Journey to Italy 2024: FULL JOURNEY PART 1 - Mantova, Verona, & Venice

this Torah class is brought to you by Torah anytime.com okay hello hello hello okay good morning everyone sh and welcome everyone hope everybody had an enjoyable flight we're going to have a wonderful time Bez hasem it's going to be an amazing experience really a very uh unique opportunity to visit many of these cities many of these ancient communities and connect with the history of our people and the many G Israel that Grace this country on uh in the airport we met a group of people and they asked us you know what are you are you coming to ski I said no we didn't come we didn't come to ski so what did you come to Italy for so we came to Italy for Jewish history Jewish history there's no Jewish history I said do you know that there are a lot of mikal buried in Italy they said mikum we they didn't know there were any rabim at all who ever lived in Italy I said there were only 1,875 renowned who lived in Italy we're not going to have an opportunity to discuss each and every one of them most of most of them will we're going to try to cover uh now in our opening session I I would like to give you a brief overview on Jewish Italian History and let's start in the very beginning we're going to see perhaps this evening that Italian History already began in the time ofu but practically speaking the Jewish communities began during the time of the second B mikdash perhaps even at the time of Kana they were Jews in Italy in the times of the and they were notable tan that lived in Italy anybody know tan that lived in Italy you have to is is the gamar qu him and these were two tan that lived in Italy okay so now we're up to the 4th Century the Roman Caesar Constantine moved his Capital to Byzantine in Asia Minor now he calls it Constantinople so now the Roman Empire is divided into two and it's very interesting the Eastern section of the Byzantine Empire until the 10th Century ruled over southern Italy so the southern Italy was ruled over the uh Constantinople under Byzantine the exclaimed said that to actually emanated from the port cities of Italy so you have we're going to speak later about the episode of the arashan the four captives who they were sent out from Bari Italy and from there the tire of the rein really spread throughout Europe many say tahu was written in Italy many say were written in was written in italyi many claim was written in Italy also the 11th century so the Jewish settlement in the north of Spain then they come to Rome you had somebody by the name of rasan ra we have a lot of RA on the trip who wrote the who composed the medish medish the kimus family in Luca now in the 12th century you have renowned yes yes in manova you have in Verona and then this is very important you have a great reshine in the 12th century who really changed the observance of halaka in Italy his name was rabay of Tran rabaya of Tran is that name familiar RAB Tran who's RAB Tran the tus rid now the tus rid is a very important figure in the history of Italian jewry because later on came the sh the sh had codified theim of the to where the official Han of Italy is predicated on theim of the codified by the sh so if you wanted to know who do they follow in Italy which reine do they follow in Italy they follow the tus who codified it the sh okay now the sh became such a popular Safra that there were made of the you know nowadays we have in Italy their kiter was something called saer T not to be confused with the Tanya of the sh the saer is AIT of the sh the M quotes saer So an example where the tells us that AR shab they would fast because of the burning of the talud in France in 1242 where does that come from Who records that it's recorded by the saer Tanya okay 14th century now there's persecution in Europe in France in Germany many ashkenazim they immigrate to north northern Italy and now for the first time you have ashkenazic communities in Italy in Venice in padwa in Ferrara in Verona 15th century Italy is now divided into States republics you have four Chief republics you have Napoli in the South you have the and the south is ruled by the Spanish king of Aragon you have the Republic of the church the paple states which was ruled by the pope Rome anona you have the area the region of manova with its capital capital of manova fenza and then you have the Republic of Venice Venice was not just a city Venice was a republic the Republic of Venice including padwa padaa had a world famous university one of the earliest universities in the world was in padwa people from all over Italy came to the University of padaa most of the G is in Italy studied in the university in pwa some of them were even professors in the University in pada now during this period Commerce flourished primarily because Jews went into Banking and the reason why Jews went into banking is because Christians were forbidden to charge interest Jews we're not allowed to charge interest to fellow Jews but to a gentile it's permitted to charge interest so Jews went into the banking industry and economically the Jewish communities flourished they used their money to support shis but it caused a lot of animosity among the Christians when we had to uh harshly collect debts and the priests inflamed their constituents in their D that the Jews were uh charging Usery and we we were oppressing them and now Italy had to make a pivotal decision they could have taken the root of Spain and they could have expelled their uh Jewish citizens but very wisely they realized I they needed doctors they needed Bankers they needed financers they needed the tax money and they decided to allow the Jews to remain but in most cities in Italy the Jews were relegated to the ghetto there's one exception okay if you take anything out of this trip there was one city in Italy where they did not relegate the Jews to the ghetto and this city became the most successful city in in Italy in terms of an economic Center in terms of printing in terms of the flourishing of Tyra and that was lavaro lavaro was the one city where there were no ghettos so now it's the 16th century and there's a tremendous Spanish influx of Jews they come primarily to Napoli Jews come to Napoli and then they're chased out in 1540 a big dispute arose among two printing presses we're going to talk about uh the printing press which were uh the well-known printing presses you had Cino not to be confused with the Cino gamarra that you used in your youth in order to pass your gamarra test that's not what we're referring to the Cino press was the first press that published garas I believe they P published 23 M now a little trivia what year was the first year the gamaro was published it was published by Cino at the end of the 15th century 1483 okay everyone never forget this the first gar says was published in 1483 and saw it how do you remember that gatria gamar says the numerical value of gamarra is 1483 it's 243 gamar is 243 and you know to translate a uh Jewish date into the English a secular date you add the year 1240 so gamarra plus 1240 is 1483 the very first gamar was published in 1483 I just saw that uh over the weekend I was very excited to see that the doesn't even make a big deal about it actually you know in the sh of the he has an entry of all the is who ever lived we've been speaking about the Sham lately and he has an entry and he has a listing of all the that were ever published I didn't expect that one of the published was called gamar and the has an entry on gamarra and in the entry on gamar he talks about Cino the Cino press and he spoke about he speaks about the first gamar that was published in the year gamarra so that didn't make my my top 10 list of uh the 10 greatest highlights in the sh but there'll be a maybe a second series that will be that will be in the list okay so a dispute arose between two printing presses in Venice and uh the tomad was accused of containing information that was considered heretical and the pope ordered to burn all the garas in the city now you can imagine that those who were charged with carrying out the burning of the mad they were not necessarily audite Scholars who could be M between a and a Yi and a tour and a rambam and a b so they in many cases they just burnt any stum that they got their hands on okay in the 17th century restrictions continue Jews in all the big cities there moved to the ghetto as we mentioned there's only one exception learno in the Tuscany region near Pisa the Duke decid Ed that if he's going to build up an economic Center he has to give Jews equality he made the ports dutyfree moros would not be interrogated all the moros came to learo Leo's success was immediate all the great mines all the great Jews moved to learno it became an economic Center of Commerce of publishing of yiv all the anusim came to Leo from Spain from Port Portugal 18th century very difficult Economic Times in Italy of course the Jews were blamed there was tremendous public pressure to chase the Jews out again learno is the only city that didn't have restrictions so Venice pwa Rio Rome that was pretty much the end of the success of those cities now in Italy in the 18th century it's just learno and some of the Dukes of the various cities they look at their own cities that had plummeted that were in depression that were in shambles and they look at lerno lerno was a World Center of Commerce and they they start to re-evaluate how they need to treat the Jews 18 century part of Italy is conquered by Austria but it did not gain the Jews New Liberty until Napoleon Napoleon conquered the Jews were given equality and with the downfall of Napoleon situation reverted back to uh a state of persecution until what year when Italy was uh United in 1861 and then that caused a tradition a transition even though the Jewish people were given equality nevertheless it greatly affected the yeshivas in Italy because now the yeshivas transitioned into more of a academic and uh a style of study and that is in a certain sense a general overview of Jewish Italian History just by way of introduction and beem we uh dig into many of these time periods and individuals as we uh come along I just want to mention the halakic custom of in was originally they followed the the rambam and then they followed the rulings of the tus rid rabish Shay Tran that is until the ashkenazim came and the ashkenazim developed their own Kil and then Jews came to Italy from Tunis and the Jews from Tunis or Jews from North Africa that came to Italy or or specifically Leo they're called marim marim are Jews from North Africa or Tunis that came to Italy in Italy the Jews spoke three primary languages the ashkenazim spoke Yiddish the Italians spoke Italian and the Spaniards spoke Spanish until pretty much Italian dominated uh so we mentioned that originally they filed the rambam then the toid which was codified by the sh and that is until