The Symbiosis of Shabbat and Yom Kippur by Rabbi Baruch Taub

good morning everybody uh uh we've been spoiled actually we haven't had a double par in a long time but uh I'm going to make it easier for you as I mentioned last week so we're not going to be here for theim so instead of dealing with the paraa we're going to uh I want to share with you what what's going to be my Shabbat Russia I'm going to be in Johannesburg so but I prepared it already and I wanted to share it with you here um it's uh of course y of related okay um you see the uh the topic is the symbiosis of Shabbat and yum Kipper very fancy word uh but personally I think yum Kipper is the fanciest word in that line but um this year is Yum Yum right yum Kipper comes out on shabas now is that a simply a a calendric coincidence or is there something special that we refer to yabas right um I I think it's the latter and I'll tell you why we that's we're going to try to discover what the uniqueness is of uh the the the coming together the symbiosis if you will of chabas and and Yung Kipper um but why do I say it's the latter because we have many times that there's um conflicting moments in the calendar you know when let's say when the first SED of PES night is Mo Shabbat so we have to make all kinds of uh changes right so um we don't change it right for example yum Kipper never comes out on a Friday never comes out on a Sunday kazal arranged it that way right so if if there was a problem having Shabbat and yum together kazal would have also added added shabas to that list so there must be a reason why shab is special and has to remain and not be changed okay so we're going to try to discover what it is we're going to do the best we can Okay so let's start with um number one on the sheet number one on the sheet is two basic important suim uh about yum Kipper uh and and we're going to see some interesting things in both of them on this day we we we do atonement we do K andem forgives us taru and before hasem we become pure there's a tahara process this is by the way the unique aspect of Chuan we can do Chu any day of the year but Yumi it's a purifying it's a completely purifying chu but in any case what's what's the U this is the classic Yumer right the theme of Yumer is kapar atonement the day of atonement look at the next p Shabbat shabbaton yipper Shabbat of and you should well you see the English that this here is is practice self-denial but there are two tremendous nuances two tremendous in this PK number one that yum Kipper is called shabas right that is a and not only shabas it's the mega it's the mother of all shabos it's Shabbat shabbaton so there's there's definitely a a major uh shabas aspect to yam Kipper secondly this concept of you should afflict your your now what's that referring to it's referring to the we we don't eat we don't bathe Etc right so we we generally uh we consider these things actually physical aren't they physical they're we uh we afflict ourselves physically but yet the Torah refers to it as as it's our neish it's our it's not just our body it's not our goof but we have to look at these things as uh as purifying um as uplifting they they uplift us they um they're Soulful neish we're purifying our neish it's a these are Soulful things there's something much more here then um physical pain right that's why the translation leaves much to be desired it's we afflict our soul we we we challenge our soul spiritually physically then through the physical physical way okay it gets it gets better number two this the rambam the title of course we know the rambam wrote the mishna Torah where he goes into great detail discussing all of the tag 613 Mitzvah and and all theas and he he he divides by chapters he wrote The Rum actually is the first author in the history of publishing that wrote an introduction wrote an index to what he what he had as a heading before each chapter even a PUK before each chapter what's the chapter of yam Ki call right now that's very strange the laws of lul is called hul Chau right whatever but sh shab isab but Yer he calls the laws of the shabas of the 10th day of tishu there's something going on here there's almost an obsession an obvious obsession with Shabbat shabbaton yipper is is shabas okay um let's let's look at U something interesting um in number number three and four of course one of the the premier moments of the that we think about on yum ker is the fasting the midst of fasting right the enoi of fasting right the enoi nees of fasting so listen carefully here's the Raman 3 and four when he talks about the din of fasting for torus when we when we are in trouble that we we fast on on serious days days when we have problems we have troubles we're challenged challenging days tur times andem will forgive us right next next these fasts forus are not to be done on shabas and what's going on Yumer is shabat shabbaton it's shabas and and yet this is the most crucial important moment of fasting that we have so there must be something very different about the fast at any other time of the year and um and the fast on uh on on yum Kipper and let's see it let's look at four here's the rambam in um in five rather here's the rambam in the laws of Yumer H and the r writes in first chapter fourth there's another Mitzvah positive Mitzvah positive Mitzvah positive Mitzvah on Yumer not to fast that's negative not to eat right the shabus of not eating or drinking powerful continues right what is it what is this the said our oral tradition tells us that thei the quote unquote suffering the elevation of our right is to for the neish not the body and that's fasting but we don't eat but it's it's a positive Mitzvah right so what what's the difference between Yumer and it's the shabus the shabas of not eating um let me tell you