Rabbi Yitzchak Breitowitz: The Magically Mysterious Breast Plate and Urim V'Tumim of the Cohen Gadol

[Music] okay okay shom everybody thank you for coming and tonight's Shear is dedicated ref shma for Nat Ben zel and for Bor Ben fra and for all of those whose Health has been affected by the war and especially for the safe and quick return of our brothers and sisters held in captivity and uh the success for the IDF and the people of of is and is and the lasting Unity of our people Al of aler and mayor Mor to Mark hisim and for the father of Sarah regler Israel Ben yose Yehuda Whose y site is the 10th of Adar an anonymous dedication of the safe return of the army and hostages to their homes in Total Health and the of the Jewish nation and promptly return home with and for the coming of mashia now amen again uh you know I just read that the United States is actually uh submitting a resolution to the security Council of the UN to compel Israel to AG in a u ceasefire it's just very very you know as someone said the US ought to be V vetoing pramas resolutions and not initiating them so it just shows you again Asal say in the days before mashia we will come to realize that there is no one that we can rely upon in the world other than AES and in many many ways having that awareness is a positive rather than a negative thing it focuses us on where we need to put our efforts um final point is Bon has recently put down a down payment towards the purchase of a safer Tyra uh we are looking for partners to help us complete payment for this Torah scroll to commemorate the memory of a loved one or to participate in sharing the love for Torah uh donations can be made either on the website or by link on the YouTube description box I just want to point out that one of the exciting things that rby Poston wants to do is to create a Monday and Thursday these are Torah reading days beginners minion uh which would use this safer Torah and it would incorporate explaining the service and going at a pace that people who are less familiar with daving would be able to doem on chabas there already are existing opportunities uh so R Poston andon is gravitating towards a very significant unmet need there is literally no weekday type of experience for people to to learn and this saer tor would be used as part of that beginner service so very very worthy cause and let me point out that the 613th Mitzvah of the Torah is every Jew is supposed to write aay for Torah and most of us are not able to write but we be we at least make a s sh to write and I'm not giving you a final P because it's a matter of controversy but many people say that by participating in the communal writing of a saer Torah and you have a in that saer Torah you are the mitvah of saer Torah so it's a worthy cause just for the Mitzvah itself besides all of the Torah and chuva benefits uh that will ACR okay uh so bem we hope that all of those in need of Rua should should be healthy and all of the nishas in need of Aliyah should be n uh this par is largely part two of truma uh remember we discussed last week that pares truma is devoted to the details of the construction of the mishan Tav is largely devoted to the big de Kahuna to the various ways that the Coen both the Coen godal and the regular Coen the tip the bodim that they wear it's very important to understand the importance of these badm again without getting into the general idea of royalty and the like uh the is the big day Kahuna are an essential component of the aod if the Coen any Co were to do the aod mikdash without wearing all of these big deuna the aod is totally invalid it is pule any corbon brought without proper big deuna is not a valid corbon so this is not just a nice thing this is actually m in the aod itself not only that uh this is called a CO is missing let's say a CO is adds a bot let's assume he has puts on a nice necktie or it's a cold day and he puts a sweater over his big deuna because remember the carbonos are brought in an open air Courtyard right in the building of the mishkan that's the manora and the kores and the kashim but the coros are brought outside okay I'm not if the desert's going to have a lot of rain or whatever it is but certainly in mikash things could be cold now a Coen does have to do the aoda Barefoot wearing big Laguna so if he put on socks or put on a tie or put on a sweater that's called Mar and the as well so the notion as the saying goes clothes make the man as may or may not apply all the time but it certainly applies leab the avoda in the B mikash so it's really part two and as we discussed last week There's a whole when is Moshe hearing this is Moshe getting this in the first 40 days or is this all post remember rashi's interesting opinion was the Torah is not chronological here and all of this is in response to theel ran says no we just follow the order of the of the verses but there is uh another pecul ity in this para which is very very fascinating this is the only para since the birth of mosha rabena where Moshe renu's name is not mentioned moshe's name is not in this paraa at all in fact it begins