Shabbat Shuva Drasha 2021 - Rabbi Yitzchak Berkovits, Rosh Yeshiva, Aish HaTorah

thank you everybody for joining us my name is ben gancha i'm the executive director of aish and i'm thrilled to be here with the tremendous course of introducing the russian shiva reviews i had a unique introduction to him that uh makes today even more powerful for me that's as follows when i joined aish almost a year ago today i was first introduced to the roshi shiva as a brilliant strategist and really an amazing pique a big picture thinker who's the one who helped us really set h on the vision for the next 10 years it's the reshiva's vision the h20 the h vision 2030 which is a comprehensive plan to engage three million more jews in the pursuit meaningful connection of torah wisdom and that's because of the reshive it's because of his desire and his drive to fully engage the entire jewish people that he aligned all of asia both here in ushalayam and across the world to really engage in that mission and so for me my exposure to and my pleasure of working with the russia shiva is towards that end of reaching out to kaiser and engaging them in the meaningful connection to jewish wisdom today i get to join the rest of his thousands of tamidim by appreciating him as a fabulous versus shiva a brilliant author a talented speaker one who's known across the world as the informal posek in the kirov world he's been the mashikiyak rukhani of ace for the last 16 years and only the last few years that he has officially accepted the title of roshi shiva vaish so it's my honor and my great joy and a swiss to be able to learn from him today directly rebbe [Music] one of the most puzzling parts of yum keeper is the fact that we go through the vidui we go to the confessional the video ten times and not once do we say it in the way the rambam tells us you have to in order to fulfill the mitzvah vedli we say lots of extra stuff but the bare basics that the rambam gives us of what the mitzvah of vidui requires we don't seem to do so there are those who say that the rambam is describing the mitzvah of chuva and you've got to say that vidui and the vedu we say on yom kippur oh that's something else that's davening perhaps but it's a bit funny that when shul all day davening and they forgot to put into the daviding the chuva that we're supposed to be doing so i'd like to go through some of the basic concepts in what this mitzvah of vid what they're about and how they would apply to young kipper the rambam begins hiluka's chuva and here i'll begin with even before he gives us the halacha where the rambam goes through the what he calls the purity mitzvah the details of the mitzvah the rambam says i say ah has one mitzvah hashem and that is that the sinner should do chuva yes and should confess should say vidui that's one myth so the mitzvah includes both chuva as well as vidui it's one it's imran begins comments whether a positive or narrative commandment in over odamalachis mayhem if anyone transgressed whether it was on purpose whether it was out of negligence when he does chuva when he does chuva the ram doesn't say du chuva when he does chuva the yahshua mechato and he repents from his sin he has to he is commanded to confess that means the rambam seems to be presenting the mitzvah of vidui as situational if you did chuva when you do chuva you must then say vidui now at the beginning he told us that this mitzvah actually includes chuva in the description of it it makes it sound like shiva you gotta do anyway when you do chuva you have to say vidui the min actually learns that according to the rambam the mitzvah of chuva itself is not really a mitzvah that's not the commandment the commandment is verbalizing your chuva the mitzvah is to verbalize your chuva when you do chuva to verbalize it now what is the source to this mystery so the ramen brings the pasik ishawi this is a passage in the the carbon of aldeviorid who brings the carbonyl of the orate um one of three things someone took a schwa does he took an oath that he does not know he cannot testify he doesn't know witness and in truth he could the other one is a shiva to do or not do something and then he violated ishwar and the other one is tumas miktasva kadashav someone did not realize it he was tami and he went into the base amikta she ate something that way he ate kachin one of his tommy in all of these cases he's got to bring a carbon oliviori it's called oliviori because the carbon itself will be dependent on one's financial status uh it comes a carbon oshie or carbon diox it's either uh it's either an animal or or a bird or just flower or a carmine that's a carmilla so they're the posix says that the person should be miss vande vehisvada he should he should say vidui from there we learn the mitzvah now the rambam here in the yad in vishwatar does not really go through the entire source in safe around mitzvahs he does and he's actually quoting a taurus koanim where the suffrae there the the madrish takes apart that pasik uses almost every word of the pasta to teach me that this is not limited to one who's bringing this carbon this applies to every individual any time he did in aveira it teaches us whether it's an assay whether it's allah whether it's individual whether it's the sibor whether it is in the days of the base amiktas when you can bring a carbon whether it's when one does not bring a carbon that possibly with the extra words and letters is marbe it teaches us all of those situations so what is the source to the midst of chuva according to the ramen the passage of vihiswadu of the passage of he should say vidui along with his carbon the ram then goes on to explain what chuva is all about and we'll get back to that the ramban in hummish learns that there's another source to the mitzvah of juve of him the torah tells us that at the end of days the shafto we will do chuva and hashem will bring us back hashem will bring us all back here it's israel but we'll do chuva says the ramban that's the mitzvah of chuva and not not that long after that we have the sukim that say that uh lord hoki it's not far away from you it's krova the fijo del volco la so-so it's very close to you it's an