Rambam Mishneh Torah: Hilchos Talmud Torah Chapter 7

the yeshiva.net [Music] rambam the seventh and last chapter of the laws of today's studies at the end of chapter 6 the rambam enumerated 24 sins which theoretically wore into needle excommunication the first one was somebody who scorns embarrasses or terrorist atom the last one of the 24 is somebody who excommunicates somebody else and he was not deserving of it then he himself becomes excommunicated and then there were the 22 in between now the rambam in the seventh chapter continues on this very theme if you have a sage who was one of the outstanding sages of the generation an extraordinary sage oh you have the nasi remember the time of the baby and even afterwards you had the sanhedrin the supreme court of the jewish people which numbered 71 sages and the one on the top the one who was considered the spiritual leader of the jewish people is called the nasi the prince then you have the avbesden who's under him he is the father of the best and he is the head of the great sanhedrin of the great court so when you have an outstanding sage or the nasi or the who committed a terrible sin that would warrant excommunication so nobody is above the law in judaism not a nasty not enough based in a not a king nobody not even maishna banu is above the lawmaker we never excommunicate them publicly which means we do not make turn it into a public ordeal unless this person even though he's a great personality emulates the path of yurovan benevot and his colleagues was considered the greatest terrorist age of his generation that's what the gemara says in sanhedrin deriving it from the verses in and after shlaim allah passed away his son succeeded him as the king of the jewish people and then your raven benevot split off from and he became an independent king and this established what we know as the northern kingdom a civil a civil strife between the two kingdoms of the jewish people malchus israel and even though iran have had such a promising destiny in the jewish people in his attempt to dissuade the jews from going back to jerusalem and going to the bay samitosan erected two golden calves and introduced pagan idolatry into the jewish world the pikavas calls him he basically spiritually demoralized and broke the spine of the jewish people causing so many to sin and abandon mitzvos and abandon their muna in hashem if a nasi or an afbestin or engages in such type of behavior then it's important to publicize what happened not only to communicate them but to publicize it so people should understand the depth of the tragedy and be careful but if that is not the case if they just committed a sin and there's hope that they're going to do truva so even if we excommunicate them we don't want to publicize it not only because we don't want to embarrass them because ultimately it can demoralize the entire nation and therefore we are so sensitive but if he engaged in other sins even if it's a serious sin that theoretically could warrant a punishment like lashes we will lash them but clandestinely privately shinema the passage says in hishaya haishaya parikdala this is a very scathing chapter where the navi chastises and rebukes the jewish people for immoral and promiscuous behavior and he you have says today and also the prophet stumbled with you during the night so hazal explain this means even when the prophet or in this in this situation the great titus sage who is a conduit for the words of turn even if he stumbled cover it up like the knight so even though he has to receive lashes let it be privately secretly and even if he has to be excommunicated he shouldn't be scorned and disgraced and humiliated publicly it should be like the darkness of night where people do not see it again because this person is such an outstanding figure in the jewish figure in the jewish world if we place a public ban and excommunication on him unless he's really really deserving of that type of treatment because he is a danger to claudius like your oven benefit and his friends but if that's not the situation then we want to protect not only him but we also want to protect the jewish people who have had so much honor and so much respect for this person if we see that this person made a mistake and hopefully they will repent and come back and therefore we protect their honor the imrim the way we excommunicate one of these three individuals is by saying to him he coveted the shave babes your respect will be if you stay home quarantined if you remain quarantined in your home in other words you have to stay home this is how you will gain your respect so even the language we use for the excommunication is a subtle one it's a refined one similarly any torah sage even if he's not in this category of a zakin mufligara nasi but he is deserving of excommunication also the best it's forbidden for the jewish court to jump on him and to swiftly excommunicate him allah as much as possible they try to run away from these situations and try to avoid it avo try to avoid it in other words never ever will they seek you know the having a grind to acts oh he's never liked him he did something wrong let's jump and excommunicate it on the contrary they will try to do whatever they can to avoid this the pious one from among the sages used to praise themselves that they never ever gathered and became part of a court part of a vote to excommunicate the talmud this is based on a gemara muay qatar udain word of papa one of the greatest talmudic sages said tastily i deserve great reward that throughout my entire life i would never be involved in excommunicating even though the same pious ones would become part of a vote of desden to vote if he's deserving of lashes and they would say yeah and and if if he would be deserving they would be part of that fellow marcus and even rebellious lashes which is basically the type of punishments that desden might administer for somebody who doesn't violate a biblical law but somebody who violates a rabbinic law so besdon sees and decides what type of punishment or penalty is fit for this person so he might he may join the vote