Parshat Kedoshim: Lifnei Iver - Placing A Stumbling Block Before the Blind by Rabbi Shai Finkelstein

fix no it's fine okay hello everyone um I sent marot was not printed so I need to make up a Sho today so I don't know uh what do you want to talk about um you know what but maybe I'll just talk about yeah yeah no but uh I think I'll uh I think I'll speak about uh something that obviously relates to the relates to the paraa uh and also probably relate to [Music] um yeah why not okay and relates to uh many questions that uh sometimes I'm being asked or I'm sure you ask yourself so uh one of The Commandments in our para we have definitely many many Commandments and one of the what you deal with that trick uh so um so I'll I'll talk about this commandment and then we can definitely elaborate on it a bit and to try to understand maybe some ramifications to it so one of the in our is okay you should not put an obstacle in front of a blind of a blind person which basically it was done to me when I don't have mot I need to make up a new a new sh so uh obviously when you look at this this PUK so you ask yourself what does it mean obviously so obviously there is a simple understanding which is what know you see a blind person don't don't put your feet and then he he falls that's that obviously but the talks about something very different and it's not only the it's the midashim as well that talks really about the idea of what of not failing not failing your friend and what does it mean not failing your friend which means don't give a bad advice if you see someone who needs an advice don't give a bad advice to someone don't uh be quiet when you hear someone conspiring against your friend and all sorts of of other things but the in somewhere I think uh yeah in the in has a very interesting discussion about and you know what maybe I'll just throw um one two two we'll start with two examples I'll just get a teaser so you get into just one second a teaser and I'll get you two questions that are very uh very common um and then from there we will start so for example you have a non-religious worker in your house can you offer him or her food or drink knowing that he or she are not going to what to recite the Braha okay now no no not religious not not Jewish not just not religious knowing not je not Jewish if you'll ask you know if it's koser or not then you need to obviously be alarmed but non-religious Jew who comes to your house to fix something he's there for a few hours and he even if there if he's not there for a few hours even if the first minute they ask for coffee so you know so the idea is can you serve him or her something knowing that they are not going to recite a a b you are walking in a restaurant and um and this restaurant is not Kosher can you walk in a non kosher restaurant knowing that what Serv that you are serving non kosher food to Jews even though they're not religious but for Jews hey so that's the second question uh the third question can you keep your um butcher shop open during the the nine days knowing that non-religious Jews will buy meat during the nine days of and all of that so obviously you understand the questions are what what the questions are what the questions are can you facilitate something that is an is it's a Prohibition for someone and not knowing for sure that he or she are coming or even if you know for sure so those are just common modern questions and let's see how it starts with thear and then later on we'll try to deal with those questions okay so says the following um what do I mean by that so the mishna in the first Mna says that three days before a non-jewish holiday you shouldn't do any business with them and three days after their holiday also there is a problem but let's say three days before there non-jewish holiday you shouldn't do any business with them you obviously by the way understand the stress on the Jewish Community yeah if you take into consideration all the Jewish holidays and Shabbat and and the non-jewish holidays so the question is obviously when do you have time to do any business right but whatever that was in the time of the pagans whatever it is the three days before their Jewish non-jewish holiday so you can do any business with them the question is obviously why why not so the gamar says is that because of what of which means because you are making business with them and they make some money they will go and what and praise their God so you are in a way helping them to praise their God or because when you sell them for example an animal they will take that animal and they will sacrifice it so you are basically the the one that empowered them and allow them or enable them to what to bring that sacrifice everyone is with me with the question very simple question so the gamar says who cares who cares is that because you they are praising their God because of the business that they did or because you enable them to have an animal to bring to their Idol so the answer the gives is what that this nonew has another animal he doesn't need necessarily your animal he has another animal to bring us a sacrifice so the says if you are telling me that it's because that he Mak some kind of a of a profet and therefore he will go and thank his God that might apply even if he has another animal why he has an animal that its value is $20,000 he bought an animal for you for only $7,000 and he negotiated well so instead of sacrificing an animal that cost $20,000 he sacrificing an animal that cost only $5,000 so he made some money and you know so he will go and thank his God but so if he has an animal