Journey to Italy 2024: Venice - The Soncino, Bamberg, and Justinian Editions of the Talmud

this Torah class is brought to you by Torah anytime.com V good morning everyone vanjo good morning good morning we're leaving Venice but we can't leave before speaking about a very important subject that is very relevant to Venice Venice was a center of printing in Venice began the printing Revolution which made an indelible impression on the history and the Tyra literature in Italy and throughout the world in general Italian Jews were always known as Book Lovers as intellectuals they studied manuscripts of halaka Med ha wealthy Bankers used to spend their fortune on purchasing manuscripts they would amass very impressive libraries one of the most renowned libraries in all of Italy was that of Don Abel whose cover we're going to visit shortly with the innovation of the the printing press they established presses for Jewish printing the most well-known among the Jewish printing presses was Cino established by the Cino family in 1483 the first gamarra was published in 1483 what's the neonic to remember that GAR gamara gamara gatria 1483 the Cino family published 23 three MOS of anybody know how many MOS are in sh very good 36 there's a Chua first cha how do you calculate the 36o family published 23 masas however comes Daniel bomberg a Christian from antp he was an international businessman he owned ships he was the greatest printer in history of Jewish books now he revolutionized printing because he brought in all of his business connections into the World of Printing he received from the pope a permit to open a Jewish print shop he also invested personally heavily in Jewish printing in the 33 years his shop was operational he published more than 2,000 different Jewish books of each he published of many of them tens of thousands of copies of Tyra he published the first M tanak with tum with Rashi tal with Rashi Tami the Dal we mentioned in Italy before the tourah came to the scene first they followed the rambam then the to but now the tour is being disseminated in Italy he published m SRA s shto ramban rashba bomberg published with responsibility with accuracy for each word bomberg employed the most distinguished to be editors to be types Setters before he published the volume he purchased many different manuscripts of that safer to be able to create the most accurate text he used n the best paper he used the clearest font he used now if you know anything about Jewish printing you I don't want to mention names and give uh extra business to any particular company but Jewish printing is not only about printing it's also about dissemination and Daniel bomberg used his international business connections for shipping and distribution of his farm through throughout the world the first edition of the bomberg Shas 1520 and then 1523 about a 100 editions of gamar were published after that almost every future edition of Shas used the original format of the bomber sh so we mentioned in the original Cino Edition was tremendous it had about 90 blot so in the bomberg shot he how many BL are in bra ends on what blot I believe 63 blot right so actually bras has 62 and a quarter blot because the last amm is a half an amm now in the heels of bomberg success and high level quality so rabim from the throughout the Ottoman Empire from North Africa made the Tre to Venice where they sent their folios to Venice to publish the BF was in Turkey there was printing in Turkey no the BF wanted to use the bomberg printing he could have sent it to Salan no the B wanted to to use and the fonts of the bomberg printing and because of publishing Venice became a Tyra Center and not only of printing sales so besides bomber's printing of books and the disseminating of books the first eers was owned by Daniel bomberg he sold books even at other Publishers published in his store he would often carry 1,500 different types of is that's the first edition Cino followed by bomberg now let's talk about the second edition now there's a idea here that many people they could have learned D and learned through the cycle many times and they're still not familiar with all the details of a page of gamarra what do you call the notes on the side of the gamarra that cross references when you have a gamarra let's say that appears in one place and it appears elsewhere it's called M does anybody know who wrote The M has nobody's going to know I'm going to challenge you nobody knows see now now you got getting a little uncomfortable does anybody know did anyone here ever learn gamarra before who wrote the what do you call the notes in the top left hand side where it tells you we in Hal the gamar is brought down Tyra rbat does anybody know who wrote that so it's a good thing you came on this trip the Tyra are theb the mitvah came from the sh who was the sh he wrote notes on the Riff sh was none other thanu the notes of the did not appear in the bomberg Edition did not appear in the Cino Edition they first appeared in the second edition of tamad B in 1550 who published the second edition of tamad B it was known as the Justinian edition of tamad B this Edition now employed the notes of the Mitzvah what year was this the year shakai Shin y 1554 Shak so this is interesting the brings the first gamar published in the year gamarra the second edition published in the year shakai and the writes Beautiful words about the contribution of the that he wrote it listen to The Who he was a mighty War Warrior so this was in the year Shak Shin y now I want to tell you I want to share with you a of sin this is a k which was not even realized until more recently but according to the Sino edition of tahim the Keras of a per of does not count as a so for example is [Music] not is not P Al it's not a it's a it's a header so you say What's the difference whether it's a PK or it's a header well we're going we're going later today to ferara L talks about someone who made a to learn 10im of every day so could you get away with learning as one of them M says absolutely not these are not they are headings but there's one exception the exception is mmar that's not a header it's a PK so you'll ask where Dido get this from how does he know is not a and is a well it's brought in the name of the the proof is from the last because theic doesn't begin until likewise all the other chapters that the sang the the mishna does not begin with the header it begins with the actual body of the parak not so [Music] shabis so this of the was already issued by Sino in the end of the 15th C Century so this is one of the reasons how Venice became a world center of Tyra publication and its influence is still felt at you've just experienced another Torah class brought to you by Torah anytime.com