Shmita | Fruit & Vegetables of Sheviet - Picking fruit and harvesting crops

[Music] we're going to be in the next section of this chapter talking all about the fruits and vegetables of the year of chevy eats so we use the word chevy but that means the that's the sabbatical year the seventh year which i've explained uh last class that this the fruit and the vegetables and even uh any type of vegetation that is used that has benefit from it whether you smell it for the same or later on uh use it as an orange mint or whatever it is whatever benefit you have then that has what's called kedusha chevy the holiness the status of it is different and then of course that has to be treated completely different today in the chapter we're going to learn today the title of the chapter is the ripping and the harvesting of the fruit and vegetables on that on this on this year because whether it's your uh land or your orchard or whether it's a healthcare abandoned and you go and take it then there's ways how to do it you can't just walk in and take whatever you want last class we talked about that the owner of the land or the orchard the or the vineyard whatever it is and he has to do a half kill he has to abandon it and even if he doesn't abandon it it will automatically have the status of hefkel but now what we're going to go through is how do i harvest it or how do i cut it how do i take it off the tree and so forth so it says as follows section one asu means to to reap some will say harvest but i'll use the word like sort of means grain assorted you can't harvest grapes or like that are holy because they have the kudus and what would be this fruit anything or vegetables anything that's grown on the seventh year you go now and you see on the street a tree with lemons as long as the lemons came out in the seventh year that's it it has it and all the laws and the rules then regarding to the the kedushaushvit and then apply to it now it's irrelevant if it's yours it's somebody else it's half kill it's not but nevertheless anything that has kadusha on it then you can't just take it off unless you could slam unless you change the way how you take it off the tree or out of the ground how do you harvest it how do you pick it and so forth he's using here three different ways because he's using kotzrim is to to reap botswim is to how what you use for uh grapes and kofim is to harvest so he's using different words but we'll just use one word but how do you do it unless you change the way how you do it like in a normal year if you would go to an orange tree and just pull like this the the fruit then you have to do it different excuse me yeah okay like a shinoahe exactly or if you're going to the ground and you're pulling the the cucumber or whatever and then everything has to be done and the chinook the the change is not only how you do it we're going to go through this today which is very important by the way it's part of what we need to follow now where does he bring that from i mean everything has to have a source so he says commotion as it says so this is the verse from the book of vekra chapter 25 uh verse 5. the translation is you shall not reap the after growth of your harvest and you should not pick the grapes you had set aside for yourself for it shall be a year of rest for the land this is the the source in the torah where we learned that wait a minute i can't just come and take the fruit off the tree or the crops off the ground and so forth now comes a a book of uh of a i wouldn't necessarily say interpretations but more like a commentary it's called toratko anim and they explain in toratku lotive so when the torah tells you you should not harvest then it means what does it mean the way you do it always so the torah tells you on the surface it seems like the torah tells you don't touch it don't harvest don't reap don't pull pull it off the tree so the torad konin comes is no we have to add two words to it don't harvest like they always do it of course in the two words are in hebrew not in english because in english we'll have more words but in hebrew says the way it's and even if the the field or the mata mata really i would say like maybe a plantation it's not an orchard because in many cases you have trees and it's not written considered an orchard but it will be mercury like a plantation oh it seems and it can also be in the trees in the ba in your backyard and it says even if the trees the fruit the the whatever it is the crops were abandoned according to the law in the halacha the word that he's using is kadeem deen is duly that it's done the right way because one might say wait a minute the the fruit and the vegetables were abandoned they did a health care exam exactly how it should be done then i can take it off i can harvest and what it says no even if it was abandoned according to the halacha and was done dually doesn't matter you still have to be a very careful how you take it off the tree or out of the ground you're not allowed to pull the fruit down or to harvest like you do in the rest of the year and then of course there's a disagreement between the rishonim and he says as follows are we talking about fruits that were abandoned or fruits that were not abandoned this agreement is if i reap it different than the the years i always do this is a an argument in what are we arguing what am i not allowed to do is the argument about fruit or vegetables that were abandoned or not or just how i actually pull it out so really the the argument what we go by is how you do it because it says that even if they were abandoned according to the law you still are limited so really the argument is how i do it and for that let's see what he says the prohibition for when i rip the the fruit out kederek in comparison to how i do it in the rest of the years first separation is is the status of the owner of the fruit or the vegetables i will say fruit but i don't have to repeat myself vegetables and crops and all the vegetation the first separation is is if i am the owner that i abandoned it this is section one or if i'm just a bypass and somebody else abandoned it and i'm just taking it so that's the first separation that i