and you sold him an animal because there is no B benefit because he could potentially bring his own animal and he doesn't need yours it overrides the issue of what of not selling an animal three days before their holiday because you are afraid that they're going to what to sacrifice it which means that you shouldn't put an obstacle in front of a blind person does not apply if I can get it by myself meaning if I can get it by myself even though you are giving it to me there is no problem so then the gam says I don't understand why the simple understanding is that you should not enable someone to do what to violate a commandment I don't care if he has an animal or not right the minute that I sold him an animal I basically what enable him to take this animal and to sacrifice it so thear says so now the is asking a question there is a brigh what is a brigh not so much addition what is bar outside even in Arabic today bar is outside Bri is same status of a mishna but it was not included in the codification of re but it was outside why some of it because they had some mistakes some issues whatever so that's called Bri uh Susie you talked about TOA okay the TOA is also AIC Source also was not included in the Mish According to some maybe it was was composed a bit later some composed earlier whatever it is the idea is that's TOA now Bri is bar is outside okay in that bright it says what that you shouldn't if someone is a azil so obviously one of the prohibitions of Nazir is to do what what he cannot do he cannot drink wine you cannot go to the Nazir and say and give him a and give him a glass in a wedding or in a bar even though the Nazir sits in the bar and he can definitely get his own you cannot hand it to him okay or you are not allowed to hand ever what is ever a limb from an animal from a living animal that's one of the things one of the that the non Jew is also obligated one of the seven no so you are not allowed to give it to them even though they seems to be can get it by themselves so the says so says there is a major distinction between what does that mean it's a metaphor it's a metaphor for what it's a metaphor for the following concept two Banks to the river two what banks like two sides to the river I know it sounds almost like a Palestinian chant right um so the idea is is that if it's in the two sides of the river which means I cannot easily get it when you give it to me even though potentially I can get it you by giving it to me you made it easier for me and therefore you are violating if it's in one side of the river which means it's accessible I can get it without you so then there is no problem you are not violating okay so if I would ask you okay so what are the measures so how do I Define when do you violate it you violate it only if I cannot get it by myself if I can get it by myself you don't violate now how do you know okay so first is how do you know so that that can be very easy if I am a if I'm walking in a non koser restaurant and on that street to have 10 other non koser restaurants and you're just walking on the street and I'm here and the second restaurant is there and he wants to buy non kosher food he can get it in my place he can get it in someone else's place right if you are the only restaurant in town okay and the other restaurant is 2,000 miles away so then it makes sense however however especially in today's world I can get things online right so the only matter is a matter of time not accessibility I can get whatever I want just with take a little bit more time and maybe a little bit more money so it might change the idea of and ever back then in ancient times yes when it's on the other side of the river or the other side of the world it would be very hard for me to get it today's uh world is obviously much easier okay so you remember all the questions we asked before okay but before we get there uh let me um share with you an interesting tosot let me just recollect my memories yeah okay the Bri says and I'm sorry it's all by heart for you I but you are with me do you need me to repeat anything it's it's I I try to remember something that it's not that complicated it can be complicated I'll try to make it as simple as I can the brighter says what the brigh says say that how do we know that you shouldn't hand a glass of wine to an a because it says says toot do we know anything about that's not the TOA this is toot do you need a little bit of an introduction photos it will be interesting I think you know what let me give you a little introduction why not H that's the pho Susie really today that's Theo but you are correct about Theo 16th century H so who are the TOs so you know we mentioned many times to I'm sure you hear in many in many in many sh you hear about the TOs who is the tosot tosot is not a person tosot is 200 years of talmudic literature okay that's to okay so those are the what they call the authors of the tosot now when you say TOS to comes toet toet is what an additional thing for something what is that something so that's interesting there is a very interesting discussion among the what exactly was the goal and the methods of TOs and when did it start okay so let me take you a little bit to ancient times okay so put for a second don't put an obstacle in front of a blind person put it aside in your mind for a second let's talk a little bit about the B I think it's important so we know that um we had the time of the mishna the time of the T the time of the mishna ended around the end of the second century then we have amim and that ended around probably fifth to sixth Century then we