the printing press and the printing press published and disseminated many many volumes and additions of the tour and when the tour came out the tour became very popular um especially in the first editions of the of the Tour by Daniel bomberg the second editions but in the Justinian tour and we're going to talk about the difference in the between the first and second editions of the gamarra and the tour we'll take a break now and we'll come back we'll talk about the Renaissance okay okay I hope everybody got a little snooze now it is time for a Reawakening where we're going to speak about the Renaissance the word renaissance means Awakening from the darkness of the Middle Ages we like to speak about the Renaissance about 45 minutes into the trip after everyone got a little snooze we have our own Renaissance in the 15th and 16th century the era was known as the Renaissance but it came to its fullest expression in Italy more than any other country after the darkness of the Middle Ages because of Innovations in science technology Society they wanted to revert back to the classic ideals of Greece and Rome this is after the discovery of America this is after the Protestant Reformation this is after the Spanish expulsion where now they had some freedom from feudal Rule and perhaps the greatest invention in the Renaissance was the printing press which revolutionized Education First of all it expanded knowledge until the printing press books were not available books were not affordable how would anybody be able to afford a handwritten manuscript but now books were widely disseminated books were uh affordable now the traditional Jewish communities did not need a Renaissance they were Advanced they were learned but still the Renaissance in a certain sense allowed for greater Hab but also challenged traditional Jewish values now at the time in Italy there were 10 million Italians out of the 10 million Italians 30,000 were Jews so about 3% of of Italians were Jews 3% now the Jewish situation financially improved there was a Revival of Lia and uh at this point I want to uh speak about many notable around whom great yeshivas were built firstly ranura anybody know his middle name Radia he had a very unusual middle name rabada yur yur where does that come from the light on on the Bluetooth Ur where does the word Ur come from the navi says about thei so his name was Ura from 1440 to 1500 he wrote his commentary on the mishna in Italy he completed it in where is buried it's buried at the foot of har then you have RAB Huda minz who passed away in 1505 his son Rabin he passes away in 1535 he had a great Yeshiva in pwa rabin's son-in-law R mayor katelan Bogan we're going to be at his Kev he passed away in 1565 his son who was the son of maharam katelan Bogan shik shik Shu Yehuda katsel and Bogan the Mahar shik 1521 to 1597 Raa prali from of the great rabbis of mobba rabaja sfero passed away in 1551 rabih Huda mosato who is renowned for his commentary on the kusari and his writings on music anybody know where is rabuda mascato quoted Who quotes rabuda mascato the is published with a compendium called one of the most ever written the brother of and the brother of the in his hak quotes mascato who says that if a person had the opportunity to go to the moon but he couldn't tell anybody about it would they go to the moon no most of the enjoyment anybody gets out of doing anything is not doing it and not going there but being able to tell people about it that is human nature and that is an idea brought in the hak of the rud mascato thei Pano 1548 to 1628 y scho har Doo familiar with the yashar mikanda r schlomo har yashar mikanda 1591 to 1657 schlomo moo is the name schlomo moo familiar we spoke about him when we were in Spain and P Portugal he studied from the b in Turkey he came to Italy he was burned in 1532 schom Mo now many Jews took advantage of the Renaissance to advance themselves in the Sciences in medicine they became doctors astronomers linguists Artists Craftsmen many if not most rabim in Italy were also doctors in fact it was considered an ideal second in profession for a rabbi to be a doctor so you had rabih Huda M Leon you had his son RAB David Ria Sao R provino they were all doctors so it's very interesting in 1599 there was a rule in in Italy restricting the extravagant type of clothing except for or doctors if you're a or or a doctor or both you are allowed to wear extravagant clothing in fact many Rabon felt that you were a greater Rabbi if you were also a doctor so for example Ravid M Leon one of the eminent R of the 15th century he writes now that's an expression you should be familiar with meant you weren't just a Rabbi but you also had a profession in the Sciences so you're a he says someone who's you are more worthy of than just if you know so many of the now began to have more of an academic Bend so for example the not to be confused with the wellknown was a work of history which the heavily criticizes and says is not authoritative that speaks about the history of the kings of France the mayor of who wrote a historical work this was all a product of the Renaissance but the leading rabbonim challenge this type of ideology so for example rakov prali he refuted the ideal that was considered preferable for a rabbi also to be a doctor he said no the traditional approach of the they felt was preferable also the chief adversary of Tyra um Tyro um was invented in Italy during the Renaissance that's a fact but the chief opponent was Rose colon who's Ros colon the Mahar the great AK the Mahar he said that the the ancient traditional approach of Tam B of the that was the approach of the Bal as opposed to the was preferable and this was a a dispute that arose here in Italy in the time of the Renaissance today the be writes that for somebody to be advanced in the study of talud B we're no longer great enough to be able to excel in both areas that was the conclusion of the in the beer Hala hope everybody had a enjoyable picnic enjoyable lunch uh the question was raised what is the objective of visiting sikim what should one think about what should one have in mind what does one gain from visiting sikim who are in the so firstly there is a major discussion in Hal whether it is permitted to address the sadic directly the conclusion of the Misha is it is not permitted to make any requests of a sadic when one goes to a c one should not Place their focus on the one of the 13 principles of faith is that one can only pray and not to any human being and that is the conclusion of the says that if somebody addresses their to thead now you're in Jeopardy of possibly violating being making requests of the Dead that being said there is a tradition among the there's a Chu the mahik that perhaps one can ask the sadic to intercede on on their behalf if you know that that is the custom of your family based on the community that you live in and you have authorized this with a competent Authority then if you're not sure then you have to follow the is you cannot make any requests of the sadic you can't ask the sadic to intercede on on your behalf so what should you be thinking I could D in in uh at home in the five towns there are a lot of very beautiful shes of course my sh is the destination of choice because there's no talking there we don't have cell phones in the Bessa so that is probably the best place for you to DAV but there are other shes in Brooklyn that you could go to or or around the country or in arel so what's the advantage of going toim so there's a beautiful ran the ran is found in the the ran basically says in contemporary verbiage that a Kev is a Wi-Fi zone what does that mean there are certain spots on Earth where you have stronger connection certain spots where you have weaker connection so for example if you have verison it's not compatible with Cedarhurst New York right people come to my house all of a sudden they lose service why for some reason my black has terrible Wi-Fi service see right your mask him even if you drive what even if you drive from peninsula where you live yeah right here we have an aidon that he lives a few blocks down and when he passes by my house he loses service it's true people don't know it's because I have turned off any Wi-Fi in the vicinity of my sha so that there's no point in bringing the phone in anyway right but you heard it here first okay so uh the ran says like this we know that when Miram Han spoke so hasem reprimands mam Han the only thing is Hashem doesn't just suddenly appear to any Navi a navi typically has to be prepar for the Divine experience not so m m was on call 247 so how is Hashem going to speak to Miriam on the spot so Hashem tells Miriam says stand next to M raenu and if you're in the proximity ofu I speak to him him immediately you'll get the same Wi-Fi service if you're Inu excuse the terminology becomes a hot spot for NAA as long as you're in the proximity ofu Hashem can now speak to Miram and to Arin says thean if this is so when the sadic is alive so the sadic in his lifetime is a vehicle as a medium of the influence from Shay of Ras of Prophecy of Divine Spirit then even after their demise even after they pass away their physical personal person their bones continue to be a vehicle and a medium of divine connection and therefore if you're standing in their proximity it is a a place that is predisposed to have your answered so that is the ideal to have daving at a k of a sadic that this individual had a unique connection to and I am able to in this tap in a little bit to that uh connection that the tadic had be what's very interesting is that uh the king in saer when he sees that his Steward neya is morose and depressed the king says why do you look so despondent you should be happy you have the opportunity to serve me so neia says uh how can I not be despondent but says how can I not be despondent how can I not be depressed when the city where my forefathers are buried is lay in Ruins so what's talking about which forefathers were buried in Yim that he was despondent that the City was destroyed apparently all the great sikim that are buried in a city specifically Yim they Infuse kadus into the city Yim has kadha not only because it's the sh and it's the place on Earth where all shefa comes down the fact that so many hundreds and thousands of sadim are buried in Yim it lends kadus to the city of Y so it's the same thing with Italy you may never have thought of this idea but the fact that there are hundreds if not thousands of sadik buried in Italy gives the country a certain kadus it's a to have your answered now here's something really interesting V records in the sa that he heard from the however says the M that everybody knows about there's a long waiting list in other words you're going to dove in there and you're going to pray and you're not to address the sadic but the sadic May facilitate the ascent of your yeah but there are