Hashem says to Moshe you there's not not Moshe you and there's no MOS that was in truma and this is a continuity and the mam give various reasons why Moser renu's name is not mentioned the most famous reason is that this is God granting Moser renu's request where mosha rabenu said to God if you're not going to forgive if you're not going to forgive the Jewish people erase me from your book Nowa hasem did forgive the Jewish people but kazal say when a great sadic uh imposes a curse even on himself it's going to happen one way or the other since mosha said Erase Me from the book so Moshe had to be erased from the book now I just want to point out if you go with thatone that fits Rashi much better than ramban because mosenu statement erase me from your book is after the so if is before the mosu didn't pronounce the curse yet like Rashi it actually fits very well because these words are being said after the sin of the golden calf Moshe had already said but there's another hezar from the vnon as to why mosh renu's name is not mentioned and that is in a non-leap year it actually doesn't work this year but in a non-leap year uh the week of t meaning the days the week before the shabas of T always is the date of Zion Adar Zion Adar the 7th of Adar was the anniversary both of Mosher renu's birth and Mosher renu's death zadar is the yart site of mosha rabum uh and therefore as a remes the teris mames that he will die during that week by having his name absent from the paraa his absence from the para is a remes that mosu will be the week of Zion OD it actually does not work out in a leap year where Zion OD was last know last week but it does work out in a non-leap year so in this connection you know this week uh is coming up puim Katan right this year is a leap year and we of course observe the laws of Purim in Adar Shen which is the real but nevertheless there is a little bit of a remnant of sim even in Al the rule that when the month of comes we increase our joy does apply to other Alf as well and the 14th of Adar and the 15th of Adar alive is called por small por we don't say Etc although we don't read Milla we don't do these other other Mitzvah so if you recall uh let me just say a little thought from Milla sester that connects to a leap here that uh when hamon was given permission by AOS to eradicate an entire nation and it wasn't a very long meeting I mean it sounds like it was a you read the miguela it seems to have been like a 5minute meeting and a said sure you know do what you want even uh H wanted to pay for it said you can do it for free uh so ham Drew lotteries to determine what's the best month to get am Israel and kazal say when he came up with the month of Adar he was very happy he says Adar is a bad month for the Jewish people because that is the month that their savior died that is the month that Moshe died he didn't say but he said it's supicious it's an auspicious time to persecute am Israel but say ham made a mistake on one hand mosha raenu died after 120 years on the other hand it was also the month that he was born he brought the GAA so H made that mistake soit uh the great great R of prag who wrote many for him but he has a very famous safer of Jos that are called Yos it's actually one of the classic books of drush complicated Dres long and complicated uh as an interesting observation he says well listen how dumb would hon be if hon is smart enough to know that Moser rainu died then why wouldn't he be aware that Mosher reenu was born why would he know one thing and not know the other thing soit wants to be mades a biges he wants to say hamon is much smarter than we might give him credit for R him off an are and that is the year that ham drew his Lottery was a leap year or at least the next was well the year because he's doing it for the next and therefore the gazer on the Jewish people was for other sheni which is why we keep pman sheni now the year that mosha rabena was born was also a leap year but mosha was born in odishon not oeni so therefore heson actually makes a lot of sense sheni is a bad month for the Jewish people because that is the month that Moser rabenu was born born happens to be a good year because a good month because that is when Moshe was born but that's not the month my gazer is for sheni and as a result his was sheni is bad is good but I got sheni so sheni is bad for the Jews that's s just explains H H's mistake was that all of the others are kind of combined and they Becomes of so there's a lot of Casas under because first of all I can understand that by the time mosha rabenu died in the midb there would be a concept of leap years like why do we have a leap year because pesak has to fall in the spring and since a lunar calendar is 11 days shorter than a solar calendar a lunar year is 354 a solar year is 36 5 and as a result any given Jewish holiday will be 11 days earlier in the year every year so at some point pesak will be in the winter just like Ramadan floats and the Torah is mid that pesak be in the spring so seven out of 19 years we got to push pesak later in the year to keep it in the spring now