for a talmud if he's deserving of it if he's deserving even of rebellious lashes but not for excommunication because excommunication is far more severe even than corporal punishment halacha base till now we learned why what sins warrant excommunication weren't warranty and who we excommunicate we excommunicate everybody but how we deal with it when we're talking about an outstanding figure in the jewish world now comes a lot of base what is excommunication what happens what are the ramifications vacation what is nido how do you do this they say plainly bashanta so and so is under a ban the immediate fun of if it's in his presence they say then this person who's right here is basham this under a ban there is a more severe form of excommunication called the rama is going to discuss that later so when somebody is placed under a harem then they say mukhram so and so is under excommunication on the level of not plainly basham but plain in much basically says there's different terms that are used you could say this and this person whether he's in front of us or not in front of us is under a nidui or under asham that's the first level of excommunication and then there's something more severe where you would say so and so whether he's here or not here is mukhram under the rama but there's another term that's used error sometimes you may use the word which means cursed is cursed says here you have to figure out what the intention of the court was why because are can have three different meanings in allah by allah it could be referring to a curse by schwa it could be referring to an oath and by nidhi and finally it could be referring to excommunication which means the terrorist says i'm not going to curse another jew if i use the word aru that violates that violation that that transgression if i use the word aru could mean a curse aru can also be an oath so for example if i say i am cursed to hashem if i eat cheesecake for the next 30 days that is a language that can be employed for an oath and finally or can be used as a term for excommunication when you say this person is cursed it may mean he is under a ban of excommunication so you have to find out what was the intent of the word order when the court employed this phrase so we have nidu we have shamta we have are then we have a different category called this is how you impose a ban okay how do we annul excommunication on the level of needle or we tell the person you are free this ban has been removed from you or you're forgiven if they annul the ban not in his presence and will soon see in the rambam when it's done this way or that way then you say plainly so and so he's if he's here you say shari you're free you're forgiven if he's not here you can't say your because he's speaking in third person then you say plainly which means so and so x y and z mr so-and-so he is free o he is forgiven and then the ban is removed and everything goes back to normal now comes we discussed how you impose a ban how you remove the ban what is a ban what are the practical ramifications what are the actual behavioral patterns that somebody who is under a ban of excommunication what he has to do and how others relate to him so the rambam says two things minute the one who has been excommunicated he is forbidden to take a haircut or to bathe basically these were derived from somebody who's sitting shiva and grieving the death and the loss of a loved one so call you mainly all the time that he is in excommunication he is like an oval and therefore he will not bathe and he will not take a haircut now we speak about other people's relationships with him we will not join him in a misumi where you have three people making them a zombie after ben after eating nor will we include him in a minion for anything in yiddish guy that requires 10 people whether it's reading of the torah david with a minion he will not become part of a minion you do not sit with him in the same four amis the same four cubits which would be approximately in the same six or eight feet ava he can teach others tita and he can be taught by others tighter meaning you don't have to throw him out of the yeshiva the base manager he can come to the sheer you're allowed to teach him and he could continue his vocation as a teacher of 30 even when he's under excommunication this is fascinating viniskar and he could be hired by people you can hire him for a job beside her and he can hire other people for a job you don't have to say oh i was hired by this guy who's under a needle i'm not working for him never no no you can go work for him and he'll pay your salary it's fine yes you can join him for the minion you don't bring him into the museum you don't sit in the obamas but you can hire him and he can hire you and pay you that's what he says vinisker he can be rented out for others meaning others can hire him he can be an employee and beside her he can serve as an employer who hires other people the amazing what happens if he dies before his needy was annulled he never repented he never returned he never retracted or reversed his actions then based in chelsea the court sends and has a stone placed on his coffin kalima which represents the idea in regular states like symbolically they are stoning him leficia moved on because he really separated from claudius he segregated himself from the community vanessa reclaimer needless to say they don't eulogize him and they don't escort his coffin an interesting thing is is he allowed to go to shul is he allowed to go to shul so the rama says it's not a problem you don't have to throw him out of shul you cannot make him part of the minion but he is allowed to daven in shul that is not a problem this di rama discusses in these locals of excommunication another interesting thing is his wife and his children so the says clearly this does not relate to his wife and his children his wife and his children could come and sit with him in his four cubits in other words his continuous life we allow to go on as normal so therefore his family could be with him the rama even brings a shitta that is all bane basa apparently the whole extended