thousand people who came here yesterday and a thousand people are coming tomorrow I mean how much could the sadic do for each and every person you know he's he's on uh he's overbooked he's overworked it's very hard to accomplish a lot in a place where many people go says the AR the key is to find M that other people don't know about cuz this sadic he's been resting for a while he's looking for work he you know and he can't really travel so far you know people ask me um you know about going to Kar as opposed to going to living sikim and of course it's always preferable sidb but I happen to find that the sikim that are buried in the ground their schedules are much more flexible than the living sikim they they make themselves available um and it's just easier for them whenever you don't have to call in advance you don't have to make any appointments and it could be they haven't seen any visitors in in a long time thatza writes I'll read to you his words he says whose graves are hidden from people are not well known only to some people for example the ones that are recorded in so one thing I could tell you for sure we're going to go tomorrow too Island okay I've made many attempts to get to those karum first of all nobody knows where they are on Leo Island one time we went to the cemetery and the guy the guard didn't want to open it up because he had to eat hot dogs and he didn't have time to open it up for us it's I can you could probably count on one or two hands the amount of people that daved at the farm we're going to go to tomorrow cuz even you'll see you go to the cemetery they're not the are not really marked nobody knows where they are so you know the sadik they've been waiting for you they they want visitors and all the how do I know where there those are the trade secrets that I can't give out to maybe at the end of the trip I'll tell you the secret ingredient in Coca-Cola but how I know where the kar are N I can't give that away now I just want to mention one thing the great M he wrote a sa on visiting called and he writes that every has a very specific atmosphere every sadic has a unique personality some sikim excelled in Li in in in GE in gar rash others were M and every M that you go to you have an opportunity to learn from adopt the particular Han and S of that sad and it's a way of saying now he's talking about the in the north and it's a way of say I travel 2 hours to go to this sadic because I want to learn about this sadic and I want to adopt his practices and I want to emulate his ways and it's a very strong message to Hashem that our should be Nel so here it didn't take us two hours first we had to travel 2 hours till we got to JFK then we had to wait 2 hours until they checked what's in our shoes and our handbags then we had to go wait on the runway and we flew here and then we're driving so we say that look at the lens we go to be able to learn about the history of these sadim the ofik the of the sikim and we want to emulate the righteous ways of these great people and in that Merit all of our uh this is a very important presentation because without this you're going to have a hard time understanding the Italian gum I'm going to hang hang out I'm going to hand out a picture now you're going to have a very hard time with this you're not allowed to look at it okay so you get it and you take it face down no I don't want to catch anyone looking at it if anyone looks at it we're going to take away your fourth sandwich you know in the bag the fourth we're going to take away the fourth one okay so here's the picture you're not allowed to look at it thank you I'll tell you when okay face down that in the it's okay in the video you look at it and we're going to speak about the very controversial and sensitive topic of how should a Jew look what does that mean how should a Jew look we're going to talk about beards beards should a Jew have a beard is it a Jewish look to have a beard is there something lacking if a Jew doesn't have a beard is it better to have a beard this question was brought to none other than the Samer somebody mentioned here that they're from Hungary they Samer this question is brought to and the question was raised based on what it says in don't touch your beard don't touch your beard doesn't mean don't use a lifting cut shaver it doesn't mean don't use a Brawn foil it doesn't mean don't use a Norelco means don't even touch it with the scissors this was the question asked toer is there anything wrong with shaving cutting the beard so responds number one I don't get involved in I don't know what that means it doesn't say that in let me tell you something in CL Israel it's already been accepted not to have a beard what is it based onalia in the entire country of Italy all the rabbis shaved now all doesn't mean some all doesn't mean most all means all all the rabbis that we're going to visit and Dav at says they did not have beards now if you're going to have a hard time doing pal get over it okay that's the reality they did not have beards where did they get this from all the rabis that I know in benra they all have beards in Brooklyn they all have beards says the they Hing it on the great tree the father ofo says he did not have a beard really Billy did he have like a nice trimmed beard you know in some Yas they have a long beard the mustache covers the mouth some Yas they have a more trim beard some they have a very you know they have a perfect line on the face and by the neck the Rami Pano did not even have one hair on his face not like the guy you know some guys they shave pretty good and they leave like three hairs like under the neck nah you know they forgot they they they were in a rush the doorbell rang and they left the hear says I'm going to read to you his words Theo would shave he wouldn't leave one here says don't take my word for it the Y we mentioned him before testifies in hisim and he would say and he would say further I'll in you shouldn't have a beard now theer by the way was an orthodox Rabbi yeah brings from the Y of K that in it's not Ro to have a beard so says what more should I say now if you want to know where this came from why in Italy they didn't have beards all good Customs start in Poland the Polish rulers always had beards until there was one guy he was AIS he was impotent he couldn't grow a beard and once he couldn't grow a beard all the other Gentiles did not grow a beard in deference to this polish ruler who couldn't grow a beard now Jews were being persecuted they were running from country to Country if you're going to you know it's like you know the Jew they go to Great Adventures and they think they put on a Yankee cap and nobody knows who they are they have a beer down to the floor they have payis down to the floor me what do you want from me I'm not I'm not Jewish how how did you know I'm Jewish you know so says that in order to hide Jews in Europe did not have beards in Poland in Hungary anywhere why anybody who says that there's any or for not having a beard anyone who says there's something not Jewish about not having a beard will be held accountable for that says based on based on Jewish practice there is no requirement to have a beard anyone who says that there's in a Jew who doesn't have a beard okay now where does this come from they blame it on the Riano who the says did not leave even one hair on his face now there's a RV who lived in anona I think in the summer we're going to be visiting anona and the name of this R was Ramin morogo Ando uh deals with the following Shilah in Salan the Jews started cutting their beards so the rabam were not happy with that after all ancient Jewish custom is Aid has a aard so they wanted to scare the salans into saying that if you cut your beard we're going to put you in and you're not and go was asked is that permitted to do to instill fear in Jews to revert back to the old practice of growing a beard he writes it's user to do that Hally there is no requirement to have a beard you can't instill fear into people for having a beard okay comes sh sh was published in Venice he was a ofano a son-in-law the Rano his name was Ru he writes that aaba there is a concept that the beard is connected to the number 13 and the beard brings influence from theim it brings influence of the however he writes I'll it is not proper to have a beard in the vibe in I guess that's a good uh contemporary word to you the vibe in does not accommodate growing beards beards and the diaspora are not compatible he says I personally witnessed the personal hygiene of the Rami Pano I'm going to read to you his word I know for sure every Arab shabas he would shampoo his head and you want to know why is he shampooing his head why isn't he shampooing his hair very simple the Kira he didn't have any hair on his head so therefore he shampooed his head not his hair so you could you obviously the be asek had very close knowledge of the personal hygiene of the raami Pano who shampooed his head and he shaved his beard every Friday so here you have it you have the eyewitness account of the be ASAC that theano would shave his beard every Friday now if I I want to ask you a question if somebody came to you and told you that he witnessed that a certain sadic does X Y and Z what should your attitude be say I don't believe you I don't believe you of what relevance is it that you claim that so and so did such and such and I would like to share with you what is one of the most important Shu ever written okay you're still with me everyone you didn't turn over the picture yet right no okay good I want to bring to your attention Shas sh was written by R iraz RF eraz lived from 1685 to 1730 was one of the great alltime he wrote the which is an introduction to cabala we're going to go to his Kev in learno okay it's amazing experience Raz one of the great masters of cabala he quotes shis div ASAC and he says with all due respect to the D this is the problem when a novice learns cabala because if you have no understanding of why a beard is important then what right do you have to say that you should only have a beard in and not in unless you have a profound understanding of what a beard accomplishes you have no right to make any distinction between is and and he says furthermore we have to se the record straight anybody who says that there's an AA to shave a beard is a and if they pick up a bottle of wine it becomes can you imagine such a thing you would think if somebody says oh somebody doesn't have a beard he's not he's a he's not a good one might think that you could cast dispersions on someone who doesn't have a beard says anyone who says that a Jew who doesn't have a beard is he's a he's not now say I'm going to address the number one says the be the r the be asek says he personally witnessed the Rami Pano that the Pano would shave his beard Not only was his eyewitness account not accurate it contradicts his whole