need to know of course the owner forget about that he abandoned it he usually rips it in a certain way or very soon so if the owner of the land did a healthcare he's abandoned it then he went and ripped it and he didn't do it the right way then the transgression is what's called the raita is transgressing his soul from the torah and if it's just a stranger that just came into the orchard and took something the wrong way then the prohibition is the raban so that's important to know because then you know how to evaluate the punishment and how severe is the sin so if i'm the owner and i abandoned the land abandoned the orchard whatever it is abandoned i mean i did have care then i went and pulled the fruit off because i'm allowed to in a certain way but if i didn't do it the right way they saw is the raita and if i'm just a bypasser or a visitor then the isu the prohibition is going to be the rabbanan from the sages this is first rule that is important to know next hashin in how i harvest how i rip uh how do you say rip or rip ripped so the the change that i need to do the chinui there's two conditions the first one alif the heinous obliged the first is that i can't take a large amount so if normally throughout the years i will let's say i have an orange tree and i go up on the orange tree and i take two full bags of orange juice then on the seventh year i can take a big amount and to most uh ruling of allah it will be and you have to you can only take enough to what you would eat that would last you three days two to three days different opinions so i'll give you one example remaining when i was young i used to work in the winter for a guy that had orchards and i would cut the oranges off the tree and i would get paid for every uh crate for every uh barrel whatever it's called uh i would get paid was a hard job you know it's raining cold thorns you know the orange trees have a lot of thorns they have to climb on the on the tree and you have these big big bags on you because you're not going to go up on the tree for three oranges you want to come down with 200 oranges so it's a hard job but if i would go up and come down with two bags these are oranges that can be sufficient for five families for a whole week that's you can't do so the first condition is where if you the chinoy is that it's a very small amount the next sorry the first cannot be a large amount because considered a small amount that it's enough for my household that can be uh sufficient for two three days that's how you make your calculations so let's say you have five people in your household how many oranges five people eat how many cucumbers five people eat so let's say they eat three cucumbers a day okay so take five cucumbers ten cucumbers can't take a whole a crate right now and how do you continue the the quantity you ran out of it then you can go up and get again so normally if you have a let's say again i'm using the same example with orange tree so you normally already climbing up the tree you take down 50 100 oranges but now you're not allowed to he says you have two people in the house each one eats three oranges a day so you have six oranges you can only take 15 oranges 18 oranges but as soon as it's done you can go out and get again now when would this be more applicable you have a neighbor the neighbor has a lemon tree he told you i didn't have kale for my tree you can come into the backyard take whatever you want whenever you want so you can walk into the backyard you pull a few lemons down now how many lemons do you use i mean sometimes you eat the lemons you use it for a little bit of tea maybe a little bit for the to put on your fish or whatever so you take a lemon or two but you make the calculations and then it means that you have to constantly uh go back there and and keep taking down the next condition only if it's possible yes if it's possible then you have to do a complete shinoui if you choose a let's say a certain tool use a different tool if you go like this then go like that like a complete shinoya complete change what happens if you can there's only one way of doing it i'll give you one example of many i when i was a teenager i was in a boarding school that the theme of the boarding school was that you learn some of the hours of the day and the next of the hours of the day we used to work and this day was like kind of like a like a farm so all the labor was either agriculture or with the animals so with the milking cows taking care of chickens and so forth i used to work in the fields so we used to every day work in the field sometimes we would work morning shifts and then learn in the afternoon and and switch so we used to do a lot of work in the on the land so i'll give you one example out of many we used to have potato fields there now when we harvest the potato fields which i don't know if you use the word either harvest or pick but they we used to use these big tractors you don't do it but sometimes we would go and do it by ourselves we would do like a bonfire and uh and sit around the bonfire we weren't necessarily sing folk songs we would get drunk and go wild but but nevertheless we will go and get potatoes there's only one way you can grab the potato how do you the plant and to pull it out if you don't do it right then what happens is it breaks and then you're left with all the potatoes in the ground now with potatoes specifically you have one plant underneath has 100 potatoes it's not like three potatoes or you know like you have in other vegetables you dig you'll take out 100 potatoes out of there and a few rats on the way but nevertheless depending on the field but there's a certain way how you twist it and you pull it out that it's not going to rip because if you ripped it then you leave the the the the roots there and so forth so here is saying what if you can do a shinoyi there's only one way of doing it there's a certain way how you twist or you how you cut or you use a certain tool and you can't use a different tool she says if you cannot do it then you're fine and sufficient with by just doing a small amount so we have the two conditions the first condition is it has to be a small amount the