easy thing says the ramban that's referring to chuva everyone else learns that it's referring to torah the torah is not such a distant thing you don't have to go me april ayam to find it it's right in front of you starship the ramban learns that that is a mitzvah of chuva it is a mitzvah the torah says to do chuva along with that we have the mitzvah vidue which is a different method why does the rambam not bring that pasik so the truth is that the rambam the pharish and hilda shiva actually makes reference to that passage the rambam says that we were promised that in the end of days we're going to do chuva in other words the ramen sees it as a havetah a promise and not a mitzvah the torah is telling it's foretelling that at the end of days before mashiach's coming claudius will do chuva the ram sees it not as a commandment but as a so we have mahogany according to the ramen there are two mitzvahs there's a mitzvah of chuva and a mitzvah of vidu they work together whether you count them separately in the tariag or not is another issue but they're two mitzvahs the mitzvah is deutsche and another mitzvah when you do chuva actually verbalize your juva say it in words according to the rambam it is all from the mitzvah of vidui from which we can infer that you're doing chuva now how is it so clear that you're doing shiva how is it so clear refers to him as safer it's a beautiful safer on the first parts of rambam the anak thomas is very simply if it's just the mitzvah of vidui and it doesn't involve chuva it's a joke you're confessing and you haven't done shiva so what are you saying what are you saying so the truth of the matter is that the rambha already tells us that if someone does juva but he does he doesn't really plan on sticking to his jew didn't have he plans on doing the same thing again he's looking forward to do it again says the ramen that is called tovale the sheriff's biodo that's like someone going to a mikfo while he's holding the sheriff's that was mitami the shmonish person he's holding the very sheriffs that was nutami what kind of feel is it now the idea of todo de cherez villado is a is a gemara good morning tennis foreign seems to be the source to the rama and it is rashi doesn't learn the gemara that way rashi learns that the case is someone is confessing the fact that he stole money but he didn't return it he's still holding on to it that's the total of the sheriff's fiance rashi understands that the top of his shirt for yodo means you're still holding on to the very aveira you did not that you plan on doing it in the future but you you never really made good on your your aveira that you're now confessing that's a total of a sheriff's field the random learns that shot in nakamura is you're saying vidui but you never really made your mind up that you want to stop doing this according to the ramshack it's very understandable how the mitzvah of vedu teaches us that means if you say vidu according to the rambam it is worthless unless your plan is not to do the average again that's what the rambam calls shiva that's children so according to rashi the essence of the mitzvah is make sure you've done good on your avera if you stole return it you hurt someone apologize plus you confess according to the rambam chuva means the resolve that you won't do it again and make sure to verbalize that now in the mitzvah of the rambam includes lots of things this is in in mission torah in the yard where the rambam maya chuva she has that a person should get out of it out of his mind you know this is not something he wants to do the igmar belibo and then he should this should be a resolution that he'll never do it again yazov shot darko according to the rama this is the essence of chuva he's done with this ave he's not going to be doing it again additionally you also have to express regret hashem who knows the depths of our hearts should be able to testify that i'll never do it again wow that's a real big one schnemer velonomerod hello hey no daino the sorek listvados bisfaso volomer ignos et lucia gomer belibo and you have to say it out loud all of these things that you resolve now there's just one one little question here the rambam says that you have to have this this resolution you have to decide you will never do this again then he says you have to regret it and then he says that hashem should have to should be able to testify that you'll never do it again where should the rama put that not after the resolution not to do it again he waits till after he talks about kharata the fact that i've changed my mind i'm upset i did it the mashmos of the rambam is the does harata come from kharata is part of the resolve not to do it again and once according to ram the essence of juve is not to do it again the goal is to be so sure of yourself that you can call hashem as a witness that you'll never do it again how do you get there harotta karate when you regret you you really regret what you did you'll never go back there so according to the ramen the essence of chuva is i've changed my mind i'm not going to do this again this is not where i'm up to i no longer feel like this is i want this is something i want to be part of my life that's the essence of juva so according to the rambam you must express the harata you must express that you'll never do it again here we are so back to our yom kippur the kharatta we put in the words veloco it's not worth it it wasn't worth it that's a very mild karata as far as the kabbalah [Music] that i should not sin again as if till now hashem wanted you to sing but we don't have a real expression of kharata and certainly no expression of i'll never do it again question is what happened to it in yom kippur if you take a look at the rambam in seifer hamidsvis the rambam leaves out most of this as well mitzvah is this is what i did please forgive me no kabbalah what do we do with this plus the rama man did something else the avaki sha machila basil you should ask for forgiveness the rambam indian did not mention that he did not mention that you're supposed to ask for forgiveness now we find in the gemara that there's a limud we learn out that it's supposed to be with the word onno please alimud