have what we call the discussions that were in the in the bet midash and then around the 7th Century we starting to have and then we have what we call gim they were really brilliant not like today everyone is brilliant they were BR and now and also why they were called gon by the way gon is only one person is of in there are two in B one inita and one in on there were sometimes well three but but those are the two main ones and they called the Yesa is called gon yob and that's why it's called gon okay gaon by the way is also Pride gakov okay so that's why it's it's interesting because they call it gakov like the the Jewish pride is where in b instead of is but whatever we're not going to go into the P so that he was called G and then the gon came to an end around the last gaon ga ga is gaon he died at 1038 which was like the third uh um the first third of the 11th century and after that basically the gon went down raon was basically the last gaon that we will consider as a gaon and then we have then we have [Music] um I will call it some kind of a a black hole because the time of the gon is gone then we have some rabbis that we know from example from Kiran which is um it's from Africa South Africa uh Rael Rael he is from Kiran how exactly he got there I'll invite you to a different sh that I will give uh there is a m which we not sure if if it's true or not it's a about four prisoners and one of those prisoner was his father they were captured by pirates on their way from Italy probably to collect money and then they hid their identity because they were like really Scholars and then the Jews in South Africa North Africa sorry in Kiran they ransomed him the father Rabel and he opened up Yesa in Kiran and his son Rael he was probably the first one to write a per a commentary on the talmud here you have it you can't see it it's okay but that's he was probably the first one to do a again a comprehensive work oops a comprehensive walk on the town like to write to to to try to understand the tud what was before before who learned the talud think about it who studied the in the time of the gim only smart people which were the geonim their students they students students what do you think was the number 400 at the height of the season and also there was a lot of politics and who is invited and who is not but most people didn't do it Jews were simple Jews whatever they had the sh they sent it to the geonim Everywhere by the way the gon set where in Iraq okay and basically most Jews were under Islamic control there only minority of Jews were under Christian rule okay little bit where in uh in Sicilia if I'm not mistaken uh in England Jews already came in 1066 but that's really at the end ofat most Jews live Where in Israel in Syria in Iraq in Iran in all of those places okay even in Spain there was under Muslim um control whatever it's called so you send an question to the geonim and they will answer only twice a year before and before P so I don't know if you have a problem with the chicken Ines I don't know if you want to wait for an answer byes um it's might be a dead issue but um but it is what it is that's the way they will answer and only the gaon can answer questions meaning there is a in a stud in the midash and only the go is one to answer and you need to send with the letter it's it's fascinating is fascinating um we're not going to go there now but let's leave that aside so then we have ra okay so he he's there very good then we have obviously the well-known Paran Rashi in France was born when 10:40 died at 1105 okay so this is Rashi and he writes commentary on I mean brilliant where did he get his education for Germany Germany Germany he quotes a lot but he never studied by him because died when 1028 and we said that Rashia was born at 1040 so he definitely didn't see him but he did have M from him Traditions from him from his time in Germany who were Russia rabbis so he mentions to ROV barakar and forgot someone and who was his father and there was one more now where who is RA where did he come from how come that Germany they had a a center uh of Jewish studies don't know no one knows we know from all his uh takot all his decrees not to have two wives not to open up mail that it's not yours that's r okay now is the luminary of the Exile but where did he come from we don't know anything about him we know little really little about him professor salic wanted to say something that everyone who has any Courage says that he's not right but you need to be very careful saying to Professor Sal that he's not correct um he has some interesting proofs but most people do not accept his idea that he thinks that there was another Yeshiva in Germany at the same time that there were in the time of the he has some proofs not all of them are convincing whatever it is set up so Rashi in France so he takes what he learned in Germany and he goes to France and then he has three daughters his three daughters are marrying three um the ran the RAB May no no rashbam was a grandson there is one is RAB the other one is I think Rian and the other one I forgot the Nam whatever all of them become now they are taking what Rashi did and they start developing it but mostly it's comenting on Rashi that's the beginning however then you have the grandchildren and the grandchildren are the ones to develop the method the most famous one is obviously RAB what was his real name jakov why it's called Tam jakov is his name when in the Brit his name was not Tam his nickname was not Tamimi he was Yakov Yano but because is so the nickname became Ru who lived in the 12th century