second condition is that you have to make a change in how you rip it or how you harvest it if you cannot apply option number two then it's sufficient just to take a small amount yes yeah it's both for passerby and the owner the the thing is that the section i did before talking about the pastor buying the owner the owner is a survita the passerby is i just need to know that if shalom i did a sin i need to know how severe it is and what type of chuva to do and so forth and how i'm going to be punished shalom but when it comes to the harvesting both the same for the bypass or the or the visitor or somebody random or the owner so the first thing we need to remember is that it has to be done with a small quantity and i have to do it bishinoi changing the way how i do it and this applies to everybody the next thing dalid not only that i'm required to do a shinoyi so it's not only how i change the way how i harvest it or rip it it's also when sometimes they're on the floor because many cases i'll walk into my backyard or to to be more exact to my neighbor's backyard or to some random forest and some of the fruits are on the floor and they're they're completely fresh they just fell off the tree or they're they're fine so i don't need to harvest it i don't need to rip it it's already done by nature okay so how do you deal with that because one might say oh it's on the floor what's the shinoui that i'm going to do what's the change kagon so the way to do it is how you collect it now if it's an orange no usually what you would do you would put it in a bag so you have to put it some in a different way or here is more talking about when it's grain or any type of other types of harvest is because if it's let's say wheat or barley then i would pull it in the same way and you know together and kind of tie it and then and and put it together then you can do that then put it in a bag or if you put something in a pile then you can put it in a pile then put it in a in a different way so if it's already out of its uh root or not connected to the tree then the chinoi here a is the quantity a quantity always will apply a small quantity and is how you collect it so you have to use your imagination how it would be obvious so let's say you you can't really you collected a few lemons you know you would always put it in the same bag so you can't really do much of a change but when it comes to other things you try you have to be very creative that the change is going to be as obvious as possible that it's not how it's done usually in the rest of the years next hey is the prohibition of ripping and harvesting it's only on fruit and vegetable that has kudu so if something came from the previous year then i don't have to do it the prohibition here is only for the fruit and vegetables that come from the seventh year and these are called holy fruits so i'm allowed to harvest and rip and pull down fruits if i know that they started becoming good the previous year remember last class i told you the word for it in hebrew is ghanto we didn't quite find the right word in english but it's when the fruit there's difference of opinions so some opinion is when the fruits are edible the other opinion is when the flowers of the flute ah fall and the and another opinion is that you can uh as that that it's that the fruit are available you can still you can er they're not like sour or anything but nevertheless let's say i know that the certain tree the fruit were already prepared in the in the sixth year then i have no problem in in in pulling them down however i want versus now i have to remember that on the eighth year this is called schminite then i'm not allowed to harvest the ones who started on the schnatchmeeta because they also have the kedusha on them that i have to understand that they they have kudusachvi this is another thing we're going to have to apply next year because a lot of the fruit or vegetables might have been planted or grown on this on the shemitah year and they have to show on it so i have to deal with it with ketuchachuvite so that's something that we need to remember but when it comes to the shinoi if it was it started growing on the sixth year then i don't have to do any any any changes but on the eighth year if it started growing on the seventh year i still will have to do a shinoy because it has to do such beats that we're going to learn down the line how do i deal with the crops or the fruits and vegetables that were grown on shemitah which will usually be what's called sophia it grew by itself i didn't do anything let's say i have a backyard and in the backyard some stuff grew i don't even have to have a orchard or a field but i have a backyard now comes the eighth year it's not shmita anymore yeah but it grew on the seventh year so it still has conditions of er we could do it but it has a little bit different than we're going to learn that down the line next besides that they have the prohibition of harvesting vegative and also ripping keder as it's done throughout the rest of the years so i have one prohibition that i can't uh just take it down then the same way that i have the prohibition of harvesting and ripping through like resembling the six years prior then i'm not allowed to harvest the rip for the benefit of the tree because sometimes you need to pull down some of the crops so some of the fruits only to benefit the tree and of course that you need to be a little bit more knowledgeable in agriculture but nevertheless that i'm not allowed to do so even when it's done with the shinoui that i'm not allowed to do so if i'm doing it for my benefit of eating that is allowed as long as they do the the shinoi if um if it's not for me to eating it's just for the benefit of the tree then i'm not allowed to do that next number seven satsang assorted i'm not allowed to harvest uh fruit and vegetables of the schnatchme the i actually didn't find a word in that in english i'm sure there's a word but is when you see the fruit but they're they're not ripe they're bitter or hard or i think the right word is just not ripe so in hebrews the word for it just did you know is bosel that i see the fruit or whatever it is or it can