family can be with him in the house there ahmad brings that in i also saw it yes all the people in the house are allowed to be with him in in uh dalai damas there are also right now it says interesting the issue is you can't go into his four armas and sit with him but let's say i'm sitting i'm sitting in school or wherever i'm sitting and he comes into my for almost i don't have to run away i've been sitting there he comes into my furamis that's not my problem i'm now let it go into his for amis that's what the rama explains in this is all somebody who's under a nidui yasira lovamukharam it's more serious when somebody is placed on the rakeda he is now let it teach other people and nor do you teach him tyra aval shaina hula atsumai but he's allowed to learn himself tired now you would think the reason he's now let it teach others and then i want to teach him is because on avail during shiva is now going to learn tyranny he's like an avil and this is a very serious form of awareness because somebody was under a need we allowed him to continue learning the mitzvah of tyra we allowed just like we could allow him to continue working and making a living and supporting his family but somebody was under a haitian he's actually like a novel in the sense that he can't learn and he can't teach he can't learn from others and he can't teach others but he's allowed to learn himself you know because we know that if we take from him away the opportunity to continue learning and this doesn't go for seven days it can go for a long time he's going to forget his learning we never punish anybody in a way that it lasts forever or it takes away his former achievements when he's under the haitim he's not going to teach others and he's not learned from others but if you don't let him learn as the rambam says and he'll say as long as a person is not involved in learning he forgets his learning so by not letting him learn today we're punishing him for the long-term future till the end of his life because he's going to forget his learning and that's why even under a hairdo he could continue learning his currently he cannot be hired by others and nobody can be hired by him they know his nicene you don't engage in business relations with him the aim is asking him you don't have dealings with him only the minimal amount of business that he needs in order to be able to support himself and his family in other words we don't want this person to starve khalil we don't want that he shouldn't be able to provide his children with bread and their necessities it means you can engage with him in business as much as is necessary to make sure that he earns a basic livelihood where the person under a needle there's no inhibitions you can engage with him in business dealings as much as you would like me she ashamed generally speaking when they put somebody under a needle as the poison say it was usually for 30 days unless as we will see if the person completely changes his ways and repents you could remove the needle right away as the rambam will explain but generally he is for 30 days so misha shall be somebody was sitting under a needle meaning if somebody was excommunicated for 30 days and he did not seek to rescind it he was not interested in knowledge then you excommunicate him a second time now another 30 days pass and he still he's not interested he doesn't ask the best to another then i say now it's up a notch from a needle to a harem so after 30 days and then another 30 days where he's completely not interested in nullifying the the the need and he didn't do anything in other words he's not repent he doesn't reverse his ways whatever the issue was the reason they put him in for example he was selling tray for meat and he's completely not interested in changing his ways he's not ready for his knife of shrita to be checked as we discussed or the besides said that he owes this person money and he refuses to pay this person money or whatever the other situations were that we give a hater to this person he brings people to kill hashem he prevents people from doing a mitzvah and all these things he's not interested in repentance 30 days has passed 60 days passed so now we up the needle from a needy in the hope that this will perhaps be more effective and help the person see the catastrophe that he has brought upon himself and upon upon his uh upon his soul i just want to bring out one point and that is the simon shin lamad which as i mentioned are the laws of harem says that usually we excommunicate a person for 30 days but but if the person has repented you will immediately nullify and annul that ban of excommunication what happens if he does not repent there is a view in halakhah that if he comes to best and after 30 days and asks them to annul the ban they will annul it even even if he did not yet change his ways in other words 30 days is enough to learn a lesson we hope you're going to change even if he doesn't do anything but at least if he asks them to get rid of the ben they will get rid of the ban but there is another opinion in shaking that says no even after 30 days he asks for it he has to ultimately show that he's a changed person and that's the second opinion in here clearly says 30 days he didn't ask for it to be an old if he did ask to be annulled they would take it off but perhaps that means only if he actually changed the he he repented from the sin that caused it initially zion how is it in all the common material we learned before the language that's used but how many people do you need to annul the nidu or the three people this is similar to taurus nadarum when somebody makes a nether a vow i make a promise and i need it to be a null so slosh is three simple people can annul the vow and essentially anidu is a form and is a form of a vow we place like through like we place a ban an excommunication over on him it's it's a form of a vow so even three simple people can do it even one individual if he's an expert in these he can nullify the excommunication ban alone this is an interesting we learned earlier that a talmud is never allowed to render a halal decision in