R salant once said what's the difference in yum Kipper and tshav the fasting of yum ker and Tish he said on on Tish on Tish um who can eat how can we eat how can we think about food when when there's aan when so much destruction we're mourning the destruction so thousands of years who can eat on yum Kipper who wants to eat who wants to eat on this day we don't want to eat we want to focus on on on on on Chua on coming back to ourselves on who we really are we have an opportunity once in 365 days who wants to eat we have no time to eat we'll eat later we'll eat later I don't want to eat now right so there's something obviously very different let me let me take it let me take it um a step further and share with you a comment at number six on the next page this is the or the or is simin um he he wrote the m the was a genius um the lived actually into the 20th century uh he discusses the telephone he discusses the balfor Declaration in his M on M actually wrote his saer when he was 16 the M his father didn't let him publish it because in Lithuania at that time even a wagon Driver Taxi Driver could write a saish right Villa right so he said wait first publish your nov on the rambam on Shas and then you'll publish them and that's what he did so he put out the or or with sha with the name but the on the r is on the r and he says something he says something has a question number six I'm not going to read the whole thing to you be ask what what Yer comes out on shabas so what happens if someone is a and he can't he has to eat how does he make Kish what's the Kish what what what um what what does he make Kish what's the Kish that he um that he makes right so again other people are very busy with this again this is this is a collision you have a collision of um of conflicting conditions here right um it's young Kipper and yet I have to make Kish right so poim are very busy trying to untangle trying to navigate the these right but what does the what does the or say the or says you do anything unfortunately he can't make Kish you know why he can't make Kish just the last words he says I'm just going to say should I do the whole thing now second middle of the second line he has to eat you don't make Kish what's the K of shabas what's kidish what's kidish of shabas the kidish of not eating right so there is no other kidish to make on this shabas the Kish of not eating unfortunately he cannot make that kidish but there is no other Kish to make this is the Kish of chabas yum Kipper the Kish of not eating okay Power very powerful the symbiotic relationship he's really saying it's not this is not a blending again it's not not it's not a contradiction of conflicting conditions here it is one and the same thing not just a blending but one is the Fulfillment of the other right one enables the other one defines the other right that's why I say a symbiotic relationship you could even say you'll forgive me for saying there's a certain marriage here that's taking place at certain point and then just hold that thought okay let's spend a moment talking about one two or three different issues of chabas um uh that we might not have thought about before that will play into this will d tale with our discussion of Shabbat the shabas aspect of of yum Kipper um look at number seven this is can we can I'm sorry you do not make it we but M you'll be okay all right um the um look at number seven this is an outstand astounding astounding statement in the shabas I'm I'm the rabbi said anyone who keeps shabas properly even if he worships Idols like in the that original generation of En when they worshiped everything the Sun the moon the stars right Mo he's forgiven this is an astounding thing you don't have this on yum Kipper on yum Kipper there's four four different degrees of chuva right there there are certain MIT of mites if you one does chuva he's forgiven immediately there but you still have to do chuva right and the others you do chuva and you you have you have to have some punishment some pain that goes with it other other Mitzvah you don't have you do chuva but death when a person leaves this world that's the Fulfillment of his complete Chua right but you have to do chuva right here you have a chabas no chuva just keep shab just keep shabas and God forgives you for everything this is an astounding concept this obviously has to dovetail with yum Kipper and certainly the Shabbat shabbaton of Yumer and certainly when Shabbat falls on Yumer falls on shabas this there's a coming together C clearly of of this concept let's see let's see more is there a MIT of sim shabas right I mean the no the the answer is the answer well one say yes and no okay you're right you're right okay but really in the Torah there's no Mitzvah there's official Mitzvah of there a Mitzvah to be shabas is on shabas is on not not simp we'll see but you know they sh grapple with this look listen I gave you two examples here number eight is the C the C is tan the authors of the mishna and the C is daring out in the Torah so the says the day of your days of your shab your of your days of right that's right so you see according to the the the rather um which is again the says isab right but then you go to number nine this is from the this is from the and he says something here I'll just tell you what he what he what he's talking about he says what's the difference between shabas and Y shiv if someone has to say shiv right yov ends the Shiva everybody knows that Shabbat does not end the the Shiva right why because y isim Shabbat is not y isim it is contrary to the Shiva right no y right that's the end of Shiva but shabas is not sim it's onig right it it's onig so um onig is something else right so now look what do you mean there's no s now really so what do you there is no there's