that law was already in effect by mosha renu's death but to say that Moshe rabenu was born born in a leap year presupposes that you hadon and sheni even before the Torah was given that I think would be problematical but that that's his Kish so it turns out therefore Moshe was born in the leap year in other alif and Mosher Renu died in a leap year other sheni so with this re snap just wants to answer a very difficult Kasha that toos asks uh you know we have a tradition that three great righteous sadim died shabas afternoon uh ysf died chabas afternoon Moshe died chabas afternoon and David died chabas afternoon that is why shabas after Shon we have three verses that talk about accepting God's judgment that I accept God's Jud judgment as righteous what a mourner normally would say and that's because we lost Yosef we lost Moshe we lost do right and this is a messah that they were nter shabas afternoon so TOA sayha we have another teaching that the last day of Moshe renu's life he wrote 13 safer torus amazing and one safer Torah was placed in the arodes in the ark and each shet got a safer Torah from moso this became the official like the Bureau of Standards you know you have the official inch the official Meter whatever it is this is the official text that all Torah had to be checked against that text but tsus asked the obvious question if Moser Abu died shabas afternoon how could he have written a safer Torah yeah Tor on chabas so toas gives a very interesting answer to says if mosenu wrote 13 Torah it must have been through a miraculous Supernatural process it couldn't be B so says that you're allowed to doas if it's a supernatural miraculous way of doing it the Tyra only asers normal human activity it does not Asser Supernatural miraculous activity so I tell people uh if you want to send your son to Hogwarts with the Harry Potter School of of magic but you're concerned they don't have shabas off not a problem uh You Can Do Magic and shabas now of course you have another problem you may have an is Thea of K that's a separate issue that itself was a capital offense but you don't have to worry about chabas shabas will not be a problem because that which you do through a miracle is not considered to be but just wants to give another answer he actually wants to suggest that if we say that Moshe rabenu died under shene it could be that he wrote the c t a month earlier ad so when it says a little bit of a that he wrote on the day of his death means he wrote on the calendar day that he would die a month uh later which means he actually wrote the saer Torah seventh of Adar Ador and if you work backwards from seventh of sheni which is shabas the day he actually died to the seventh ofan that would not be a shabas day and that way he do NE says it's kind of scary he says the day that Moser rabenu wrote the sh Torah he retired from leadership he was like among the living dead it's kind of a little e meaning for a whole month he was physically in this world he was no longer the leader of am Isel in other words he retired seventh of other reion he did not physically pass until the seventh of other sheni yahushua was a leader for that last month quite quite amazing and but that's her vus apit in terms of trying to reconcile all of these things okay but now let me go into the actual uh para itself so the paraa describes in great great detail the big day Kahuna and there are four garments that a regular Coen wears and a Coen godo has eight special garments that he wears and one of the garments of the Coen godo is the Kosen the Kosen is the breastplate it's not really see the word plate is a little misleading because you think of it as metal it's not really metal it's made of threads there's gold thread andas the wool uh the blue wool and the araman and the purple and to Shani but really it was woven from threads creating a kind of a call it a breastplate on his on his chest and there were settings in the Kosen precious jewels and on each of the jewels was engraved a tribe of Israel ruen and one stone Shimon Ley Yehuda isar Zan all the 12 tribes and in addition the names abam yov and shiin the tribes that are upright so you see you have abam yov ruen Shimon Ley Yehuda shift yesh and the tribes of uprightness now exactly how they were engraved is a very very big mlus some understand that on the first stone which is Ruan Stone they had the words abraam Yak Yakov ruen and on the last Stone which is Bam Stone it said B Shi so the extra work words first stone has abov second Stone has shift or the last Stone has shift isur and that's one understanding another understanding is a little complicated and it basically went with the idea that you you have to have six letters on each Stone because if you add all the letters of AR Yakov the 12 tribes and Shi and you get 72 letters there are 12 Stones so each Stone has six letters so the way it works is this Ru is five letters so Ru and you just have an Al which is the first letter of Abraham then you have Shimon which is five letters so you have the B of Abraham then you have Ley which is three letters so that gives you