the presence of azireba and even if it's 12 kilometers within 12 kilometers away from israel if he has to render allah judgment unless he's literally stopping somebody from doing another he has no right to do it when his rebbe is alive when his rebel is present unless he is very very far away and he got permission from his rebbe or he's far away and something happens coincidentally then he's allowed to do it even without permission but to permanently start pausing he has to have permission from his head but that's only when he's far away when he's in the presence of he has to defer it to his teacher here we have an exception a student is allowed a null even in the space of the rebbe and the reason is because even if it's going to take only a few hours or a few days to go to the rabbit we do not want to cause a jew unnecessary pain and aggravation it's a fascinating and therefore the moment this person is deserving of getting the ban removed even a talmud can do it in the makkah in the region of israel if three people let's say a besden excommunicated somebody but then they left the hazardous vacation this person repented he retracted from that sin which brought upon him this ban so now he wants that they should rescind the the ban but they're not here anymore so the rambam says no problem so three other people could come and annul the ban we don't need to have the three original people who impose the ban on him said before you need three people obviously it's great of the best who impose the ban removes the ban but let's say they're gone you don't force them to go search for them or wait till they come back you can bring in another three people and they can do it if somebody doesn't know who excommunicated him is the spiritual leader of the jewish people and he will rescind he will recite he will rescind the ban of excommunication now this is a difficult allah to understand because iran just said earlier in allah you need three people but you don't need the three original people you can have three other people to annul the ban so what's the problem even if i don't know who plays the ban on me it's just like you said before that three people placed a ban on me but they left so i could use somebody else so what's the difference if i don't know who did it why do i have to go to the nasi this seems like a very difficult and a clear contradiction to the previous halachas so the mafia struggle with this and i think one of the most straightforward explanations is in the mishnah and other mufarshim and the way to appreciate it is to know the context and the background where did the rambam get this from it's a story in my cotton lokish was one of the greatest talmudic sages of his day he lived in eretz israel he was a brother-in-law of rebycon and the editor of thomas jerusalem they lived in the third and fourth century after the common era and richlakrish's name was shimon bin laksh was a security guard who used to guard for for parnosa for livelihood he used to guard orchards so that no thief will steal the food and the rambam said before you remember in the title that the ideal life of the talmud is somebody who toils with his hands and he eats the fruit of his own labor in any case rashlakis is guarding this orchard and a fellow walks in and starts eating figs surya shlakosh who is the shimmer starts yelling at him so uh the person continues eating he ignores vegetakish and rich lakish is really trying to stop him from eating this figs and the person is not responding so what does rich lakers say that uh that this governed this person you are under excommunication so the person looks up at your shlaka she says i'm under excommunication you are under excommunication you are excommunicated you know why because you just excommunicated an innocent person i owe you money i owe you money for eating the fix but where is there that somebody who goes into somebody's field and eats figs he has to pay for the fix he's not going to steal the fix but he's excommunicated in other words you just excommunicated a person who did not deserve it and therefore is you're excommunicated wow so what happens rish luckage goes to the base madrish and he tells his friends the stories how's the story and you know what they say to him they say your ex communication was meaningless his ex communication is actually valid you are under a ban of excommunication which by the way this is how the rambam learned that number 24 at the end of chapter 6 what is the 24th sin for which you get excommunication when you excommunicate somebody who didn't deserve it what's his sources i told you drama collected all the 24 items from everywhere in shaas this is the source for number 24 because rich lakers was under a ban sriracha asked the colleagues and base members what should i do how do i get rid of it so they said go ask forgiveness go ask him akilah let go and let him remove the ban apologize to him i don't know who he is he's not there anymore and i don't know his name i didn't recognize him so i can't go to him so you know they told her sluggish go to the nursey go to the spiritual leader of the jewish people and he will remove the bat this is the source of the realm of now let's analyze this event could rashlakish have taken somebody else to remove the ban why didn't he tell them the base managed to remove the ban the answer is when the people are removing the ban is because of a sin i did to hashem and i do chuva so then even the person who imposed the ban even if the person who imposed the bet on me is not here i can go to somebody else but here the problem is i have to apologize to you the problem is i put trish lucas put him under a ban of excommunication when he didn't deserve it nobody else can remove the ban because they were not hurt by that purse spider sluggish luggage has to go to apologize to this person that's the issue that's the uniqueness in allah let's think of another situation let's say i disgrace i horribly embarrass and curse and publicly privately humiliated and he puts me under a ban of excommunication like we learned in chapter six because of the covet of terror