story because he says the Rami Pano was G he shaved in his beard which means Rami Pano had a beard and he just trimmed it he didn't write that the raami poano was gak that he shaved his beard he was gak so the the first thing is he claims the Rami Pano shaved his beard no not true the raami Pano trimmed his beard number two I asked my RBI the rabak this is a very important name you need to be aware of the RAB was the father-in-law of rabay bason rabay bason is the rebi of raim lato the rabak was the senior makal in Italy and the rabach told me don't rely on the be it's not a credible saer so the fact that he said Riano shaved his beard don't believe him number three the rabak says I saw a picture of the Rami Pano and now is the time that you've all been waiting for okay brace yourselves to be able to turn around your picture and look at the picture of the Rami Pano that is in Mana and there the Rao's beard was flowing on all edges and this is yeah here you see the Rami Pano we're going to speak about him at his Mak the Rami Pano was one of the great old timebalm and in this picture of the Rami Pano there is no question that he had a beard but more importantly Mr rabbi SEC you say that the ramano shaved his beard let me tell you something if you would have told me that the ramano said that in you should shave your beard you know what I would tell you I don't believe you why do I have to believe you because you told me you saw it maybe you weren't feeling well maybe you're hallucinating maybe you mistook the Rano for a different Rabbi a main principle in is you cannot learn out Halas from stories stories are irrelevant when it comes to they are not relevant when it com now story books are very good it's better than reading the New York Times actually anything is better than read the New York Times especially story books but did they happen no we have no evidence that they happened but the person says that he saw it okay that's very nice many people make many claims about many things in this world they have no bearing on and even if the story is true maybe the Rami Pano's doctors told him he needs to shave for for health reasons maybe he didn't feel well maybe his wife wanted him to shave you cannot prove from what the raami Pano did what anybody should do if he would have said it maybe then you could CLA it has bearing in but he never said it you just claim you saw it it's irrelevant this is the great Chua of sh the by the way was the rebi of the Yad Y is H the author of the great work on sh of we're going to be at his K he's also buried next to Raz now understandably the is not happy with this now ordinarily the would never challenge theer but now now it's now it's about a beard and the is not going to take this so how's the going to argue on the that's very difficult to do but the raises a very interesting and good point that theer quoted the yasher of kandaya that the Rami Pano did not have a beard and that the Yash of kandaya said that in is better not to have a beard it does not seem to be an accurate quote of the yosa because the Y Kanda never mentions the Rami Pano in any of his writings there's an introduction in the writing of the Yos Kaya that the publisher said that the Rami Pano did not have a beard so says the it is well known that in all the paintings of the Rami Pano the Rami Pano did have a beard and if the would have seen the that Theo had a beard he says would not have written this and therefore the Salazar valant attempts to uphold the more traditional view that having a beard is considered uh worthy for uh as a Jewish symbol nevertheless it is clear theer concludes and the concludes that it is certainly not required and we can't do much to budge what the writes in his closing lines he says that if a person says that there is if somebody's so this is just by way of introduction to get an idea and to have a feel what did the Italian M and gum looked like did the Rami Pano himself have a beard yeah he probably did did any of the other Italia have a beard highly unlikely in fact theer says none of them had a beard but in no way did this diminish their greatness in no way did this undermine their towering spirit in the secrets of the Toyah in the cabala in shim as rabud ofina says that his greatest Milo was he wasn't a hypocrite so in the for the Italia what they were B far exceeded what they were in their so this is an important as we head to man will be able to DAV at the F of The Rao and okay we're in the we're in the great city of Mana and we're headed to the cover of Riano ruar ofano in Italian he was known as rebi Immanuel Immanuel is the Italian name for manim so in preparation for going to his C I want to share with you somea of the Rami Pano the Rami Pano tells us the famous lesson that whatever you give to tadaka comes back to you some learn it the B says the word could be read forward and backward we don't have to look any further than the word Saka itself Sadi excuse me if youash you know there's a system of where an ol is supplanted for a tough a B for a shin a gimel for a a do for a [Music] k the of Seda is aadi the K is a do the do is a k that Sadi is ay the word s is Saka backward indicating whatever you give TOA it comes right back to you The Rao writes a to find a z is that at the end of when you're in if you say every day where will my come from the Riano says that saying this this par of as part of is for one to find their Z said upon the death of his dearest friend y son say a very unusual expression your love is dearer to me literally than the love of women a very unusual expression what did mean came from Leia y son came from Rael how could Yas son have such love for David they came from two different mothers who were competitors to the to the point where y said David you'll be the m and I'll be second in command where did y son get this from y son was the rightful heir to the throne how could he give up that right to be to for DAV to be the me the answer is it came from the love that Rael IMU had for Leia y son said just like Rael gave over being Thea likewise y son gave up being the Mel to where did it come from may not greater than the love of women from the love that Rael had to lay up The Rao discusses how was it thatu wasi the greatest man who ever lived was able to go up to sh and he didn't eat for 40 days or 40 nights most people can't go 40 minutes without eating or even four minutes or even less and was able to go up to sh 40 days and 40 nights says Rao all the souls that were ever created were in Adam marish and when Adar ate from the eight Hadas it nourished his whole body and all the souls who had ever come out in the Jewish people there was only one soul that was not n from theas M where was M when Adam ate from the he was hiding out in the K in the wind pipe of ofish and because M was hiding out in the windpipe and he was not n from the that is why to be one last from the Rano Rano says Ruda what kind of name is says I think it's safe to say we walked here almost a mile to reach the Mak of The Rao ra AAR ofo who lived from 1548 to 1620 he's an individual says he's he's the father of all we know did not agree about everything to say the least one thing they agreed about is that the Rama is one of the greatest of the all time M now the Rama was born the r was born to a very wealthy family he had a great Fortune he dedicated all of his money to publish first of all he bought off the Rak the rights to Hiser or yakar he bought off the Ala of the Rak many of Theo in order to publish it what's very interesting is the the ramam Pano began by learning cabala the cabal of the ramak the rak's cabala is considered the first tier of cabala the says we philosophy and Caba begins where the Caba of the r ends the Caba begins so R began by learning the cabala of the Rak but then comes to Italy a mysterious figure by the name of RAB saruk RAB SAR learned cabala directly from the AR and gave over too the cabala of the there's a big question how could give over too from theal theal was very vehement there's only one person authorized to give over his Caba and that is but there's an idea rner brings in the in his letters when he gave a The Rao wrote a uh Kos on the Riff and ra says that the admonition of V was that anyone after V cannot give over the cabal but was grandfathered in before learned from the actually R taught a branch of Caba doesn't deal with it's called the the before the world was created that's the branch ofab that talks about and that The Rao learned now it's very interesting at age 26 years oldan y sent The Rao the folios of the mishna that the Amo should publish for him so aside from the fact thato was an eminent M he wrote M on the 28 times mentioned inas he wrote M he wrote a the also is responsible for publishing the of Rao and Publishing theum of the B now the B did not have to send the ra far the could have sent his far to be published in Turkey but he knew here if you want to get a a saf published correctly Italy and he entrusted it to the ramano every day the ramano would be to the point where his literally went up to sh and he would tell his shamish to come and sort of you know snap him out of it so that he remains here in this world on a one particular day there was a fire here and the shamish got caught up in the fire and the ramano Soul when was returned on high on the fourth day of a in 1620 we mentioned many of the M passed away from the and the so literally says it took us a lot of effort to get here all of our okay we're going to say and then we're going to speak about ra okay this is also the Mak of another great eminent ra zako Ramos R zako was born to a Morano family in Amsterdam uh from Portugal and actually me and rnasen here on the camera we were just in Amsterdam we were at the cev of Ral Mora Ra zakuto was a student of rsha Mora and his youth he studied secular subjects and as he was becoming more advanced in cabala he felt that his knowledge of Latin was infringing on his ability to expand in cabala so ra zakuto fasted 40 days that he should forget all of his knowledge of Latin and he was to forget all of his knowledge he was first the r in Venice then he was the RV in padwa and then he was the r here in mantoa for 24 years he was a talmid in of rabar Figo rabar Figo was a student of rabar ofina in Caba he was a student of someone who learned from the the writes about r that he had cab from and the r he known as accepted now the ques the ra you ready here we are we're in man brings an amazing question the Z says we have a tradition how many paros are there in the to very good G par officially 53 but um what is is asking good they're really 54 par so what is this tradition of the Z that they're 53 Paras they're 54 so the brings from ra that since they're always laying together they're considered one para then brings from another Italian godal he was the r of Venice abuhav abuhav says that there's another