three letters re he me so uh which completes the six letters so that way you have AB on the first three stones meaning to say the ab and yob were not written in a single Stone but rather they were maslim they completed uh the uh the number of six that you needed for each Stone but whether it's one way or the other uh you have to have the names of the tribes and you have to have AB yov shift yeshu now this is called the Kosen and The Jewels Sapphire Ruby diamonds you know we always we always have doubts regarding the precise identification are called the aen the jewels of the Kosen now the Torah then says this is a directive to mosha who communicated to you shall place in Theos something that is called the so before we even know what this is let me point out that the common mistake people make is they call the or they call the breastplate and The Jewels or it's very clear that is not Theos and the jewels because the T says you shall put inside of theen theur so what is Ur So literally Ur comes from the word or light tumim comes from tamim Perfection and this was you might call it a software packet so to speak it was a parchment that had certain mystical names of Hashem that we don't know and when you insert right the Coen is wearing the kosan now the Kosen is folded over from the bottom right so there's a front part that has the jewels and then there's a back the this CL this parchment was inserted in the fs of the kosan and once it is inserted it imparted to the kosan the power to communicate prophetic messages from God meaning you could almost look at it as the kosan is the hardware and the UR V is the Divine software that made it a prophetic medium so how did that work that would mean that when the Coen godal is wearing the UR v a question would be submitted to him shall we go to war and like the letters that would spell the answer would light up now there is a makus when the letters lit up was this visible to everybody meaning what would I see right would I see the lights or was this only a prophetic experience the Coen GLE had meaning many sha say that no one else saw this but the Coen gutle would see this and would communicate the message of course it's a little difficult to see actually even if it lights up because remember the coing gutle has to look down I mean if you think about this it's not like the UR V is there if I'm the Coen godal it's here so I look down you know how am I going to see so that's one difficulty another difficulty is that because uh you're dealing with um a limited number of letters every letter of the olive base is there to be sure but you can't ask essay questions urum have to be cane or low they have to be very very specific questions that are answered on a yes or no basis and in na itself we have examples where people made serious mistakes because they were not specific enough in their question so if they would ask for example shall we go to war and the answer was Cain and they went to war and they were defeated uh the problem was they didn't ask Hashem will we win the war Hashem sometimes wanted them to go to war and be defeated so you got to be sure that your follow-up questions all right now kazal say that the or V couldn't be used for routine private questions you couldn't go to the coing gutle and say I lost my car case you know where are they or whatever it is uh rather it mentions that these were matters that involved Amy Israel as a whole shall we go to war shall we you know uh make a the ceasefire with Kamas whatever it is that would be the type of question that would be submitted to the uh and when we had prophecy in general the was one of the prophetic media that gave us the gar says in and here too people misunderstand this the gor says in that we didn't have the UR V during the second temple period we only had the UR during the first temple period now once again people misunderstand and they think the Coen God didn't have the breastplate and the Kosen during the bay sheni that's absolutely not true first of all why wouldn't he have it even if you're going to tell me the original one got lost make another one that's always the rule I mean we can make a new AR I mean whatever we need to make we make we make a new M we make a new manora if if some if for some reason the original big deuna were lost we make a new one there's no logical reason why a given Garment of the Coen would not be available in the bay chen and not only that Hally would have to be available because there are certain avod that the Coen gal does and he has to wear the right uniform so be sure you understand this so when we say they didn't have in the it doesn't mean they didn't have theen and the a it means they didn't have the prophetic medium that conveyed messages from God via the and there this does it mean we lost the software package or does it mean that the software package no longer worked I mean that that that's another m meaning did we have the actual clo but it just didn't work or we didn't have the clo but that makes perfect sense because all of that is consistent with the idea that we lost Prophecy in the bay cheni