he puts me under a man now he's gone i want to go to somebody else and say remove the ban the problem is i never apologize to the tamil i never did what i have to do to make good to make men's ooh now i have a problem in a case wherebes didn't put a ban over me because i did something wrong i did a sin and then i do sure the rambling says those are critical words now you could bring three other people what do i care if it's not the people who impose the bad and allah is talking about a situation where i don't know who did it and i have to know who did it because i have to apologize to him because i actually i did something wrong to him and i need his forgiveness now i have a problem so the problem how the solution is you go to the nausea why the nausea you go to the top of the food chain in other words i may have been put under a ban by an extraordinary great person so going to anybody else besides that person is not enough because the ban was imposed by such an extraordinary individual so i go all the way to the top of the food chain to the nasi and once he annulles the ban it may work i will ask a question if i personally hurt somebody how can the nasty forgive me for that let's say i embarrassed him and he's not here he's alive but he's not here how can the nasty help me how can your slutters go to the naziris said that this person is under excommunication perhaps you can add one more detail and that is rashi says about anasi rashi says in parish the nasi really encompasses all of the nisham is israel all of the jewish people the nasty is like a brain the leaders of the people are called rashe alfa israel the heads right so therefore a brain feels the pain in every single limb and every single organ even what happens to a toenail is experienced and felt in the brain so perhaps when you go to the nazi this is how the sam say for explaining if somebody has somebody ill in his home and he should have been for you why is the dominating for me directly to hashem in fact there were many poison who took issue with the tv where we asked them him to intervene to hashem on our behalf why are you going to we don't believe in intermediaries every jew can speak directly to the rebirth says not separate all the jews are one organism and the like the brain and the brain actually feels your brain more acutely than any other part of the body so when the ham is dominating for you it's like you're dominating for yourself because we're all connected so perhaps the nasi actually feels the pain of what that person went through who you humiliated maybe even more than him if he's a real messi who encompasses nashama's israel like the brain is the central nervous system that encompasses the entire living organism and therefore when the nasi annals you are good and everything goes back to normal a fascinating thing is that in most importance of rambam is missing and this has been a long-standing mystery why is hallow missing i believe that in the oxford print of the rambam the oxford manuscript of the rambam it's known as rambam oxford over there uh this peric only has over there this peric has actually 12 halakhas and tess is substituted for hess so is not missing but in many editions and manuscripts of the rambam is missing it's been a long-standing mystery what happened to allah how did it fall out where did it fall out there's stories about it interesting stuff about it somebody once suggested i saw the rambam he says maybe you know the way jews used to refer to akhiram is they used to say yes with an apostrophe because it was like a frightening word so he says maybe this chapter which is about nidhi and hayden they took out the hess because of and perhaps other theories also some say that the rambam actually did not write the numbers of the he just made spaces between the paragraphs in other words every allah was a paragraph and he made a space so he actually didn't write the numbers that's what i saw somebody wrote i didn't research it so perhaps he says it was just the numbering system that was wrong and then there are there was a story that that that i once read and i'm not i can't vouch for it i don't know if it's true it's uncertainly a fascinating story that devalhemtiv once said that he came to heaven and he went to the heckle of the rambam he went to the chamber of the rambam and he confronted him about a certain halacha that he wrote that the basham to felt was was was not right and they debated and they argued and the rambam at the end admitted and he said you're right and the rambam said that i will even erase this from my safer and there is a story i don't know if it's myth if it's a joke if it's a real story that somebody shared this story with her maisha feinstein and maisha feinstein said i don't know if it's true but i do know that there's one place in the whole rambam where is missing and that is which deals with quite severe and stringent stuff of i'm just mentioning this very interesting discussion about it could be that the reason is far more simple and that is there was some mistake that crept in at some point in history and this number fell fell out it may also be when you look at a lockheed gimbal halachia gimbal actually combines two themes that don't seem to be they don't seem to uh deserve to be in the same aloha perhaps over there there was an error they should have been separated um some saying the opening of the parikh the the the the the first talaka should be split into any but i just want to mention this interesting fact that we don't have in another place in missionary that there's a whole halacha that's missing on a condition for example let's say best and tell somebody if you don't do so and so you're going to be under excommunication right or if you do so and so it's with a stipulate they don't put them on the exclamation they do it with a tanay if you do this you don't do this even even if you do it to yourself you say if i don't do so and so if i don't fulfill this promise i should be under excommunication sorry such a needle has to be annulled even if i actually fulfill the conditions i shouldn't be under excommunication but