aahah for y but there's no mitzvah for um for Shabbat however look at the naiv and he he gra this Na by the way is the a sha he's the commentary on number nine in the the the shilas and he says like this a now by the way how do we if there's really no there really is no on on shabas that's what we have so but there's a here we go that word NE again right we had it in the right the fasting of of Shabbat is for the nees everything is there's a on shabas right now by the way what do you do with the what do you do with the shus this number eight right right what do you do with that so the V comes along the villone and the villon says that's not the proper gears it's a mistake the shus was somebody somebody who did transcribed it it really here's how the shs goes shab so he corrected the text right so but according to n there is it is Sim it is Sim it's a different kind of sim I mean look look at this mirrors here I made a list here look at this mirrors that we sing okay you're all familiar with these M very quickly and they were written by Gish and the AR very holy people uh you know early authorities um look at um uh rosha Ben clonus wrote that's the first Z Friday night right and what did he write mades he says it's a commandment he's telling we have to be we have to be right okay I'm not going to start seeing it but it's the right right actually wrote in thei that he wrote the way that we serve that we're Miss so so it's is not a the on it's on oning is different how do you translate on is celebration I say but it's I think it's more internal it's it's Bliss I just wrote down a few thoughts here it's contentment satisfaction it's a celebratory Mo sensation very different right um you know it's chabas it's shabas shabas is here shabas is coming a certain sense that we feel about chabas right okay um but you see the interesting thing the fasting is called right and says that Sim theim of shabas maybe try to Define more specifically what the Sim is let's go to 1112 and 13 1112 and 13 really is based on a question that rutner asked in in his and I didn't bring the source here and also he answers it with a maral in the sferis in the 40th chapter I didn't bring all the text here but I I'll just explain it to you orally he asks um a question two reasons why we keep Shabbat number 11 why do we keep Shabbat why do we keep shabas because who kept shabas and he rested right that's the first right so over the page number 12 what's the second reason why we keep shabas right we all know because we were slaves in Egypt God took us out okay what does that mean you ever ask yourself right if you're if you're you're sitting at at a Seder and your child or your grandchild says ABA sabba Daddy what does it mean that we keep shabas because of what does that mean I know we keep shabas hasem rested what does it mean we keep shabas because of right so look at look at number 13 and this is R hutner pulled this out from the moral it's it's gorgeous and it's a a medish that the moral is quoting shab said to is that the creation Genesis Sunday has Monday Tuesday is Wednesday Thursday is Friday everybody's got a partner everybody's married I don't have a partner give me a partner Val Ain Ain you know who you're married to you're married to CLA Israel what does that mean why how did that how's that what's is The Birth of a Nation it's go of go we the Jewish people Isel was born out of MIT the Jewish people became the Jewish people you can't call slaves can't be called defined as people right when we came out of MIT we became Isel we became Israel because that was the so B Isel was created at so that's what he means the mites is about the marriage the marriage of CLA Israel and Shabbat that's what happened MIT so here it's it's actually um actually a real a real marriage right so uh let's go further now what does that mean now um the put shabas on a on a totally different different level here um the great writers of the Jewish people often say that what's the difference between a weekday and shabas so six days of the week we we the six days of the week are viewed through the prism of what we do we work whatever we do whatever we our profession is whatever we do that's the six days of the week is the prism of what we do shabas is viewed through the prism of who we are right this relates to shabas and B Isel coming out with with B Isel shabas relates to not what we do but what we are you know I saw many years ago salic in Adia wrote and said actually that he remembers as a child in in brisk that there was a a she did and during the week he was a a Vasa truger I think the story goes he was a he he carried the water he was a schlepper and he wore Tor torn be him and he slept around and he you know as a child he felt sorry for him so once he went into the D on chabas and he sees this Jew and he looks like a king and he's the bvilla right dressed in his shabas finery right and he's a different person right but it's it's more than that it's not just the six days of the week you know is the prism of what we do do we see things and on shabas the prism of what we are no it's not shabas is not the vehicle the vehicle of our identity shabas is our identity a shabas Jew shabas is our identity it's it's one and the same thing to be a Jew is to be shabas to be shabas jew and I'll tell you this plays out in Hal that in in in h like this to trust somebody right let's say I want to eat somebody invites me to their house to eat I don't want to insult them how do I what do I do Rabbi what do I do so what does the rabbi say are are they sh Shabbat yes they sh Shabbat you can go that's the shabas creates NE that this person is a full-fledged Jew you know very often we say and maybe improperly you know are they showas not show but but there's a re there's a reason for