remember the very last prophets are zakar Mali and they are at the very beginning of the bayen meaning for the most of the 420 years of the second temple which is all postbiblical there were no Nim so it's perfectly logical it's a very symmetrical idea once we don't have n we don't have this special thing of which is a form of n again I I forgive me for repeating I I I just know that many many people in fact I I when I was younger I had was laboring under the same misconception uh many people think that the kosan did not uh exist in the bay cheni absolutely not theen and the a are not the same as by the way if anybody here is a graduate of a well-known University New Haven Connecticut uh Yale uh University uh you may remember that the motto of Yale University are two Hebrew words in Hebrew letters [Music] called little pretentious uh but they basically say you know we're the source of knowledge urm we bring light to the world in a perfect way and that is the motto of Yale University uh Harvard's Mo motto uh is Latin and it's Veritas which is truth and you know that's obviously a lie you know it's an old joke they say you know the old the old newspaper of the Communist Party in Russia Soviet Union was Pravda now Pravda means truth so I once heard a really good L it's a good thought why did the Communist Party name their newspaper truth because they wanted every word to be a lie even the title so they picked a title that was also a lie so that's that's so every single thing in the paper is not uh is not Ms okay so this is the idea of theim now it's interesting there's a fascinating uh point that the vagon makes uh if you remember the story of shmu so the story of Shmo begins it's the Tor of Rashana uh begins with the story of a woman KH who was married to El and KH Al had two wives KH and panina panina had children KH had no children and KH was very heartbroken and she went this is before the B MDES but the mishan was located in Shilo for over 300 years so she went to Shilo and she entered the mishan or the courtyard of the mishan and she was praying silently in fact all of the laws of shon are derived from the way KH prayed it says her lips were moving her voice could not be heard Etc and the PK says who was the he was both the judge and the Coen God a was the Coen God thought she was drunk she was drunk and he told her get out of here you know what are you coming into the mishkan when you're in a state of intoxication and she said you're wrong I am a woman of bitter spirit and I am pouring out my anguish to a and then a gave her a etc and of course she was Z to have a son Sho so the gr says the following when ay sees KH praying in a way that apparently was unfamiliar the idea that you pray silently is learned from KH she must have been the first one because otherwise ay would not have seen this as strange but ay saw this as very bizarre behavior so it says he consulted the UR is she what is she and the letters were spelled based on the tribes Shor Shin hey so he thought she was drunk because the letters that were lit up were but the problem is you see that the Coen G needs rues to decipher the order of the letters because since the letters are fixed in the tribes the message might sometimes be jumbled you have to rearrange the letters and that takes a second level of rues there's level number one to see the letters that are lit up and level number two is to properly decipher the letters so here's the thing a saw the letter and he interpreted it as when in fact you should rearrange the letters and it would either be Kera Kera means a proper woman or maybe Kar a woman like s and that's when she sayson you are not my master and thear says that means you did not have proper rues to be able to decipher the message very very amazing so is a difficult prophetic medium to use uh because in addition to the difficulty of looking down uh there is the difficulty of deciphering the order because the me the letters may come out in a different order then the message and the Coen gutle needs a level of rues but be it as it may in the B Shen when we no longer had NAA we uh don't have we didn't have the UR and in fact in the books of Ezra and which are the books that were written after the Jews returned to ER Israel after the 70 years of the Babylonian exile and they dedicated the second temple so there are all sorts of genealogical lists lot of names in the Ezra which you know unfamiliar names and it mentions a whole group of kohanim who could not prove their lineage as kohanim so it says there they will not be permitted to eat of the sacrifices until the cohain arises with the UR Bim to clarify their status in other words they didn't have the UR Bim at that particular Junction therefore without prophecy they will not be able to be admitted to Kahuna see today where being a Coen just means duening and getting an Aliyah we take your word for it you come in and you say you're a CO we don't ask questions but if you wanted to work in the B mikash you'd have to have a lot more proof you couldn't just come in and say I'm a Coen you had to have records and credentials