the very fact that i postulated this possibility i created this possibility it needs annulment who places himself under a ban for philip and even if he placed this ban upon himself based on somebody else's consent like his teacher said you know you should put yourself under a ban but phil aldo shall ever love neither and even if he placed himself under a ban because he actually deserved it let's say he did something wrong and he puts himself under a ban of may for latimer he can also annul the ban for himself since he is the one who imposed it upon himself he is the one who can also remove it from himself he doesn't have to go to a yacht who doesn't have to go to the shedding says in a story a fascinating story mahazutra one of the great sages if he saw one of his students perform a serious sin which warranted anitu somayzutra before he would place a needly on this student he would put himself under anitri he would say why this has two reasons first reason is empathy empathy he was in so much pain that he has to put his talmud under a needle he did not want his talmud should go through this on his own he's also going to go through this knee to him i'm not going to let you be excited i'm also gonna be i excommunicated you because of what you did i'm not deserving of it but he placed himself under a ban of excommunication to be able to empathize to be able to feel what his student is going through fascinating second reason is he won't forget to annul the other person's ban because he himself is under a band so this is a classic example where atom places himself under a man of excommunication but he doesn't need anybody else to want knowledge he can annul himself in the realm says even in a situation not like myself even in a situation where somebody else told him to do it like his rebbe or he did it because he actually was deserving of the ban still he could unknow this ban from him from himself on the other hand similarly in the beginning of if i do a need on a tana even if i do it myself i say i need i'm under a ban if i do so and so that ban has to be another classic situation for this is the gamora and marcus yehuda told yaakov avinu that he should give him binyamin and he says if i don't bring him back to you from egypt he places himself under a ban in this world and in the next world if he does not bring back binyamin and indeed we know that that ban had a very very powerful impact on you does the quran describes how ryoish had to davan for yehuda because his bones were chaotic in the cough and they were not cohesive and integrated because of the that yehuda placed upon himself at that moment and from here we learned that nidu al-tanai even when you do it to yourself sorry for it it has to be annulled christmas does say in the name of rabbi no tom that this is only in a situation when it's possible that the tanay won't be fulfilled like yehuda he was not sure that he's going to be able to bring back binyamin so then the nudi actually has validity because as long as it didn't happen as long as it didn't bring back i'm in limbo maybe yes maybe not but if you know for sure that under natural circumstances you will be able to fulfill the tanai and there's nothing preventing you from it so then the needle never took hold it was nev never took root and then it does not need hafari that is a swara that toysvilus brings in uh in the sugiya in the marcus uh i believe i'm mentioning tuesdays i should also mention something else i mentioned before the story of reshlakesh with the with this person who went in to take the figs rashlaker says if he was stealing why shouldn't he be under a harem and the answer is for taking somebody's figs you don't go under a chair anita is only if besdon tells you to pay and you refuse to follow through then you're under a needy but somebody who comes into a field and takes figs even if you're yelling at him and he doesn't stop he doesn't go under what need to do you could take him to bed and if bezen tells him to pay him then he doesn't want to pay he could put him underneath sluggers didn't have a right to put him on to renee and i should also say that tyson's add something else that it's possible that in that region there was a minig that people used to go into people's fields eat figs and then they would pay for the figs it was like a takeaway you go in you take your food and then you pay for it so therefore was wrong for putting him under a knee because he was eating the thing now maybe rich was afraid he's not going to pay or maybe urish felt that there's something wrong here whatever the situation is but the bottom line is he wasn't even engaged in thievery because the custom was you go into a field you take figs and then you pay for it so while you're putting me under anita which actually makes very much sense in the gemara because the person told rish lakhish i owe you money but i don't owe you a needle you could tell me give me the money you know davai groshi but don't tell me that i am in kratom i just wanted to clarify that an interesting question somebody asked is derivative says if atom is allowed a null his own vow to rambam says so why couldn't yahudah on all his own vow right that's the life it says this is a fascinating fascinating question i saw one interpreter one answer again could do afar himself on his on his nidu yahooda did this nidhi upon himself president didn't do it so why couldn't why couldn't he himself why couldn't he himself a null another vow some people say maybe the rambam says then you can't be made for latimer and i think that says in reshonen so therefore yahooda in his humility didn't consider himself a talmud he didn't consider himself a talmud so he could not nullify his vow because it's only talmud who could nullify his own vow explore this there's different interpretations given in other words maybe who didn't consider himself why didn't yakov do it some say since put himself under a ban not only in this world but also in islam so over there hatara doesn't help this this is a discussion i just wanted to make mention of it base base is a fascinating somebody has a dream and in my