beginning of the 12th century so he developed this sh this attitude of tosot and we call it and I'll say it in Hebrew it's the same thing like in English dialectica in English dialectica what does it mean dialectica dial dialectics so what does that mean you take one s here you go one s there and you compare them and you see the differences and then you do one of two things right one of three things you reject one and you accept only one or you create a situation that you say okay this thing applies only when the situation is a and this one is only when situation is b or you harmonize it now ruam who was a brilliant person very assertive knew exactly who he was uh and was a little um confident over confident might be he never suffered from a self- low esteem low self-esteem okay he never suffered from low self-esteem the title Tom then oh the Tom was uh not because of not of because being naive but just because of sitting in a mid proud yeah so rabam start creating this method and why he created that method that's an interesting thing some people said that it was a little bit of an influence of what was going on in France at that time the first University opened up in Paris at the beginning of the 12th century and the dialectica was something that was definitely something that most of the scholars in France dealt with now to tell you that R went to the university to learn it or or that he had any conversations with non Jew non-jewish Scholars I have no idea um no idea but it's definitely in the air however he created it and then there is somewhat of a deviation when you start looking at TOS especially from rste you see that there is a change yes they definitely mention Rashi many times sometimes they call him Rashi and sometimes they call him the contas what is contas M booklet Rashi wrote his his comment on what on on paper paper punishment and basically there were you have a pile of of pages and that's called count and they will probably tied it with some kind of a leather okay and a string of leather and that's called count okay now so start basically and that's how we in the 13th century how they viewed what he did in the 12th century they said that he and many of the B after him basically viewed the world the the town as aad what is aad which means it's like a circle which means everything needs to fit which means you need to harmonize all the sources together and if you read tosot and not only read but you study tosot you see that sometimes tosot ask questions that if I will not tell you that this is TOS you would think this is one of the amim in the tal many times the to will ask why the talud didn't ask a he couldn't say B so tosot become from a commentary on Rashi become what a continuation for the talmud and as such they start also making decisions for the time I mean is a prime example of it says something in the mishna it said something in the tud and the tosot already in the beginning of 12th century basically saying that most of it does not apply anymore today if you read most of it you can totally ignore according to the for example as I said before 3 days before their holiday you cannot do any business with them right can you show me any Jewish community that can survive not doing businesses 3 days before a non-jewish holiday who is going to sell them their Christmas decoration if not us no no Suka decoration right no who is going to who is going to renovate their churches I'm not I'm not being funny look at the shoo him look at the respons form the 11 12th and 13th century most of the businesses the Jews did because of the restrictions which was money uh loans and interest it was only with whom with Christians Christians so R had to deal with those issues and basically says Ah today the Christians are not pagans and you can do that everything the M says talk only about pagans okay who told you so there are many many interesting things that you can see by tosot but I just want to talk about the method so raut was the first one he had many students many not talking it's not a shat pich okay we're talking about like you know dozens of students but his students came from everywhere Russia Bohemia England obviously France Germany um Hungary r r had all those students so as you see it's not about the numbers it's about the kind of students you have and they basically Start Spreading his Torah and his understanding now as I said before he was very assertive I mean he even went against what the ba in Paris had to say he sent them letter says you have no idea what you're talking about you need to come to I'll tell you what to do whatever that's I'll take you in a second or you you need to because if not I'm I just wanted did he get push back with what he was doing oh sure but he didn't care oh you see that I mean I don't want to portray him like a God forbid someone so assertive but he stood his ground he knew he's correct because of his lineage because of the knowledge he would argue with his brother-in-law with his nephew with his older brother who was his older brother the rashbam the rashbam who saw Rashi he says with all due respect I have a wonderful brother but he's wrong he's wrong and he's wrong and he's wrong um so he didn't he thought that he's he's presenting by the way ra himself almost was murdered by the Crusaders you know the first Crusaders was in 1096 in Germany then later on they came to France and one of they he was basically circled by some Crusaders and they beat him up they beat him up like seriously why not he's Jewish but not because of what he oh no no they thought they knew that he's like the leader