that that's a negative way of doing it and we have to stay away from that kind of business but you hear what's going on here that's Shabbat is not the vehicle that defines our identity it is our identity okay let's go let's go further it gets gets even better let's go to 14 um 14 um this is beautiful speaking about marriage right this really explains something is so obvious to all of us right but here's the good shabas let's go out and greet the queen chabas queen raban said shabas he put on his t on chabas and he went at boa Bo right let us welcome our kala right that's why we say that's what cab shabas is all about is all about we are married we are married to shabas right right shabas is our identity istoo doesn't Define us it is who we are gets even better let's look at 15 and 16 but first let's go through 16 first I'm sorry just turn the page just to go 16 first I think it's a better order the wedding is a much bigger wedding than we think but let's see number 16 the two greatest days of sim the two greatest days of sim are the 15th of a and yum Kipper we're not going to get into the 15th of right but what is yipper so I know what yipper is that's obvious right what about tuba but why is it so obvious because because there's two things number one that's but that's what the gor says there is which is right and the other thing that's when we got the Torah the Tor that we have the second giving of the Torah the second giving of the Torah was on on yum Kipper right the two points of s number one is that he forgives us of our sins and number two that he gave us the Torah now go back from just go back to 15 okay now really really look at what is the so look at this this is gorus speak speak about the same kind of the same moment I'm not going to translate everything here but what's the day of our wedding when the Torah tanak speaks about the day of our wedding what's the day of the wedding of the of the Jewish people and Hashem the marriage of the Jewish people and Hashem right is the that's the second Sim of Yumer right not the giving of the Torah the Torah is the the Torah is the of the marriage between and shabas shabas shabas shabas together with right is are one and the Torah so the greatness of that of the day the Torah was given not that the Torah was given that's the day that with the wedding we were married to a KES the Torah is is the is the um theba okay so um that's a Sim right um now what but what is that Sim Sim Sim is the Chua the Forgiveness how do we understand that look at 17 this is an incredible beautiful met you might have heard before it's it's gorgeous I'm not going to do the whole thing um I'm not going to do the whole thing we're okay we're okay for time I think okay um this is the m and braus Raba fascinating Misa uh this is a story about a father and a son the first father and the first of two sons right Adam arish and Cen right Cen does a horrendous thing he because he's a murderer he kills his brother Heil right okay um RAB B the rabbi saidar he saw he saw he saw Ken saw his son Cen leaving the presence of right Y where did he how did he go y he was happy was happy he was already judged right he had murdered his brother um his father saw himam saw him what happened in court how was your day in court I did and made a deal with me right of he smacked himself on the forehead I didn't realize this is the unbelievable power of of CHA and I I had I had no idea so immediately what isan's response he he invents in he created this misab let's sing praises to right by the way the medish tells us this mism was penned byar it was forgotten over time but M himself brought it back you see in the there are a number of of of capitle of tahim that were written by Moshe rabenu and this is one of them and there's a significance that will come to in a second but why did he say m Shabbat right first of all what was what happened here what was the astonishment of aarisha he he was he here he he was confronted by the forg foress that of Ken and he was astonished by the simple fact that what actually happened is hes boru elegantly separated man from his behavior yes Ken killed his brother he murdered him but Kenne was no longer a murderer because a KES Bor who judges us not by what we do but by Who We Are shabas shabas m shabas is is not viewed as simply as a day of man it's a vehicle of Chua shabas is a day of chuva that's that's what he saw here this is what this is what what took place here right so the question is why why in shabas why why didn't this mice take place on yum Kipper right okay it's a little tricky in terms of you know how do you how do you write the story this is talking right at the beginning of bous but but it's on it's on shabas not on yam Kip you'd think such a thing would happen on on yum Kipper the fact of the matter is as we saw before from that gamorra that on on shabas if a person keep shabas completely properly he's forgiven without without anything there's a power of chuva to shabas which is which is embedded which is partnered which is married to Yum Kipper also so yum Kipper and shabas are really the same I mean yum Kipper is Shabbat shabbaton it's the mega shabas right but Adam what he saw was the same it's all the same it's the same you know what it is I'll tell you what it is chabas 52 days 52 weeks of the year is the Journey of this chuva the Journey of this process of being who we are really are not not focusing on what we do shabas is the journey yum yum Kipper is the destination you you know what yum Kipper is like you know you go to a bar mitzvah or a wedding a bar mitzvah a grandchild and you sit there and you're thinking you know I remember my B Mitzvah was so special and I remember my daughter's but Mitzvah I remember my son's B Mitzvah I remember my children's wedding