So, really what comes out we have a machlokes. Magen Avraham the Mishnah Berurah brings the halacha says that you should say it by mincha and Rav Moshe says that it was really then, but now you should really say it by shacharis. Just on the question that's being asked, which Rav Moshe asked that why don't What do you gain by pushing it off to mincha? The Maimer Mordechai says a loshon like this. He brings, "What do you gain by pushing it off to mincha?" He says, "Venira perush de'ein toiv lahaschir inyan taanis betzibur besha'as simchas amila." "Vehachasan Vehachasan asher yikra, which the chasan sheyikra besha'aris." "Sheyikra besha'aris." Does he mean out the haftarah and just in general sheyikra besha'aris? And therefore, you push it off to mincha. Just agav, the loshon of Magen Avraham is "Mehayois Behtov Hayay Behtov." And lema'aseh the Sha'ar Ephraim says that it's a to'is. It's really the pasuk the other pasuk. Now, it's not the pasuk of "Mehayois Behtov," it's the pasuk of "Beyom Tov." So, the while we have these four reasons why we fast Behab and say slichos, and we also already established that we we only start the Misha Berach leBehab only after after Shabbos Mevorchim and after Shabbos Rosh Chodesh. And even we're still going to say We're going to say the Misha Berach this coming Shabbos, we see it's not so clear what happens if there's a chasan by sheva brachos. If you push it off from shacharis to mincha, the Magen Avraham the Mishnah Berurah says to push it off, and Rav Moshe says that it's minayin to really should keep it by shacharis. Where do you say the Misha Berach? You say the Misha Berach Shabbos morning. Where is the Misha Berach said? Between shacharis and mussaf. So, there's three shitos. The shita of the Levush is to say it after ashrei, before ya'aleh v'yavo. You pick up the sefer Torah to be mevorach the call withholding the sefer Torah. That's where you should say it. Well, that's the Levush. Pri Megadim brings it as well. First shita is to say the Misha Berach leBehab after ashrei, before you when you pick up the sefer Torah before you say ya'aleh v'yavo. The Sha'ar Ephraim says the loshon of Sha'ar Ephraim is is that you should say it after ya'aleh v'yavo. The words are "Achrei ya'aleh v'yavo" you say it. Says the Likutei Maharich that it's a mistake. It's a to'is. It's a to'is sefer. "V'ulai it's supposed to say kodem ya'aleh v'yavo." What's the problem of after ya'aleh v'yavo? Why not after ya'aleh v'yavo? The pasuk says because between ya'aleh v'yavo and "Hodu la'Aretz v'laShamayim" is really it's a hefsek and it's a middle of a pasuk. When the chazan says ya'aleh v'yavo ya'aleh v'yavo and then we say "Hodu," it's really one pasuk. So, it's a hefsek a middle of a pasuk. If you take a look actually in the ArtScroll siddur, they put the Misha Berach You have a siddur open. If you take a look, it's actually brought ya'aleh v'yavo "Hodu la'Aretz v'laShamayim" afterwards, and then over here they put the Misha Berach leBehab afterwards. So, that's the the second shita, which the Likutei Maharich says is a to'is. The Sha'ar Ephraim says to say it after ya'aleh v'yavo. The third shita is the shita which is brought in the Luach Eretz Yisrael. There it says you should actually say it before ashrei. Before ashrei? Really together with all the other Misha Berachs that we say in your compendium and Av Harachamim, you should put it over there. Why should you Why should it be before ashrei? Because there's a halacha the Mishnah Berurah brings in Resh Peh Dalet Yod Katan Tes Vav that you're not supposed to be mafsik between ashrei and kaddish before mussaf. Which really means a person really shouldn't make announcements what time mincha. The Af Yomi the Mishnah Berurah says, you're not supposed to be mafsik between ashrei before mussaf and the the the kaddish of mussaf because the kaddish of mussaf goes on the ashrei. You shouldn't be mafsik. So, therefore, Uh-huh. So, that would be before ya'aleh v'yavo. It would be like the Levush says. You're sure showing over there before Right, the first shita is to say it before ya'aleh v'yavo, but after ashrei, which it Does it say over there to pick up the Take it at the oich sefer Torah? The Levush says you take the sefer Torah right before ya'aleh v'yavo. So, the third shita is the shita to say it before ashrei. And the reason why to say before ashrei, you shouldn't be mafsik. It happens to just be Rav Chaim Kanievsky in Ishei Yisrael says that it's fine for those that are noig takah to say it after ashrei, even though we see that it's there's a problem to be mafsik. But since if that would be the place, let's say because there's a mile of picking up the sefer Torah, so maybe let's consider it soira and there's no hefsek. To do it Yeah, in the Chanam Nusach Ashkenaz you do it earlier. Yeah. Just uh conclude with one word din, which Mordy brought up before about the kabbalas taanis, which is brought in the Mishnah Berurah says that everyone should answer amen on the Misha Berach. And it doesn't apply by kabbalas taanis. The same thing is also the Sha'ar Ephraim says, even though if a person wants to be mekabel the taanis, the amen is enough for kabbalas taanis, but you're not mechuyav to. And therefore, by just saying amen, it's not a kabbalas taanis. So, maybe of course everyone should answer on the Misha Berach. Everybody should answer amen. So, just to be mesakev what we have over here, we have four reasons for to be mis'aneh on Behab. One is atzilus and nichud of ba'alei aveira, or because of the other other stam a person's relaxed over Yom Tov it's a may mishteh v'simcha, and a person can come to any aveira or any lack of mitzvos. We said another reason for Behab is on the asid because of the change of weather people shouldn't get sick for the issue for the rain, and the opposite for also when it comes in Nisan. That's the the four reasons. We said that we only make the Misha Berach leBehab not We don't start Behab obviously in Tishrei and Nisan. And even the Misha Berach we don't say not on Rosh Chodesh mention and not on Rosh Chodesh itself. And questionable what happens when there's a chasan. And then we said these three shitos where to say the the Misha Berach leBehab on Shabbos. Either you say it on after ya'aleh v'yavo. I'm sorry, before ya'aleh v'yavo when you pick up the sefer Torah. So, you have the sefer Torah before ya'aleh v'yavo. Or there's a shita which could be the to'is sefer is after ya'aleh v'yavo. And then there's a third shita to say it before ashrei, so it shouldn't be a hefsek. Shalom.