by the eagle it says honor so from there we learn out video has to have honor hey glad roof it says hashem we learn on hashem what shot in this just learning alexa shava's of words i believe that this limu teaches us that vidui has to come in the form of a bakashas mekhila asking hashem for forgiveness that is the surah of the surah of vedo is asking hashem for forgiveness for one sin that is the essential vedri okay what do we do with the ram in the yad so i'd like to suggest something the ram is hooked the mishnah tells us that ankalos and this is the same it's a slow sensei chuv is a kapara on its own how is it it sounds like from the rambam you need all of the components of chuva to do it that is the kaphara therefore the rambam says that if the mitzvah is vidui and this vidoy has to create the kapara the vidui must include a verbalization of your entire tuva so you've got to say i did this i regret it we'll never do it again all of that is necessary in order for your chuva to give kapara the viduli must include all the elements of jhuva now aside from chuva itself there are other things that are makhape yom kippur is makhape with chuva a corbin is mahaprabhu with chuba and misa is mahaprabhu in all of these cases you need shiva as a condition but what does the kapowra the carbon yum keeper or misa i believe the rambam in safer homicides defines for us the basic format of vidui that is necessary for it to be called vidui meaning suva of course means you won't do it again shiva of course means you feel bad about it and therefore you won't do it again but the vidui that will be called vidui is what he says in several minutes which is a prayer for kaphara you mentioned you didn't have and the prayer for kaphara in order for chuva to give you a kapara the vidui must include everything that was in your mind with the chuva how about if you bring in go corbin how about yom keeper how about when someone is on his deathbed all that counts is he says avidui in the format of a prayer for kappara that'll be enough of course you've got to do two but in terms of the vidui if the vidui does not have to do the kaphara but it's yom kippur or the carbon or misa that's doing it you don't have to speak everything out in your vidue as long as you really did a chuba blade and you were making vidui with the bare basics of idli of course you got to do chuva you got to go through your varys and decide you cannot stand them which is what the harotta is you hate them so much to the point that hashem could testify you'll never do it again you're in such pain over what you did that's necessary in the heart so if it's not yom kippur and you want a kaphora you have to verbalize all of that whereas anyone kipper once you did your chuva and you're making vidue and what's the format a prayer for kalpara and you mentioned the aveira that does it what is the video of young kipper it is a prayer for forgiveness that is precisely what the vidue of yom kippur is it's a prayer for forgiveness for all of our awareness and we mention them so we're making the whole idea of idli this isn't the vidue of chuva that'll give you a kapoor on its own this is a video that works on yum keeper duramban the ramban in taurus autumn brings the vidue shrivera what is a person supposed to say on his deathbed so this is something one should know in case anyone ever asked them generally speaking people think you know you say vidui before you go. so they take out the yom kippur master and that's what they say the lotion of the vidue of the ramban and by the way it is written so sensitively that when someone is really not well and you don't want to scare him you got to hear what he writes this is the washing mode you can heal me or you can decide not to he wrote some foreign may it be your will for shalom foreign should it be that i don't survive the same health the first is not very scary it is essentially a prayer for either or for shalem or a kapari in case it doesn't work but it's at phil it's a prayer it's it's villa it's at philadelphia it does not say anything about kharata and it doesn't mention anything about not sitting again in the first person on his deathbed same idea the capari here is going to be misa you don't need all the other elements what you need is a fill-up for kaphara so all in all what we get out of this is the following during the year a person wants to do chuva he's got to go through the steps of chuva which means got to make sure that he's really determined to change the way he's living he's really determined not to do this again to the point that emotionally he is repulsed by what was done with the hope that those emotions will prevent him from doing it again he then must express that hashem this is what i did i am so pained by it won't do it again i am kipper or bringing a carbon or in the video what counts is that it is a tiller for kaphara with one of those things at phila for kapara mentioning the fact that he did not vary and that's it but suva he's got to do but in terms of the mitzvahs vidui all those details are not necessary that's only necessary when the vidu itself is going to create the kapara so yum keeper is really special that means yum keeper yum kippur is what does the kapoor the day itself hashem put into the day of yom kippur the spiritual forces the spiritual energy of kaphara of allowing our past to disappear and possibly even turn into mitzvas depending on how good a jew we've done for the asking the middle bracha of all the shmoney estres and yom kippur are a prayer for kaphara you can ask the whole day should be spent on the confession and hashem will forgive us why a prayer for kapoor that's the mitzvah's video of the day the eaker is the tvilla for kampara so i named kipper do you it beforehand but the eaker of the avodah sayon is a fila a real prayer for hashem to cleanse us and put us on a whole different level as people shabba shabazo a day of peace a day that we get rid of our inner struggles our inner turmoil and we start afresh may give us to really change the way we behave and of course be mahapraz cleanse our souls and allow us to be pure and start all over again as he does year after year for kali as well