Transcript
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Today we have reached the portion of
Kitavo. Moshe continues to speak to the
Jewish nation before they enter the land
of Israel, preparing them for what will
happen after they arrive there.
The portion begins with the words, "And
it shall be when you come into the land
which the Lord your God gives you as an
inheritance. When you arrive in the holy
land and begin to live there, you will
have new and special commandments. The
mitzvah of bikarim, the first gift to
Hashem. Bikarim are the first and most
beautiful fruits that grow on the tree
or in the field. You need to take them
and bring them to the temple in
Jerusalem. The bikurim are brought to
the temple in a unique way. You take a
beautiful basket and put the very best
fruits in it. You travel to Jerusalem to
the temple, give the basket to the
priest and recite a special text. The
special text recited by the one bringing
the bikurim is, "An Aramean sought to
destroy my father. Our forefather Yakov
went down to Egypt. There we were a
small family and became a great nation.
But the Egyptians were cruel to us. They
afflicted us and imposed hard labor upon
us. He cried out to God and he heard our
voice. God took us out of Egypt with a
strong hand and an outstretched arm and
brought us to this place, a land flowing
with milk and honey. And now, behold, I
have brought the first fruits of the
land which you, God, have given me. This
is an expression of thanks to God.
Thanks for all the goodness. We remember
where we come from and how we arrived
here. After this, the basket is placed
before the altar. One bows down to God
and rejoices together with the Levites
and the poor. Another mitzvah, tithes,
caring for the poor and the Levites.
There are several types of tithes. The
first tithe is given to the Levites who
serve in the temple. The second tithe is
eaten in Jerusalem or it can be redeemed
and the money brought to Jerusalem. With
this money, fruits are purchased, tithes
for the poor. Every 3 years, it is given
to the poor instead of the second tithe.
After 3 years, after giving all the
tithes, one must recite the confession
of the tithes. I have removed the sacred
things from my house, and I have also
given them to the Levite, the stranger,
the orphan, and the widow. I took out of
my house all the sacred items I was
required to give and I gave them to
exactly those who needed them. I did
everything exactly as I was commanded. I
did not eat when I was in mourning and I
did not touch it when I was impure. Now
Moshe says something very important
today here in the desert. We are making
a covenant with God. What is a covenant?
A covenant is like a special agreement.
God commits to take care of us and we
commit to keep the commandments of the
Torah.
Moshe says to the nation, "You are all
standing today before the Lord your God
who is standing there, the heads of the
tribes, the elders and the officers,
every single Jewish man,
the little children, the women, even the
converts who live with us, from the wood
cutter to the water drawer, everyone.
This covenant is important because not
only those who are standing here are
bound by it, but all future generations
as well. Every Jew at any time is part
of this covenant. Moshe tells the
nation, "When you cross the Jordan and
enter the land, you shall hold a special
ceremony. Take large stones, coat them
with plaster, and write on them all the
words of the Torah.
Afterwards, build an altar out of whole
stones. You must not use iron on them.
Offer burnt offerings and peace
offerings on it, and eat joyfully before
the Lord." Now comes the stage of the
blessings and the curses, and the
Levites will proclaim the blessings and
the curses in a loud voice, and all the
people will answer, "Amen."
Cursed is the man who makes a graven or
molten image. Anyone who makes idols for
idol worship. Anyone who dishonors their
parents. Cursed is the one who misleads
the blind on the road. Anyone who leads
a blind person the wrong way. Anyone who
does not grant justice to the weak.
Anyone who sins in matters of modesty.
Anyone who harms a friend behind their
back,
such as speaking slander, a judge who
takes a bribe and rules unjustly, anyone
who does not uphold the entire Torah,
and all the people answer, "Amen." This
means that they agree and accept it upon
themselves. The Torah promises, "If you
listen to the commandments, you will
merit blessings. Blessed shall you be in
the city, and blessed shall you be in
the field. You will be blessed both in
the city and in the countryside. Your
children, your crops, and your livestock
will all flourish and multiply. The
basket you take with you, and the food
you have at home will be filled with
blessing.
Everything you do will succeed. Your
enemies will come at you from one
direction and flee before you in seven.
This means they will be confused and run
away in all directions. There will be
rain at the right time. Your crops will
grow beautifully. You will be wealthy
and able to lend to other nations. You
will be leaders around the world.
Wow, how many blessings God promises the
Jewish people for keeping the
commandments. But if, God forbid, they
do not keep them, terrible things will
happen. Cursed you will be in the city
and cursed you will be in the field. The
opposite of the blessings, the baskets
will be emptied and the food will be
lost. Both the children and the crops
will suffer. Severe diseases will
spread. There will be no rain. And the
land will be as hard as iron. No crops
will grow. Instead of rain, there will
be sand and dust. The enemies will
prevail. You will go out to fight in one
way. And you will flee in seven ways.
There will be fear and terror in all the
kingdoms of the earth. Moshe describes
the most terrible thing of all, exile.
You will arrive in foreign and
unfamiliar places. You will be forced to
hide and even to worship idols. All the
nations will speak bad about you and
mock you. You will be scattered
throughout the world. You will be
stressed. You will always be afraid. You
will be anxious and fearful. Now the
Torah tells us that the division on the
mountains will be as follows. On Mount
Garism for the blessings will stand
Shimon, Ley, Yehuda, Yahar, Yseph, and
Binyamin. And for the curse on Mount Ael
will stand Ruven, Gad, Asher, Zevaloon,
Dan, and Naphali. Now Moshe is preparing
the Jewish people to observe the Torah
in all its details. Will it really be
so? And what challenges will accompany
them? We will tell you about that in the
next episode.