be also on a tomato sometimes you see these little green tomatoes you give a bite it's like a rock so just remember that anything that you see it but it's not ripe that's bosel so a s i'm not allowed to harvest fruit and vegetables from the seventh year that are bosses call them shia giulio or not but you know that's a whole different topic which we learned that last year and if you don't remember a word here we have it online is how do i define the the the season of maser because for every type of vegetable or fruit there's a different season for that and by the way maybe we should learn it again because in two weeks is tu b'shvat and tu bishvat is the rosh hashanah the head of the year for all the vegetation the trees so and and turbisvat is one of the turning points that is called the onat massrot a season for maser so sometimes if something would come out before tubisma i don't have to give myself after to be shot i have to give myself and there are different points in throughout the calendar and this is called or not my sword the seasons of my thoughts so he says i'm not allowed to rip and to harvest fruit and vegetables that are both sailed and are not ripped before it reached to the season of marseille so i need to be knowledgeable a if it's considered basil not ripe and if it's before or after the season of maser and this is important for you to know for for residents of israel you know the severity of my salt and turmoil is uh you know some say that eating fruit and vegetables that were not giving marcel on it is worse than eating a pig in in its level of kashud and in israel like i said many times it's hard to follow you don't know who you buy it from you think you buy from uh from an arab and you really bought it from a jew and there's all sorts of issues but it's important for everybody to know the rules of my thought my my attitude it doesn't matter where i buy it or where i got it unless i actually grew it myself if i have a doubt that it's there's no masculinity i do you still do myself without a blessing but you still give myself from that because i don't know i rather lose 10 percent than to be and to be safe unless i know specifically i went and harvested or took it off the tree then i know then i know i have to give myself in certain situations because in some situations you don't give masera if you pull it off the tree and eat it right away if you don't bring it into your home and so forth you don't want to sidetrack but if i have to give myself on it and i don't know if it was given then better to be safe than sorry put it all aside if the whole process takes you exactly three and a half seconds well exaggerated it takes you a minute and then and then you're safe to go so here he tells you in schnatzmita the fruit and vegetables that are not ripe then you are not allowed to pull them down why would you want to pour a fruit down that is not ripe because maybe on the shelf it will get right i can give you an example but let's say i don't know maybe avocados one might say okay it's not right but if i put it in the fridge or i'll have some trick i'm putting it in foil or whatever and it will get ripe in two weeks then i can still pull it down and some will do it with olives or some will do it with other types of fruit and vegetables so it says you're not allowed to to pull it down or to harvest it if it's before the season of marseille so now it means you have to be knowledgeable with when when exactly are the seasons now we're not going to learn time now next what is the time that i'm prohibited from ripping the fruits when they start growing micheya susema from the moment that they become sma down and again this is another thing that i couldn't find a word for it in english but the sma'dav in most of the fruit first comes the flower and then will come the fruit so the second that the flower falls the status of it is called smadara so you learn now two words bosser is that it's not a ripe and small means that the flower fell down so he says from when i'm not allowed to cut the the fruit meet riladki only after the flower falls down and why is that because then you can actually see the fruits some people will say oh i see already the buds of the flowers the fruit is coming right after so here he says only after the flower falls down then the fruit you can already recognize it that's the the time kodenz manzan mutalik but before that time i'm allowed to pull down the flower or the buds a filo encounter with even though if i don't have any intention to use it i'm just doing it because i'm bored now he has an addition grapes carobs and olives i'm allowed to harvest them even after they become semadaw means that the flowers fell down so if i have a tree that i see the flower but i don't see the fruit yet then i'm not allowed to cut it down i'm not allowed to even if i'm not planning on using it but specifically on carobs olives and grapes then then i'm allowed to to to to read to rip them to harvest them even after they became small means after the flowers fell off it with this we conclude the conditions how do i harvest or reap or take down a fruit from the tree or any grain in the year of then and again this will apply both for the owner both for the random bypasser and and and needless to say all the rest of the rules apply it has to be healthcare and so forth but nevertheless when i'm already i mastered the rules of fk and when am i allowed to now comes another set of rules is how do you harvest it and how do you rip it and so forth and and one needs to follow these rules and as i said before if it's done by the owner and transgressed by the owner then the severity of it the the status of it will be the away type it's done by the the bypasser then the severity the punishment will fall under the rabban and we'll going to learn in the next few sections how do i deal with everything in the in the schminite in the in the eighth year and the rest of the rules for that but for that at least i have an idea how do i harvest and rip things during the time of sweet when it has if it was grown prior to the six year then it has no to shout on it and then i can take it wherever i want [Music] you