of the Jews so they beat him up and then a knight came by and saved him and that night I think owed him some money so that's why he saved him but RAB was RA survived okay so ra is gone so we have his nephew by the name of rabenu sometimes we call him ru sometime raak and he lived in where in t any French people here I probably butcher the word but it's called dampier okay I don't know how you say it in French in French so rier was much more subdued than Rabin he was uh less assertive and he uh he start continue to develop the toot but he was not that creative like but definitely he created the Yeshiva and he created he I will put it he more mainstreamed toot after that so he is in the second half of the 12th century by the way just a teaser I know it's a 35 days from now 36 days from now but my for will illustrate this contrast between R and regarding converts I'm going to talk about converts in the from the time of the talmud until uh the Middle Ages in France Germany and Spain and you'll see it's a very interesting uh attitude that they have uh not exactly all the time and you shall love the convert uh because of many different reasons which is very interesting there is obviously tal issue and there is obviously issue however this will be the in Hebrew Okay a challenge for you why not uh the English will be a different topic okay let's go back to so Rak does what he does and then there is some kind of a of a netic really of a disconnect between Germany and France everyone is doing their own thing and then you have rabish Shimon Mish R Shimon from shans and he what he does he basically edits and compile the toot meaning he takes everything that was said before and then he start composing it when you read the TOs here and where it says no that was 100 years ago M takes all those traditions and he compos it and he edits it and that's the to what you have mostly in many of the tractates on the T or it's orar which was also he did basically the same the same thing when was it when was this 13th they are the 13th century also what happened in the 13th century there are other toot for example toot that was composed where in Spain the RO ruer was a talid of whom Moten you know Moten yeah this famous story that was in prisoned and which by the way also we're not exactly sure if that's the story about him or someone else but whatever it is he was a 13th century incredible scholar in Germany and Theos was one of his students now after the mar renberg was captured on his way to Israel by the way he wanted to make Ayah the r understood that uh it's not safe to be in Germany huh interesting and uh so he fled and he went to Spain in Spain the rashba uh heard about his arrival and he appointed him to be the chief Rabbi uh that's end of the 13th century beginning of the 14th century but really at the end of the 13th century so Theos was able to escape to Spain and he in Spain became Chief Rabbi of the city and obviously open up Yesa but for him it was very interesting because that's the first time knowing known to us that an ashaz became as as well so he was able he was always trying to what to balance the two traditions and it's interesting in some of his he he describes that he tried to explain to this sik Jews you are wrong and they told him don't tell us what to do juw from Spain and you can see it after the expulsion in 149 um two um that when they go to other communities they don't act like guests they act like the baltim a because they came with numbers okay I'm not show money but they came with traditions and they said that we are there since the exposion from the second temple and who are you like Jews you have no tradition we have the tradition so it's very it's very interesting um but uh so we are we have to and we have also R to R and we have TOS who Rabani I a guess where is he from Italy Italy the 13th century and 14th century who also wrote a TOS so TOS basically is a compilation of of two almost 200 years this is many how many good we have no idea what do I mean we have no idea let me ask you a question do you know the people of the great assembly you heard about them right right can you name me 10 people from m good who okay let's put him there okay go we have 120 yes just no sorry no good good guess but not this time okay two [Music] H um probably not no shimad was the last very good so you got the last one very good okay we have three very late probably not who was the first one me an no antigonos was the talid of shimik that shimik ended that era okay so he was the last one who was the first one you know him he's in tanra was the first one so was the first one shimik was the last one okay shimik died when 200 years 200 BCE because antigonus was around 160 no no no even before no no no no two maybe the thir Century BC that's where shimik is and because he was at the same time according to our tradition with what's his name um the quar that saw him um whatever his name Alexander mdon thank you so Alexander mdon was when 333 333 okay thank you so he saw shim Anon was a student of his and antonus was around two generations before was when 167 around 167 if I'm not mistaken so that's BC so that's what we talking about so shimik was the last one eam was the first one so you're talking about I don't know how many years we're talking about they came back from Exile 70 years after Exile so around 200 years right so we know the first one Ezra we know the last one shimik we have M based on our tradition do we know any others don't try you will not maybe you will find one more one more name why don't we have the names so part of it was