was so special and now here I am here I am at you know at this tremendous Sim we have we have we go through life there's there's a journey of chabas of shabbatot where we we do what we're supposed to do on chabas properly if we view ourselves on chabas by who we are and not by what we we do I might have murdered somebody but I'm no longer a murderer I ask for forgiveness then on looks at us that way too he judges Us by what we are what we are not not by what we do right so now what are the two dimensions of chabas the Sim they're both Sim that's what the gor said Yer is greatest day of sim because he forgives us right and because we were Merit because of the Torah because we were married to him it's the day of our wedding and the day he forgave us so he said you know what what's the Sim I mean kapora it's a it's a solemn day it's a serious day right we we tend to look at a day of forgiveness our life is in the balance but yet according to the gorah it's it's it's a day of sim right so it's not they're not twoo conflicting emotions here you know how do we deal with these two conflicting emotions on y Kipper on the one hand my life is in the balance and on the other hand it's the Sim that the Torah was given our Sim the day of the wedding of both Sim the Sim of knowing that a Kesh who loves us and wants to embrace us and wants to forgive us all he asks us to do is to focus on who we are not on who we what we did get rid of what we do we turn off that phone on shabas turnning off the phone on sh not now now we do things we don't do things no turn off the phone that's not who I am you know it's like you know a father gets angry at his child and he yells at the child and he sends him to his room and about an hour later after his wife gives it to him for overreacting he goes up he goes up the stairs to the child knocks on he says I love you say that that that that wasn't me that was not me it wasn't me and that's that's what wants us to say to him it's not that's not me that's not who I am that's what I did kayen right I he might have murdered somebody but he's no longer a murderer he's not a murderer anymore right so last year um we said on Yumer May right when to who's going to live who's going to die right we never imagined the uh never imagined the terrible losses that we're we're living through right now we never imagined the two Wars that Kess y would be fighting the war here in mid Isel and and the war against the Jews the the worldwide anti-Semitism we never imagined that this would happen never imagined it um we have to what we have to do now by the way I just want to I pointed out in the past that for the last 70 80 years has been a bleep on the radar screen Our Generation and certainly our children right and our grandchild we we we lived it was a different world right but this was this new reality that we're living through Now is really the old reality this is the reality of Jewish history from the time Jewish history began right what we've been living through was a bleep on the radar screen right that's what we're dealing with now but it but it's happened now right and look what's happened look what's happened look how look what what's happening to the Jewish people who have been so assimilated and the the the the conversation here in Israel was was constantly about what divides us and became really what what unites us and there are definitely detractors uh but they're not in the majority as loud as they might be and as loud as the media makes them they are far far into the minority right we know what's been happening over this year the number of of Jews who have come back to shabbat the period of time for two or three months couldn't get a pair of czas now I don't get me wrong I am not saying I'm not saying a reason of why this happens or the silver lining of of this right I'm not I'm not one of those people who who speaks with uh confidence about the reason why certain things happen to the Jewish people only fools say such things that's the because of this Mitzvah we didn't do that's not what I'm saying I'm not saying that but we do know one thing we know what has happened assimilated Jews have been waking up Jews have been coming closer we in the faith community have been stronger in our learning in our in the quality of our Shabbat the quality of our our mitvah right it it has brought us together right you know that forget about what you hear what's going on in the college campus let me tell you what you don't hear the attendance at Friday night Hill Shabbat dinners has tripled and quadrupled in this in this year now that's that's an amazing statement because we we really don't understand the assimilation in America today we we you know it's not Hester Street right kids today American Jewish students today never saw a grandmother like shabas candles the assimilation is is beyond and yet again I'm not I'm not this is not a silver lining this is not a response why why these things happen but it this we do know one thing this is happening it's happening right is telling us leave aside what you do and be who you are and I will forgive you and I one thing I will say one thing I will say and you don't have to be a you don't have to be a navi but I will say that it's no coincidence that the first yum Kipper after October 7th is yipper what we have been talking about that symbiosis that blending that power of shabas and yum Kipper the shabas aspect of yum Kipper the Yum Kipper aspect of chabas every week the journey leading up to the destination all happened now this year for us all we all he wants to do is for us to discover who we are to defend who we are to determine who we are and he has to defend who we are right and Hashem will forgive us he'll do the same he'll do the same and we should have a okay [Music]