para that perhaps doesn't count why because we don't L it on chabas since we don't so that but says I'm going to tell you my own answer and I just remember now it's on this week's para says you know which para doesn't count doesn't count because is one para because how could it be that there's a par without mha's name there is no without M's name I know what they told you in the but there is no para that doesn't have m's name what do you mean no says Trum it's all one para now the is quoted when it comes to cabalistic practice so let's say you may wouldn't it be convenient you at 9:30 p.m. you finish 9:45 and you say don't even think of it now how do you remember is in cuz it's tough It's a tough time of the year and coffee you need a lot you need to drink a lot of coffee that's how you remember and don't laugh I once went to a share from and he asked does anybody know in y what's Sim who who knows that he say that's you're not allowed to say before if you find yourself at such a minion you should sit there you could say to you can say you could say one of the things you're saying V for is for being there at the minion you could say you can't even say until after because of another interesting place where was quoted if you take out the what does say you say it three times yeah three times you're know to say so how can you say says the the it that you're allowed to say it because it's not you're not daving it's how do we know when your he says what's the proof it's because you don't say you just say the so it's you're allowed to say it by the way the writes in the the same idea as ra and he proves that when you're you could repeat again and again because according to the correct way to is you say the and then you say the and then you say the tum so you see your latter repeat when you're being his most illustrious talmid who is the father-in-law of rabay Bon who is the rebi of the ramal another tal of the RAS Ram Vali who wrote A pish on maybe later I'll tell you something that he says the writes he heard that the r had a maged and the g in his writes he heard personally the maged speak to the r theal the ramas that the ramas passed away on the second day of sukus in the year Nas what year is Nas 58 which is what year in the Jewish calendar 167 97 or 98 uh yeah he passed so on sukus it's it's 1697 because the new year didn't come yet so 1697 okay take two here we're driving through the city of Verona there was a great God of Israel although he did not live in Verona Legend has it that he's buried in Verona now everyone's welcome to get off the bus and try to locate the Cav and I'll meet you in Venice as soon as you find it it shouldn't take too long let me tell you a little bit about the story RAB Sabah Sab was born in Spain in 1440 he passed away in 1508 the year the same year that the Abel passes away and you look at the dates 1440 to 1508 and you realize right away that he lived through the G Safar and indeed r saah is an illustration of the inhumanity that could be perpetrated in the name of religion R is born in castill he's a Tom ofon who taught him cabala and by the time of the Inquisition this is the marina yeah Arena Arena okay and by the time of the Inquisition R was already an accomplished and in 1492 R Ram sabba comes to Portugal where he hoped to find Safe Haven but it was not meant to be so RAB had a few peaceful few years in Portugal where he completed his commentary on the T the the M his commentary is called and aish on per but who remembers who is the king of uh Portugal at the time King Manuel okay say King Manuel and King Manuel had a terrible surprise in store for the Jews of Portugal we spoke about this this past summer when we were in Portugal but King Emmanuel decreed that any child was under 18 years old was snatched away from his parents and forcibly converted by the church had two little boys they were kidnapped forcibly baptized he never saw them never saw them again but that was not at all rabi ABR had a very impressive library of manuscripts that he collected that he bought they were all confiscated they were burned in a Public Square in Lisbon together with thousands of others far so RAB AB is bereft of two of his children his life collection was burnt but at least he had one more treasure his personal manuscripts alra and on the migil and on per and then one day RAB gets word that they were on to his secret it has been revealed and if he would not destroy his manuscripts he was jeopardizing his life so with a broken heart he dug a grave and he buried his manuscripts under an olive tree he never saw his Kad again so R writes in his introduction to Mig that he was subsequently imprisoned together with another to force him to convert the other died out kesem and RAB AB managed to escape after six harrowing months in jail he escapes Portugal and together with one of his sons Yak he fled to Fez and he rewrote from memory thear Al Ander on Esther and Russ thear writes in Paras Bahar that the Troubles of the Spanish Inquisition was caused by the lavish Lifestyle the arrogance the htin and wherever RAB AB traveled he always preached about this subject now there's a little bit of a good ending RAB aram's granddaughter marries Maran y r so RAB Sabah was the grandfather-in-law of the author of the sh but I want to read to a legend that the writes in his entry to sa in the sh says the he says in the he says that at the end of the life of RAB Sab he was coming on a boat and there was a terrible storm and the captain pled with rabam sabba they recognized that he was a holy man he said pray for us pray for us RAB AB Sab said I will save you I will pray for you un condition that if I die on this boat you will not throw me overboard but you give me is if you if you agree to do that no harm will come your way the captain swore to rabah R Ram Saba prayed the storm stopped and after two days Ra sabba was passed away some say it was Aram Kipper and they were close to the city of Verona and the captain of the ship brought the ship to Verona and here in this city of Verona is buried the author of thear R sa who says a wondrous KES by the way about the name of the Y of kanah he says I'm going to reveal to you the meaning of I never saw it in a saer nobody told it to me it was revealed to me says they were victorious with the 25 letters of shma is as we know Rashi tells us that even if a soldier if all the soldier knows is that's enough of for them to be victorious in battle says Sab when somebody does not have enough time to learn Hashem gave CL Isel a shortened condensed form of K and that is the 25 letter by the way it's almost andala reveals there are 54 words in the first para of sh ConEd the 54 times H is found in M says that's why Zar advises H come in the morning to for the power of sh to so we're here in the city of the okay we're headed to the great city of Venice Venice had many very notable Rabon we were at ra Zak today who buried in mana and Ra was the of ven the Modina was the r of Venice uh there were many great raban in Venice the raban of Venice were known to have given the ramal a very difficult time and uh one of the associates of the ramali writes amazing words about the city of Venice he says when mashiah comes the first city that will recognize will be the city of Venice now it's very interesting there two sister cities there's Venice and pwa says the rad Val the Tuma of Venice is the Tuma of the Kev the Tuma of pwa is the Tuma of the someone even asked me why are there so many CL around they said they're more than that's what somebody asked would explain how the T of Venice is the T of the Cal but there were many great great old time ranim who served in the city and tomorrow we're going to go to the uh Leo Island which is a cemetery of ofes we we will visit the C of as well as okay good evening everyone before we bench I just want to share with you one amazing thought from we know that gave the to in what year in the Jewish calendar what year year in the Jewish calendar that give AB was born in 1948 1,948 the T was given in the year 2448 so let's make a that's b b and then 448 448 is T me b t me sayem's love for them the year who gave us the is the year that hasem showed his love for cl is so being able to be on this trip and being able to connect to our history and the is and the T recognize this is a great gift from it's a it's a reflection of hashem's love for us his desire to share Tyra with us for us to have a deeper connection to the T andem we'll have a wonderful day tomorrow and uh thank you everybody for joining us okay good morning everyone sh we're here in Venice I want to share with you something from one of the great R in Venice ofina Arina was a rabbi here for 36 years Arina was a rabbi here for 36 years he wrote a very interesting safer about memory called Le he asks if somebody would come to you and say or if the rebish some would come to you and say I'll give you whatever you want I'll Grant your every request ask me for something what would you ask for everybody has on their list you know what they would ask for if they uh they won the jackpot says there's no question the would come to me and say I would ask for nothing other than a good memory there's nothing better in this world than a good memory he says think about it if you're if you're notz you need to know pis who could remember all but if you had a good memory at any moment you could summon up any in the or if you're you need to know at any moment you could access any or let's say somebody like to say ver you know people always like a good but they can't always remember the they're looking for so you can remember every just at the right time or let's say someone's an they like to observe whatever they learn so this way whatever you've ever learned you have immediate access and you could keep right away in fact talks about the you know there's a question certain things help a person remember and certain things they contribute to forgetting so says somebody who frequently eats olives it causes forget forgetfulness by the wayi says it means more than once every days on the other hand thear says it helps a person remember so says he would say the following that which the father causes you to forget the son causes you to remember meaning what the olive makes you forget the oil helps you remember in fact says I want to tell you something from the time I was a young boy from the time I was 13 years old let me tell you what I ate for breakfast every morning of course I had a piece of bread cuz the gamar says you gim and I would always dip it in olive oil every single day says I had the best memory of anyone not only in entire Venice in the entire generation because I had olive oil every day so this is who's a r here for 36 years with our good friend raali who's the expert on Venice and the legend has it that at these two doors the Ra was put in now it's very important to realize