and this family did not have those credentials and therefore the PK says beish they are excluded from the priesthood until the K godal arises with the so in this connection I want to share with you a a very interesting thought of theam sof and uh this is a famous story uh the gamar in M Kad at the end of the first peric discusses the Mitzvah of honoring a parent and when it looks for examples of K it looks to non-jews ASV of course is held up as an example but it then uses a more contemporary example for kazal and it talks about a who lived in ashon and his name was D Ben and who lived in ashalon and it says one time this is during the second temple by the way this is the proof they had the a it says the stone of B popped out of the Kosen that's called Yos some say yosa is a diamond but whatever would be the yva stone popped out of the Kosen and it got lost so they had to replace this precious stone and apparently it was very rare but the only person they could find that had it was dma benina and he kept this Jewel the yosa jewel in a jewelry box that was locked with a key and the key was under his father's head and his father was taking a nap and dma Ben refused to wake up his father and as a result he lost the sale apparently they looked around for somebody else and he was willing to give up whatever amount of money it would have been million dollars whatever it would have been he was willing to give it up because of and say you see how devoted a son he is thear goes on and says that uh as a reward for his honoring his parents the next year he had a para aduma born in his flock a totally red this is really a brownish red it's not fire engine red but a totally red para which is necessary for purification it's very very rare very rare because the color is not rare the color is not rare at all but uh you can only have up to one non- red hair if there's two non- red hairs no good so that's very rare that a hair wouldn't be white or a hair wouldn't be black and he was and they offered him a lot of money for that they offered him even more money than for the Jewel and he said just pay me what you would have given me for the Jewel and that would have been enough this is the famous story of D benina an interesting sideline of that story is that even though the gamorra uses him as an example of K of the what he did Hally may have been incorrect I mean let's let's apply this said uh your father is sleeping somebody offers you $10 million for something he said I'm not waking up my father for anything your dad gets up and you tell him ABA you should know how much I honor you I gave up a $10 million deal so you could sleep now is your father going to be happy with that or is your father going to say what an idiot this is the the dumb son that I raised says I mean I mean again the is very simple if you know for sure your father your parent would want to be woken up you wake him up because K of the aim is to do what your parent wants I mean you see so so it's a funny thing that D actually acted in a way that would be contrary to so the gar is not bringing him in because that's the way I should behave but it's bringing him in because of his attitude meaning to say all right right he was ignorant and anyway doesn't necessarily apply to non-jews anyway according to he did the wrong thing and I'm not supposed to do that but kazal are using him as an example of an attitude he was willing to give up a tremendous economic gain because of K we should understand we should have that type of attitude even though Hally we actually wouldn't do what he did so this is the famous story now keeping that story on the side I just want to mention a KAS the S has on the rambam and how he uses the story to answer it note very carefully that the gamar doesn't just say a stone of the Kosen was lost it makes a very specific point it was the stone of bamin that was lost which is yosa yosa is the last Stone of the y now is that an important Detail no maybe not I'm not going to say this is the strongest question in the world I mean sometimes just give me information but still one might wonder why was there such a need in the story to identify that it came from a particular tribe uh namely bamin the last Stone popped out and then we can also ask well why did it pop out like you know how does it pop out okay so here the I had mentioned in theuma tells us that in addition to the 12 tribes of is by the way in this context uh yose it's not Ephraim and manasha because again you understand the counting uh in when when we talk about dividing ER Israel shavit Ley did not get a distinct portion so our 12 tribes are not counting Ley when you don't count Ley you count Yosef as Ephraim and Masha but when you count Ley and you're keeping 12 tribes you count it as sh y so on the there was not epim and man it was okay not the but okay but I had mentioned in addition to the 12 tribes we had three words abov and two words at the end sh when the rambam brings his description of the aen the rambam changes the text instead of sh he says sh why does he deviate from the gamar the gamar says shift the