dream i was excommunicated if somebody was placed under a ban in a dream affiliate even if he knows who did it he saw in the dream who did it he needs ten people who learn which means not only humish and misha they also learned tomorrow they learned the pill the depth of the background of graham discussed in chapter one to rescind the ban why ten we just said three or one why ten the answer is because the iran says this is because if you saw it in your dream we are cautious that maybe hashem put this person under excommunication derivation it was a vision a prophetic like vision that hashem did it and even if i saw who did it so it's not hashem perhaps the fact that it happened in a dream means that this person was a and he was an emissary representing hashem's will that i should be under band when i bring ten jews together we have a principle a kobe asura shin to share the shrine of dwells among ten jews so it's like the shrine is there so when they unknow the ban it's like the shrine and all the ban what if he hasn't fined found ten jews who learn he has to search for them and go to the distance of a parasite a paris is basically four mil a mill is approximately a kilometer two thousand alma is a mill so a pirate says eight thousand armors two four six eight and if it would be around four kilometers you're talking about 2.4 miles two and a half miles so i have to search for ten jews who learn gemara for two and a half miles in order to annul the ban loi matzah what if i haven't found such ten people materials are shining mission then ten who learn mishnah can also win all the bad lloyd mots if he hasn't found materially misheard in the crusader then you could find 10 jews who know how to learn read tereshabiksav and that's enough and they can announce matzah what if he hasn't found that too maternally philosophers even 10 jews who do not know how to read homage they don't even know how to read terrorism except normally if he hasn't found in his place 10 who can't even read he can't find 10 jews at all three would be enough but the heaven and the vow and the ban is removed somebody who was excommunicated in his presence he was there you now know the ban only in his presence me do shall i before enough if the ban was placed on him not in his presence then materially been found a bunch of fun then you cannot either when he's there or he's not there what's the reason for this so the iran explains the massachusetts if somebody was excommunicated not in his presence okay so i don't care if they remove it not in his presence it's all good but what happens if he was there when the pat when the ban was placed on him so he knows about it right and therefore he sees that people are treating him differently because he's under a needle he's under a needle now they remove the ban not in his presence so he may not know about it so what happens so suddenly he sees that people are talking to him he doesn't know that they removed the ban because they put the ban in front of him so he knew about it but they didn't remove it so he thinks people couldn't care less about people couldn't care less about toyota the community doesn't care about the best then it's a mockery of the best and this can only embolden them and it can only have catastrophic effects so therefore we say that you have to remove the ban in his presence just like you put it on him in his presence the rush says it's an issue of respect if you excommunicated somebody to his face he is deserving that in his presence you remove that shame you remove that you remove that humiliation it's an issue of respect for allah there need not be any time between excommunication and rescinding excommunication even one moment you can place them under a bend and the next moment you annul and obliterate the bad as long as he does truth as he repents so for example he comes out of besdon president says you owe this widow or this orphan or this person money says absolutely not he's a thief i'm not paying anything i don't care about the verdict you can all go fly a kite and they place him under an idli and he's you know what i'm paying a moment later the nidui is removed conversely if besdon feels that this person should be left under the nidui for many years they will do so based on his wickedness similarly if best and felt that this person should be immediately put into a harem usually 60 days have to pass minimum 60 days to be placed in but they felt that this is such a serious situation it should be placed under ahead oh they feel it's such a serious situation they should impose a harem on anybody who eats with him or drinks with them or stands with him in the same form as usually if i go into the hamas of somebody who's in an idiot i don't get put into a harem i did something wrong but there's no harem on me but they feel that this is such a severe situation distance should be preserved and therefore anyone who violates the qaeda should also be put into then the rambam says they have the right to put this person or people into haitim in order to show that it's syria's business in order to rebuke him first of all in order to knock some sense hopefully in his mind they should realize that this is serious and do trivia and also to create a fence to protect toyota so that the sinners shouldn't breach all the boundaries of judaism and wreak havoc moral havoc by creating these firm boundaries the rambam now finishes the last section of gimmel and he goes back to the whole beginning of the discussion how did we get into all of this that is not you're never allowed to in allah embarrass another jew but there's any jew but there's a special sin which we discussed in holy days if i embarrass somebody publicly but there's a special sin in mocking and scorning and humiliating and embarrassing somebody who breathes title who lives with tyra who teaches tyra says permission to excommunicate somebody for his honor it is not praiseworthy for him to live this way he should block his ears from the words of the ignoramus from the ignorant people who are not very scrupulous and title who may score in him and he shouldn't pay heed to