when the comes to Italy and the comes to Venice the when he arrived in Italy he comes to learno he's put in Lazaretto Lazaretto means he's in quarantine so he can't come out what's he going to do the writes the sh ha in quarantine he writes the whole sh from memory without any sparm without any computer and he listed all the that list that lived before him you would expect that someone who contributed to Jewish Literature Like The also by the way the r wrote a second Zar he wrote a volume of Caba as big as a z a second Z You' expect Ram to appear in sh the name of the RAM does not appear in the sh the of the r do not appear in the sh and it's not like the the did not quote anybody who was somewhat controversial but the r does not appear in in the Personal Diary of the the mentions M when he says when he was in various places he was in a garden maze the likes of which the M talks about but you can't help but think that here in Italy how could the about the the was in this was not a perhaps a wise move to be mentioning the R so we mentioned the r wrot a second Z the writes about his encounter with the ram that he saw the WR an entire page of like that okay so we're talking about such a personality that had the ability to write now we know it's not like you know the the ram is flowery or literary the G is reputed to have said that he read the first 11 or so chapters there's not one extra word so nobody wrote more accurately than the and yet he was able to write an entire page so the talks about when he came to Italy he met somebody by the name of rakov kazak okay I want to tell you what he writes about RAB yob kazak because he met him twice he met him in his first trip in the 1750s and in his second trip he says he heard about Rak he never became T in his life now rakov kak the says in the mag was a member of b l he was a member of the Ram's secret Association now we don't know exactly what transpired in the conversation between the ram between the andak however we do have personal Diaries of the and in the's personal Diaries he writes very cryptically what razak told him about what was going on here with the ramal because in some of the writings of the ramal the ramal does reference sh there's no question the speaks about him and it appears that what rakov kazak told told the was that the opinion of the the opinion of the ram was that CH had certain potential to be mhia which whether or not he was and became msia could still be accessed and tapped into and this was like secret conversations that Rak had with so the the records the reverence he had for kazak the learned about the from R kazak but again here in Venice specifically the chief Rabbi of Venice in America we call him Pacifico pafo was the great great adversary of the ramal and uh many people go to Venice and they spend a lot of time in the Lut B medish and people talk about the ramal that was not the Ram's B ramal did not have a Bas medish here in Venice that wasu David Lut who's more of a modern scholar but uh here is where the r was put in and we'll speak more about him as we go along okay this uh Bookshop this library is known as the uh was the B Med of ofina Modina was the chief Rabbi of Venice for 36 years I'm going to share with you a that the records in the sh from by the way interestingly Arina had a very notable anybody know little trivia who is the of none other than the Rano the r anyway the P says like this this is records anyone who's a rabbi or anyone who D in a is going to appreciate this we have one you abolished all of my counsel you don't want to hear my rebuke elsewhere it says listen to don't abandon my my rebuke so says human nature is that if you pay for something as soon as you buy something you could say what is this this is terrible this is disgusting what kind of quality is this yeah this is this is not worth the price of tea in China but when you get something for free wow it's unbelievable it's amazing it's incredible see the thing is once you pay for something you own it once you own it you could abandon it you could disgrace it but if you get something for free people love it if this is true with merchandise this is true with rabbis says anytime a kahila paid me a salary anytime they gave me a tip anytime they gave me anything all of a sudden that was terrible who' you hear that from this is not the appropriate time to say it they always disparage what I said but as soon as I gave them a free Russia oh it's so inspiring it's so moving it's so important says would say when you pay for you're not interested in it but you want to hear don't pay for it basically when it comes to t you don't get what you pay for okay so okay okay you have a special opportunity now only those who are on this boat are going to hear this we're now traveling by vote through the Alleyways of Venice we're headed to the Kev of rih of mod who lived from 1571 to 1648 he was the rabbi of Venice for 36 years in 16001 had a baby boy on Nissan this R records in his biography his autobiography Yehuda and he says you know my whole life I always wondered why don't Jews call their child Zulan I mean this is a name that's fallen out of disuse ruen shim Ley Yehuda even you have done naali I don't know how popular God is but you have more Gods then zaner what happened to Zulan says I wanted to be make shame of my son is born in Venice Venice is how can I not name my son Zulan so looking over at the water here in Venice says the Zulan because he's in the city of Venice so this was the name that RAB Moda restored here in Venice now his secular name was Marin and he gives this was uh what R records in his autobiography okay everyone it's a very great you know we mentioned from theal that when you could go to a Kev that many people are not familiar with or don't have access to one could accomplish more this is a very rare K we want to thank Mr aldor Alo Al who is a yid of Leo Island we're here on Leo Island at the cev of rabuda AR of mod who's the rabbi in Venice for 36 years he was born in 1571 and like Mr aldor said he passed away in 1648 on Z Adar we mentioned his was none other than Rao rabo was his I wanted to study medicine we were hidden dur you know what you did better for yourself came back to school the the School Fellows were still fasted and so I I felt the need to run away and I you did the right thing so reud AR mod was a rabbi here in Venice for 36 years he had a very tragic life he was known as a n nifla a Wonder child Wonder child when he was 13 years old he already spoke in the public in his SCH and he wrote cont which were he had three children the first one died young the second one was killed the third one went lost ran and was not heard of again he had a very tragic Life we'll talk about some of the difficulties he encountered um his kala died right before Thea he had to marry the kala's sister who it didn't it was not a very smooth sailing to say the least um it was a very difficult marriage I will tell you that R said that his wife caused him so much trouble that literally he couldn't breathe he had abscesses in his lungs and he was dying on his deathbed the he already said Vio and he's laying there in the deathbed he's laying there and he's laying there and the days are passing and the weeks are passing in and the months are and he couldn't take it anymore he couldn't take dying anymore he got bored of dying so he said you know what enough with the dying already I might as well get out of bed and he got out of bed and he continued with his life and by the way that's a very important lesson many people enjoy wallowing and self- misery and at a certain point in time you say enough already what's it doing for you get up and get your life together that's of we're we're going to speak about um the indan that Mr Alor mentioned but not over here I want to tell you was a man of many trades except for he couldn't make a living so I'm going to read to you from his autobiography of the various careers he had he taught Jewish students Gentile students Li he taught writing he wrote Jos for other people if you needed a Dr it's better than AI you you would hire y safos he was a Russa music shets you know what he did he he wrote comedy he was a director he was a producer he wrote he wrote tragedy he wrote K he wrote scho you needed a jobina is your man he could do anything the only thing was he couldn't make a living which brought to a very um difficult chapter in his own life which was the subject of being but I do want to say that one of the greatest contributions of many are not aware of is that many on they say was written by of written by of let me read to you what he wrote in his probably was the most colorful of all the is who ever lived he actually is on the official list of he says let me tell you one thing cut to the chase don't praise me so much just say one thing I wasn't a hypocrite and that's a big compliment that's something that most people cannot say about themselves my inside is like my outside now listen to what he writes you know what he says he says I feared God more on the inside than I did on the outside most people are the exact opposite most people on the outside they have the full as they say the full but on the inside says on the outside you might not see too much but I show no favoritism not to family not to friend not to relative and I show no favoritism to myself had the great attribute of so all of our over in this should be another great to be at the of re Le re who was born in Germany in 1468 he comes to Venice he's known known as ashaz he wrote a saer a very famous saer a saer you should be familiar wither is a very important saer in fact in the introduction to Primm Primm writes that every child needs to learn is a lexicon of Hebrew words I'm going to speak about it briefly he also to help his students he wrote notes called Nim to the work of the radak dark so he comes to Venice he has a very hard time earning a livelihood he meets a cardinal vbo well da okay vbo okay you'll give that to me okay and idus is studying Hebrew he's studying Hebrew he needs he needs he needs a teacher so he hires El now this is somewhat of a moral dilemma because elur cannot support his family but what's he going to do he's going to teach a cardinal Hebrew and Bible but he has nowhere to live moved in to the home of the Cardinal for 13 years the Cardinal was MAF and taught him Hebrew not only that in the brings from the Cardinal so you say would this go over well today I just want you to think about that for a moment would this go over now say but do we learn the wrote notes on the who is not afraid to speak out if something was a little bit off reel wrote notes on the that's important and I'm going to tell you a quotes from the Cardinal Rashi now many attacked for teaching the Cardinal toyra and and his to saus hus which he wrote upon the uh suggestion of the Cardinal offers three rational rationalizations