rambam says shift well again there are a number of possibilities sometimes the rambam actually had a different geara in the gar a different text but here's what theam s suggests yesun is one of the names of Yakov besides Israel yes and the Jewish people as a whole the upright ones but yes should is a specific name that is used for the Jewish people when they are B when they are in unity and love where do we know that yesun is the name of AK and love from moser's farewell bra in this is also a popular song in in this upright Nation there will be a king God when all of the leaders come together in unity Shi Israel meaning God is the king of yesh when there's AK and unity right you hear this at is so says the is the glorification of God through unity and Love of All of am Israel and shiun is of course the goal that all of am Israel should aspire to but it's specifically engraved on the stone of bamin because of all of the brothers bamin was the only brother that did not have the taint of rivalry and sinner obviously the brothers who participated in the sale of ysf obviously had that and Yosef himself although Yosef was a victim but you know Yosef brought stories about his brother to his father whether it was justified or not even if we assume it was justified but still yose was an instrument of polarization and M the only one who is totally immunized from that fry the only one that represents unconditional love and connection with nolus was bamin and that's why although the appellation of shun is not only going on bamin is a description of the ideal state of all of Israel but it's inscribed next to bamin because he was the epitome of shift yeshurun now we know during the second temple period there was a lot of among right what do say the first Bas MDES was destroyed because of AAR gas sexual immorality murder the second B mikdash the Jewish population was largely observant they kept the Mitzvah but was so many different movements now we don't know exactly I can't tell you the year that the Dum Ben the story took place we don't know but it was during the bay CH so theam wants to suggest that the reason why it was the stone of bamin that popped out that had the appalachi shift asurin is a message from God you no longer deserve yeshin you're no no longer living with AK you're no longer living with love you're not emulating the model of bam and you're not emulating the concept of yurin the stone pops out it disappears so theam wants to say so when it was replaced in the D well not not from D he but from whoever they got it from we don't know they did not engrave it Shi sharun anymore because they understood that God was telling them they are not worthy of that title so they switched it to shift says ingeniously when the gar Yuma says it was engraved sharun that's before the story of the stone popping out and when the rambam says they did shift car that is their understanding of how they had to change it after the stone popped out it's very ingenious now it still doesn't answer the question well how in Earth does the rambam know that meaning the RAM does have to have some source for shifting he can't just make up the narrative and that's a little bit of a there must be a different Gea somewhere or a different M we don't always know to this day you know one of the interesting studies of ramban is to try to trace the source of the rambam now most of this work has already been done uh if you look at the K of mishna for example the Mish so what they do all the time is when the r says they will tell you where is Garra you know where is the USI you know whatever the source is but to this day there are a number ofas in the Ramba for which we don't have we don't know what the source is keski actually wrote a safer trying to give sources for some of these and he he addressed most of them he managed to find most of them but even he did not find 100% and uh one thing that's very clear is the ramban may have had access to midashim and other things that we've lost it would be very disheartening to to kind of go over the amount of Torah material we have lost but many things we have lost I mean the rambam writes there was a whole T of ji on the order of Kim corbano and we don't have it at all in fact that's a famous story around 150 years ago there was a Hungarian Rabbi who claimed to be saric but okay whatever it is and he claimed to discovered a lost youi and imagine a rediscovered gamarra and he wrote commentaries on it and he had has out from great rabbis but it turned out he forged it he forged a gamorra now can you imagine what type of Genius it would take to forge a gamar particularly Yi which we're not even so used to and do it in such a way that great rabbis were fooled by it he he really was a genius but uh eventually the forgery got discovered people are debating how did the forgery get discovered so some say he had to tell somebody so you know once you tell a person that that's the end of it because how can you pull off such a wonderful feet not a wonderful Fe but such a great feet and not tell anybody so once the cat's out of the bag you know you're