them said in his wisdom s sometimes you have to know how not to hear certain things that people say this is the path of the pious ones of yours and the enemy they would hear their disgrace people would embarra would disgrace them would say words that are obnoxious or rude or disgusting they would not respond often they would even forgive the one who cursed them they would allow for atonement to happen the great sages used to praise themselves about their refined actions they used to testify that they used to testify that never did they put a person under a ban and never did they excommunicate a person for their own honor this is the appropriate path of how a talmud should live even though he's allowed to but it's inappropriate the way for the talmud is to forego his honor and not to place a person under a ban of ex communication ahmed varima morgan when was scorned and cursed publicly he's not allowed to forego his honor very much if he does he's punishment because this is never it's not about his personal ego if the person was talking to me directly even if he said wrong things and was obnoxious and it was rude and it was inappropriate the talmud his focus is i want to forgo it i may even forgive it and ultimately this person could learn and grow through positive reinforcement or whatever other methods possible but he says if it's a public disgrace now that talmud has to think about the fact that it could be actually very detrimental for children be very detrimental for families be very detrimental for communities it could be very detrimental for everybody because what was denigrated was not an individual and his own ego and his own honor but what he represents he represents the life of tidy represents the truth of third he says the equation changes now allah rather than he has to take vengeance and and harbor harbor a certain enmity like the snake like the serpent until the person who did this asks for forgiveness and then of course and of course he should forgive him for him it's fascinating the rama uses the words harbor enmity and take vengeance like a snake like a serpent it comes from the gemara in yuma the guardian says why did they use the word snake why'd they use the word serpent i want to read to you an interpretation of the bol shampoo the balsamic says i saw this in balsham and i'm going to quote the balsamic here and i'm going to say it in english i've heard it on the possibility suck them don't take revenge in part dash i've heard in the name of the bolshevik what does it mean that atomic has to take revenge and harbor enmity this whole thing doesn't make sense the terrorist says loya sikkim the way sitter don't harbor garages don't take revenge how can we say here has to take revenge we tell the snake we really don't understand you a lion devours other animals because it's hungry a wolf devours because it's hungry and the same is true with other animals that devour smaller animals to eat what benefit what game what joy do you the serpent have from injecting venomous into a human being or another living organism what is it and the answer that's given in the gemara and it's also an airkin and in madrid is that the the that responds so to speak you think i'm doing this on my own this is ultimately i'm a messenger of god whatever the will of hashem that's basically what's happening and as the gemara says has no hana there's no joy there's no benefit there's no personal gain of hashem says that follows an incredible idea he says sometimes somebody does something to a talmud or says something to a talmud and the talmud ego gets insulted he may be a great terrorist sage and learn a lot of traitor but he has an ego and he gets insulted but you know what it's below his dignity to do anything because you know people he doesn't want people to think that he's so egotistical and he's self-centered and he's so centered about his own honor and as long as he doesn't do anything but he keeps it in his heart the toxic feelings are there and now he waits and when this person who insulted him years ago does some of her or does something else that's inappropriate says matsuba of malcolm now i can jump on him now i can get him back and i take revenge for all the animosity i never liked this guy i never liked that when i came into shul he didn't give me the respect i always hated this fella but i couldn't say anything i'm the bi you know i'm the leader but now finally he did a sin i i seized the opportunity so much the balsham to style i seized opportunity or will i get him back and only in the name of god in the name of third i will make his life miserable the balsamic says this is what's happening he says he doesn't care about hashem at all he's not thinking about god he's not thinking about truth he's thinking about his own ego says the gemara that's not a talmud says if you're not like you're on an ego trip you got your own insecurities and your own skeletons and your own demons that you never dealt with maybe you have a good iq maybe you learned your whole life unless you're like means there is no personal agenda there's no personal benefit here there's no enjoyment there's no crailing i managed to get this guy i put him in this place i denigrated him i crushed him if you have any of this you're not the nakhos you're devouring for your own benefit you're not a talmud your agenda has to be one and one only and this is what hashem really really wants this is what's going to benefit the jewish people in other words it has to come from love from empathy from understanding from a deep connection to god in a deep connection to god's children if this personal enmity against this person you are not a talmud and you're not entitled to do it and then if you do do it you are under a knee do you really why because when you put somebody under an idiot you're not allowed to put them under a knee do you then you are under a needle and he says that's the only kavanagh you never can have yourself involved this is the true this class is brought to you by the yeshiva.net please help us continue the classes make even a small contribution at www.theyoshiva.net donate