while he was able to teach the Cardin number one it was he had no way to support his family and it's not to teach the cardinales number two many greater people than him have done so before him and number three the prohibition of teaching t to the nations of the world teaching secrets of cabala or secrets of not Hebrew language and not the Bible I want to share with you a few amazing that appear only in the he in his entry to the word he says where in sh do we find what does the say a different the and there's a safer I could tell you about outside that tries to explain what's the connection between ham and the man we'll talk about that then another interesting uh teaching Italia where is Italy says this is called Italy the F of the land will belong to the Cardinal told me where in Italy is sh calaba calaba where a lot ofum come from Calabria that was given to asav now the word e e is it e or a with a or with a it's but if you spell with an a with a to cuz a means we're but e means not e means not a mean a means we comes marolas and he on that it seems like he forgot the in no beer and you see that a with no comes to defend from the Rolos that if you look in the maim aashi in Sanhedrin says a a does not mean no beer it means where's the beer so wrote to answer on so it's a very important saer a very significant saer okay before we go into the do's Palace we're here in St Marco square and I just want to say a few words because the came to this Square number of times he came in 1776 and he came on the 28th day of el just picture for a moment when is the 20th day of el it's literally a day before Rashana you would not necessarily expect that would come here you know maybe maybe during the summer maybe after y he came here l 176 okay this is in during the American Revolution okay T 1776 and he writes he entered one of the Palaces he saw some of the rooms and the magistrados and they say there are 72 tribunals there and this is something staggering and I was thinking why do you think the came here right before rashash the Was preparing for rashash the said there's 72 tribunals here courtrooms we know possibly the came here to illustrate to himself to bring to life what does it mean the what does it mean the what does it mean the official judicial process now it's interesting in all the writings of he does not referred to this place as St Marco but he calls it Han Marco Han Marco and it's assumed it's because did not want to refer to it with the name Saint and therefore he refers to it as hand Marco the spent three hours here seeing all the shops and all the various details and he comments how the items in the merchandise was sold T okay okay good evening everyone good evening everyone tonight tonight is tonight is the yard side of many great sikim tonight is the yard side of the the re the author of The igal Borstein tonight is also the art side of the one of the one of the kavas that we had going on this trip this time of the year was We were coming to Italy in the footsteps of the K whose yard side is this time tonight and we were going to go to many of the cities that The visited in his trip and later on in the mow I want to share with you five Han that the brings down that are really lifechanging but right now I want to tell you something about the relationship between the and the okay now I handed out a sheet recently came and I got a hold of uh an addition from the's personal library from the of Lun with the's handwritten comments on it with the famous signature the signs his name like his great great grandfather raai by the way raai always refers to as his grandfather but he was his great great grandfather maybe we'll speak speak about somebody once had the audacity to ask the why do you keep calling your great great grandfather he's your grandfather stop it already and the wrote a cha explaining why he has the right to call him his grandfather in any event we know the traveled to many countries in Western Europe to France to Germany to England to Holland the never went to Eastern Europe so by theim there's a legend that by the chob andin they say that the end of the life they brought what your Chernobyl very okay so you'll you'll authenticate the the leg okay at the end of the's life one of the came to him and brought him to say from and read for the first time the and said he had he felt that he wasn't to visit the communities of but I want to share with you an amazing statement of the re yeah good you're also you're also very good on this trip we have the we're well we're well represented on this trip okay here we go says the re R he says that when hasca began with Moses Mendon and his commentary on the uh the beer so the re said that it was that ConEd the of the sent to battle the of the but the re said in Italy there's aad a great that through his pure works if only would put into the hearts of to learn diligently The Works of the works of would keep CLA on the straight and narrow and the the re said especially the the and other so there's there's a question how exactly do the works of the how are they mean the was a great God but the lived in a generation of alltime great sik the you know why da did the re that why not any of the or the Masters what was unique about the that the was sent down to the world to so I read in the one of the biographies of the this one is written by Zev peretzki and uh this resonates with me very much the had a style of writing different than perhaps any other God in history all the in history they write in a very traditional way the was the first God of Isel to be able to strike a very fine balance the subjects that the write about writes about he wrote about in a in a sense in an academic sense in a scientific sense nobody ever wrote about travel like the no nobody ever wrote about history like the the work like the sh that records um biographical information bibliographical information you know one the the father of the Modern Art of bibliography Somebody by the name of Morris Stein Schneider who is considered the father of modern day bibliography but what the did the really preceded him in from memory being able to catalog all the writers whoever lived before him all the that were ever written before him so the was able to take all the traditions and write it in a certain sense in a scientific way but yet it's so the method of the was very unique in that the approach to all the various he was able to the hasala see otherwise it was uh it was two different Playing Fields it was two different you could either be in the world of or you could be in the world of of was able to demonstrate that the is no less than any of the other so that's the Reb said that the of were sent down to the world a little bit later on in the me I want to share with you from the um of five amazing that will as they say will change your life one of the things you know that they say wrote over 70 how is he able to accomplish this in such a in in a lifespan I mean just the shame alone is this it boggles the mind how any human being is able to cat catalog all the writers whoever lived all the whoever lived so writes inites someone who doesn't waste time there's time for everything so that's uh a Mot that we could say that definitely lived by and it's really a privilege to be here in Italy on this time of the year okay uh hope everybody enjoyed their dinner the yard side of the tonight is the uh yard side sud of the I want to share with you five Han that the brings down that have really revolutionized for me just in general the the way of doing things the first talks about you know back in the day people used to wear fill in all day people were filling all day okay so we understand you read the generations have declined we don't have the physical stamina to wear Fillin all day we don't have the ability to guard ourselves to wear it in all day so we just wear it for the daving says but but back in the day they wore it all day so at the very least before you take off yourin you have to learn something in the you can't just take off the right away one one one you don't want your to remove yourin before you learn something in other words most people they they keep the till after till after the a little bit longer you want to be the every day then says think when you learn in your and think you're learning in thein is these four in is the four letters of the that's one that brings number two I'm going to tell you something you do you could do in under one second you could get EX an extra nine mitv a day an extra 3,000 Mitzvah a year you ready every time you walk into writes you should think you're the mitvah of mikash and means you fear you have reverence for the and to have it's a different inion one is to have fear from the place to have to have reverence from the place and one to have reverence from who dwells in the and then says you should think you're being to be able these are three you have before the it doesn't even take one second and it's like it's a game changer you think think this before you start daving it's a different daving okay number three okay you ready for this say that anyone who answers with all their now I want to ask you a personal question did you ever see anyone who actually answered we know some say it means all your but some say you never saw anyone say if you if the guy said he would be they would carry him out he'd be institutionalized you know nobody ever says sayen no no no the way you know like you know your kid does something nobody answers like that but what does the mean you should answer listen to this says you rev yourself up as if you're going to answer a but when it comes down to it you could say it you could say it regular but you prepare yourself you rev yourself up as if you're going to answer with every fiber of your being as loud as you possibly can and then when you say ITA when it comes down to it you could uh say it Kel okay two more you ready for this what do you think when you bow during Schwan what do you think says the four bowings in there two there's and by the first you think you take the Y of the sh the of the ad and the Y of the should pick up the AL of and the AL is being picked up by the Y that's the first kavana the second bowing you think the hay of the Hava should pick up the dollar of the and the dollar is being picked up by the hay by you think the V of the should pick up the N of the and the N is being picked up by the V and the he by the final the of should pick up the Y and the is being picked ay now it takes practice you're not going to get it just one time you heard it you practice it it becomes Instinct it becomes natural this is the kavana that one is supposed to have it BR the Shak brings it down in the one more okay this is also Game Changer shabas you have but the has three parts to it n okay so every shabas you have you have now actually I wasn't this is a separate thing you don't get the at one