in TR that's the end of it others say that the rugger chub are gone discredited it by the following observation the rug tror this is a digression but the rug Trevor gone said that in every single tractate of the Babylonian talet and the Jerusalem tment there is always one Rabbi who's only mentioned there and nowhere else meaning most of the tanur are mentioned in many tractates R is mentioned every tractate Rish AB ra but in every M there's one person who's not mentioned anywhere else and the rber could identify them in his Yi he said there's not a single person who's not mentioned somewhere else therefore this could not be an authentic work of the T now is that strong enough a riot to discredit I don't know but be it as it may it's discredited so uh elmi uh if this was a forgery the meachum we don't have so we lost a lot of things and it could very well be that the source of the rambam of the shift versus the shift yesh may be lost but theam s's observation that uh we no longer deserve theun is a very powerful interesting observation because of sin you know Josephus who was a Jew who went over to the other side but he was an eyewitness to Titus and the destruction of the basa mikdash and you know people debate uh whether we regard him as totally reliable or not uh by and large he is reliable except uh except for his tendency to paint the Romans in as positive a way as he can for very good reason he was living in titus's Roman house I mean you know he he really even with the best of intentions he could not demean the Romans I mean he was under their control but anything other than that he's generally considered to be Fairly reliable and when he describes sin it doesn't just mean oh I don't like you he talks about Waring Jewish factions who were fighting in the basam Mikes itself in which one side was shooting arrows and the other side was shooting arrows back and the kohanim had to crawl under the arrows to be able to bring the carbonos in the last weeks before the Romans destroyed it the basic tamkus itself became a battling ground because there were many many factions there were factions who wanted to surrender to the Romans there were factions who wanted to wage war uh there were factions who were fighting within themselves who should be dominant so the sin is not just you know people didn't get along there actually was mil and bloodshed of Jews against Jews on the other side of the coin the n in a very very famous introduction there was commentary on KES describes the sinum in a different way than Josephus Josephus looked at it as military activity of Jew against Jew he said it was religious superiority there were so many different movements and each movement looked at the other movement and said you're an aorus you're not authentic Judaism and the NV says we have to understand there are many Pathways in Torah and when you simply denigrate people that have different that is the of religious superiority and triumphalism let me just add the nitv was severely criticized for that which kind of confirms this point he was saying how dare how dare you call us intolerant it reminds me of um when uh Pope Benedict the the retired Pope uh made a statement that too many Muslims are involved in violence he was met with a protest that was burning down some buildings so it's an interesting point I mean uh you know you're protesting the fact that I called you violent by engaging in violence that kind of proves the statement so in a way the opposition to the NV was confirmed in the's point that people didn't have a respect for the different views of others we know that in arra this is this has been a perennial problem you know forever uh in which each side whatever it is looks at the other aorus kof parasite amalik the list of negative Appalachians goes on forever and it moves in all directions really all directions religious to secular secular to religious to misn misn to different groups of different groups of misn ashaz in both directions and the number of ways that could slice and dice am Israel which is not a large Nation to begin with uh it's kind of almost approaching Infinity you can divide uh people in so many different ways and again as I say I say this all the time and I'll say it again I know I'm repeating myself that one of the blessings that we have in the darkness of the conflict that we face is that uh to a large degree it's brought us together in ways that did not exist for many many years until now unfortunately even that seems to be disintegrating a little bit okay but M hasem hopefully uh will keep the unity and the and the a is and the care that we have for each other because as Thomas pay said about the American Revolution we must hang together for otherwise we shall surely hang separately and that is indeed uh the story and the fate of is he said that God is the king of protecting us and taking care of us but when are we when all the leaders come together is and all the tribes of Israel come together with so may we be to that and maybe to be and in that way bring the and bring theik and the Shalom for is for is amen [Music] amen