who care about my name I care about what what I did and that's the same thing with the to how many we know look at the book of uh Professor wrote two on that or something like that I forgot um so he mentions how many maybe 50 70 in 200 years you understand that you have definitely more than 70 so one of the claims is that they did exactly what did which means who cares about the name I'm talking about what we did that's a um so that's oh we got to all of it from I was about to read to you to about but that's that's the idea of what of to so the idea of the the process of tosot basically came to an end at the 14th century and after the 14th century you have um you really have you have some problem I me uh okay I'll tell you a few things there was something terrible that happened in the middle of the really the beginning of the 13th century in France like almost towards the half of the century the burning of the Town exactly 1244 1242 it depends from Paris he was and he had to argue with the church and then at the end of the day they burned the townwood can you imagine you don't have a computer nothing is stored in the cloud it's all manuscripts so they said according that the 20 cor not 20 wagons filled with manuscripts were burnt can you imagine the loss of what of sources so basically sources you just don't have books so you can remember many things by heart but you don't have books so the idea is that in the 13th century tosot the idea of tosot the attitude the approach of toport took some kind of a turn it's hard to innovate it's time for what for compilation for editing for putting everything that I have together and put it in in documents by the way just a side note um one of the tricks that non-jews who borrowed money from Jews one of their tricks was to do what to burn books why because many Jews they wrote the loans where in the books so when you get rid of the book you get rid of the loan because you can't prove it I mean it's amazing if you want I can tell you stories not stories I was not there but you know sometimes I feel I do live in the my my my walk is Walking with the Middle Ages so sometimes I I I feel feel like I live there but the idea is is that it it was terrible and just think about it I mean even what's happened in the last the end of the 13th century you have the exposion from England the 1290 2,000 English Jews were uh were expelled um so what can they take with themselves not too much so they go to where to what do you think they go from England obviously to France that's the easiest place to go to most of them will go to friends they stayed there for how long 16 years uh yeah 1306 13306 we have an exposion from France how many French Jews were expelled 100,000 wow why what it took to expel anti-Semitism loans uh Christianity hate wanted there difference between Inquisition and oh Inquisition is much later I mean Inquisition I know my family experience but what I'm saying is anti-Semitism anyway every in the Europe Back Then and Now what event King's order or what oh yeah King's order because you know there was pressure from the church or because England already did it or because he wanted their money I mean pick one they don't need it you can pick more than one if you want there's no no restrictions so where did they go where did they go okay so some of them went to Southern France I feel like we are on a cruise okay um uh so bring some memories so uh so the thing is is what is that um no where did they go so some of them went to Southern FR France because you know the fact what we have today France it was not it was not a country they were a region so you know you can have uh you know this region is is controlled by this king and the other region is controll controlled by the other king whatever what what we call for example who lived in the in the beginning of the 14th century he lived in parpan where is parpan provance what we will call Southern France but back then it was not southern France it was it was basically a region which was not connected to the to Paris or whatever so they some of them went to Southern France and some of them went I guess to Germany um or to what they called and this is I'll give you a hint no I'm not going to give you a hint I'm just tell you in many of the CH in the thir Century they call a country Eran who do you think they mean by Eran anything that is is not in the jurisdiction that is comfortable for Jews K Italy tury who were considered slaves in around the 11 12 even 13th century the slovaks allak like even Hungary Poland all of those places they will why they called Slovakian from the world slaves I know it sounds very not politically correct and I know I'm recorded sorry but that's history okay they will bring slaves from there and they will try to spread Christianity there so they will call in chot that you have respons from the 11 12 13th century it's called now I'll give you another question you will be you know maybe we should not have any just um when it says I the island it means what Eng England England because it's a it's a little island okay so that's called so you read from the 11 12th century we need to obviously know a little bit about the the language the language might be might be a little bit different so Eran is not Ouran it's uh it's the slovaks and it's um English it's English is it sometimes mixed up for Kanan never never it's not anymore about yeah um by the way even at the time in B Isel received another namea what is marava West marav because when you sit in B is is it to your to your West so it's becoming a mar okay um I think I'm done with I