shot it doesn't happen like one shot when do you get it when you say you get the of the when you say you get the of when you say you get the of the that's Friday night Friday night is the the female side of the Nish but the Kad of shabas day is greater shabas you get the ne by you get the when you're after you say and you get the by a of M okay now could you hang on to that on Sunday when you say the you want to hang on to the r of the of shabas on Monday when you say the you have in mind you want to hang on to I'm sorry Sunday you have in mind you want to hang on to the Nish of of the Monday you have in mind the ru and Tuesday you have in mind the ne now that means what do you do to hang on to the to the on Sunday You're supposed to have by doing so you hang on to theama of the Naran of chabas Monday how do you hang on to the r extra so how do you have extra they're Monday and Thursday this way you hang on to the of if let's say somebody wants to be or if you could schedule it for any day Tuesday or Wednesday says why cuz Tuesday you hang on to the how do you hang on to the so Sunday is n Monday is Ru Tuesday is nees comes Wednesday now you're preparing yourself for the F for chabas to come you want to tap in to the extra of the upcoming chabas Wednesday is the nees Thursday is the ru that's why Monday and Thursday go together Monday you hang on to the ru of last shabas Thursday you connect to the r of the coming chabas and then Friday is the so Friday and Sunday go together that's why Sunday in America is a half a day also why because it's like parallel to Friday it's it's like connecting to chabas Sunday and Friday is uh hanging on to chabas Monday and Thursday go together Tyra Tuesday and Wednesday go together that's why I'm today's already Monday night it's Tuesday I'm going to do you a we're going to stop now and I'm going to let you bench and go to sleep that's not not the part the part is that they could go to sleep anyway these are five Han of the number one what you do when you when you come into the number two number three how to answer number four the kavana by the bowings of and number five what to think when you say the Y each day to either hang on to the Nish of the previous shabas or to connect to the Nish of the coming shabas these are the of I recommend you get a hold of the the brings hundreds of different short kavanas he says by every before you do any Mitzvah any Mitzvah Talis in before any mitv you do you think you're doing brings little small okay good morning everyone today is the yard side of course of the now I want to give you a little bit of his family background in order to appreciate this's father his name was zarak his grandfather was rabaya his great-grandfather was rabit ritak had a brother-in-law Benyamin zi who's somebody who the quotes he had a son RAB zi who was uh one of the alltime greats he was actually the first person ever allowed to be buried within the Dal of Zar this is a cousin of the so today's yard side I want to give you to a little sight what is a yard site this comes from in the quotes his father citing his cousin the one the first one allowed to be buried within the of Zar we know ham picked the month of ad because it's the month that passed away but he made a mistake somehow this was a big error on the part of ham what exactly was Ham's mistake AK you know the the says there's an idea that on a person's birthday a person's masle is good there's such an idea writes about this that on your birthday you have good masle so you have good masle on on your birthday then why does Hashem orchestrate that sadik pass away on the same day they were born I mean if you have good Mas on your birthday what kind of good maszle is it that a person should die on the day they were born you know who needs good masle like that that so the say a very interesting idea that for is the day that the goes up on high and is and for them that's the greatest ma they could possibly have so they daa pass away on the day of their birthday that's the ultimate sign of a so says the big mistake of H H passed away so it's bad masle for him just the opposite he was duped it was AER he set his own trap because therefore the month of was a month of good for good for that's the idea of a yard site says in the name of his father in the name of have a good day good morning everyone V good morning good morning leaving Venice but we can't leave before speaking about a very important subject that is very relevant to Venice Venice was a center of printing in Venice began the printing Revolution which made an indelible impression on the history and the Tyra literature in Italy and throughout the world in general Italian Jews were always known as Book Lovers as intellectuals they studied manuscripts of Hal medish ha wealthy Bankers used to spend their fortune on purchasing manuscripts they would amass very impressive libraries one of the most renowned libraries in all of Italy was that of Don abarbanel whose cover we're going to visit shortly with the innovation of the printing press they established presses for Jewish printing the most wellknown among the Jewish printing presses was Cino the established by the Cino family in 1483 the first gamar was published in 1483 what's the namic to remember that GAR gamar gamarra gatria 1483 the Cino family published 23 MOS of Shas anybody know how many MOS are in sh very good 36 there's a cha first ch ad how do you calculate the 36 masas Cino family published 23 masas however comes Daniel bomberg a Christian from antp he was an international businessman he owned ships he was the greatest printer in history of Jewish books now he revolutionized printing because he brought in all of his business connections into the World of Printing he received from the pope a permit to open a Jewish print shop he also invested personally heavily in Jewish printing in the 33 years his shop was operational he published more than 2,000 different Jewish books of each he published of many of them tens of thousands of copies of Tyra he published the first M tanak with with Rashi t with Rashi toi the Dal we mentioned in Italy before the tour came to the scene first they followed the ram then the to but now the tour is being disseminated in Italy he published ramban rashba bomberg published with responsibility with accuracy for each word bomberg employed the most distinguished to be editors to be types Setters before he published the volume he purchased many different manuscripts of that safare to be able to create the most accurate text he used n the best paper he used the clearest fonts he used now if you know anything about Jewish printing you I don't want to mention names and give uh extra business to any particular company but Jewish printing is not only about printing it's also about dissemination and Daniel bomberg used his international business connections for shipping and distribution of his farm throughout the world the first edition of the bomberg Shas 1520 and then 1523 about a 100 editions of gamar were published after that almost every future edition of Shas used the original format of the bomberg Shas so we mentioned in the original Cino Edition was tremendous it had about 90 blot so in the bomberg sh he how many blood are in ends on what blot I believe 63 blot right so actually bras has 62 and a quarter blot because the last is uh half an now in the heels of bomber's success and high level quality so ranim from the throughout the Ottoman Empire from North Africa made the Trek to Venice where they sent their folios to Venice to publish the B was in Turkey there was printing in Turkey no the B wanted to use the bomberg printing he could have sent it to salonica no the B wanted to to use n and the fonts of the bomberg printing and because of publishing Venice became a Tyra Center and not only of printing sales so besides bomber's printing of books and disseminating of books the first eers was owned by Daniel bomberg he sold books even at other Publishers published in his store he would often carry 1,500 different types of is that's the first edition Cino followed by bomberg now let's talk about the second edition now there's a idea here that many people they could have learned dafi and learned through the cycle many times and they're still not familiar with all the details of a page of gamarra what do you call the notes on the side of the gamarra that cross references when you have a gamar let's say that appears in one place and it appears elsewhere it's called does anybody know who wrote the masas nobody's going to know I'm going to challenge you nobody knows see now now you got getting a little uncomfortable does anybody know did anyone here ever learn gamar before who wrote The M what do you call the notes in the top left hand side where it tells you we're in the gar is brought down does anybody know who wrote that so it's a good thing you came on this trip the T theb the Mitzvah came from the sh who is the sh ha he wrote notes on the the Riff sh was none other thanu the notes of the sh Ty Mitzvah MB did not appear in the bomberg Edition did not appear in the Cino Edition they first appeared in the second edition of tamad B in 1550 who published the second edition of tamad B it was known as the Justinian edition of tamad B this Edition now employed the notes of the mitv what year was this the year shakai shinid y 1554 shakai so this is interesting the brings the first gamar published in the year gamar the second edition published in the year Shak and the writes Beautiful words about the contribution of the that he wrote it listen to the Le he was a mighty warri warrior h g so this was in the year shakai shin y now I want to tell you I want to share with you a of this is a was which was not even realized until more recently but according to the Cino edition of tahim the of a per of does not count as a so for example m is not Al [Music] is not it's not a it's AAS it's a header so you say What's the difference whether it's a PK or it's a header well we're going we're going later today to L to farrara L talks about someone who made a to learn 10im of every day so could you get away with learning as one of them m says sin absolutely not these are not they are headings but there's one exception the exception is misar that's not a header it's a so you'll ask where Dido get this from how does he know is not a and m theas is a p well it's brought in the name of the the proof is from the last because the peric doesn't begin until likewise all the other chapters that the sang the the mishna does not begin with the header it begins with the actual body of The parac Not So [Music] shabas M so this of the was already issued by Sino in the end of the 15th century so this is one of the reasons how Venice became a world center of Tyra publication and its influence is still felt you've just experienced another Torah class brought to you by Torah anytime.com