think so yes why do you bring me there yes when you brought up the top oh good I can ask a question is there an issue is it a problems you taking he's taking a a Jewish group or what Jewish group necessarily religious he is religious yeah but it depends I mean what kind of church when do you go to the church City going to no no I'm saying is that even it's not for a two guide even for a Jew can a Jew enter a a church so it's question's not entering he's not entering but he's taking them and they're not people that are knowledgeable they're just as part of the tour yeah but I'm saying it depends if that's a an active church it's not an active church if it's an active church is there is a mess at the same time or not and you have differ of opinion some people say alra and some people say if there is Art there and it's not at the time of a mess and it doesn't look like you are worshiping it so you can go but it depends it depends on the Pim I'm not giving a now he's taking them they can go by themselves this is the same same thing yes even if he's on the wall what do you mean ah if there is a tell him like if there is a statue yeah yeah yeah yeah it depends dispute among the rabbis I'm not going to tell you my P I'm not here to give a now um but to give a decision there is a dispute among among the Pim yes they also had voting and that was where you had to go and vote in a church it wasn't in the sanctuary so you obviously you have many many okay so let me go to tosot the real tosot on the okay oh wow okay so introduction yeah next week There's no class next week I will translate don't worry okay so what basically is trying to make a distinction between two different cases he says the following he says the Bri says you shouldn't give a cup a glass of wine to someone who's already you see that the guy is a Nazir but if a Jew comes to you and say to you can you please uh I would like to buy this uh n the TR meat can you give it to him what's the question here it's not only about it's about what is your basic assumption on the Jew right maybe this Jew just buy this strafe because he walks for a non-jew and he's just what the wal guy okay he's just the wal guy now maybe he walks for a non Jew maybe he walks for another Jew you don't know right but why would you assume that what that he will be the one to eat it therefore TOS says only if you have enough of a reason to suspect that this guy is going to really eat it so then you are not allowed to sell it to him so obviously when it comes to um waitresses for example okay can you walk in a non kosher restaurant many teams especially in America I mean can I walk in a non koser restaurant so a Jew comes in what do you do but there issues benefit also not just on kosher there's more issues if I if iiter in a non-er a restaurant owned by a non Jew no no so so the question is can I serve him so one of the solutions I'm not I'm not saying if I agree with it or not but in the solution is that you can walk there but you shouldn't serve him that's pretty hard no no you can just serve someone else's table just say look I I don't serve Jews as a Jew I don't serve Jews okay so you can somehow you know create very basic question how can you tell the person ch now if I want to be funny I will tell you that before he eats the tra he goes and wash his hands okay uh or take his keeper from the pocket but if I don't want to be funny um I'm sure that there is a way to to tell if someone is Jewish or not um and if not not I mean if you don't know he's Jewish so you can treat him the same way you treat everyone else um I will just say uh one more thing with the workers because this is something very common you have none religious workers who comes to your house and you know after a while you want to give them food so there are two ways to do it a and many others talks about the idea that if you don't give him he's going to look at you and says this guy with his keeper I walked for three hours in the garden the guy did not even offer me a cup of a glass of water what kind of a religion is that so obviously there is a in it so there are two ways you can do it there are three ways even you can do it you can give him a glass of water and you can drink with him and you say the most of the people will say amen that's one thing second thing is that you can just say look there is water in the fridge or there is a water on the counter there is food here you know help yourself or just feel comfortable okay so if he does it he does it he not necessarily wants to it some of them just come with their own you know water bottle and they come with their own food they don't want to eat um and there is a third thing you know just do it by yourself but fix your own things don't call A A handy handyman but the idea is that for that question there is the other side which is if you don't give him it can create and when there is obviously there is a problem by the way in the Army if you have children grandchildren in the Army when they share a room with non-religious friends whenever you open up food you share with everyone there is nothing that it's only yours okay so obviously they all take and the question comes up without being walking in your house it's they all live together so the same the same things you want to create Kem so what do you do you just say the BR out loud most of the people would probably say amen and they're not going to see it as a as a f braa on them and you will be surprised that many of them will put their hand on the on the head you know and and say Amen um so that was like hopefully by next time we will have