Nusach Ashkenaz in Sephardi Texts by Rabbi Dr. Ahron Adler

as usual this year is sponsored in memory of elisheva SEMA bat Zalman elisheva Frist and today in particular 10th y site of um one participants's father elzar Ben Moshe 10th yite today was it a shap this is the great question it was and it was there you go so you avoided your father was probably somebody who avoided M there there you go see they say a story of a gentleman who comes to sh and he put on a talit and he s that was a lot of kavana but he never put on so somebody walks over with him why don't you wearin he says I heard of M between rash and ra and my father told me before he died don't get embroiled in any m good yeah yeah yeah yeah last week we dealt with the issue of censorship in rinic writings I mentioned that this is a story of talmud B it's a story of mishna it's a story of rambam it's a story of the sidur um we had trouble in Europe uh as if today we don't have any trouble with anybody we had trouble with EUR in Europe with Christianity who um was engaged in forced uh conversions forc baptisms we talk about the Spanish Inquisition of 1492 so um people think that there was a mass Exodus from Spain and that was not the case over 60% of Spanish jury opted to baptize and and they were safe was as simple as that last June when I took the my first only trip to Spain um and we saw um personalities we we met up with personalities in the cemeteries and other places in certain locations of ranim who baptized who who were were known figures I mean we not household names in terms of the ramam and the ramban and the rashba but nevertheless ronam who was significant personalities and they went over to the other side so we're not talking about um a meager few uh somehow another when one projects from the 15th century to the 20th century that the expansion of Spanish jewelry I'm talking about Spanish not North African not um Iraqi but just Spanish jewelry per se we know that the overall growth was was Mi minimal was really minimal and that was because most of the Jews um actually baptized and from the 40% who didn't baptize um some actually did baptize they became moros and underground they kept some semblance of of yish of yut many of them ultimately never came back some did come back at certain turns of their lives or family life and there are some who are moros until this very day they don't I mean they're not called moros anymore but they're descendants of moros I believe that the president of Portugal is a descendant of a Morano family the um the the idea of growing up and dying a KES hasem was not something that was cultivated into the uh children's hearts and Minds as opposed to uh ashkenas in Europe there was also a threat of baptism all over within the Crusades except there the Jewish people opted to Die Al kesem um I had a professor at y University Professor Aus who had certain statistics I know that you have to be careful with Statistics I think it was Mark quain who said There three levels of liars there's a liar there's a bigger liar and then the statisticians those who talk about statistics because statistics has to do with how you wrote the write the question in the in the in the in the form when you ask people to fill out a form for statistical information but nevertheless there's a certain uh gauge here we can use of communal books kilal of names and um you can somehow figure out roughly speaking what the population was in a certain era um and we talk about the the year 800 both in Spain as well as in ashkanazy and ashkenaz is Germany and northern France southern France has a different history that's called pons but in northern France Ash pure ashkenaz jury and S and Spain and you take the year 800 and you get an idea of how many Jews there were at that point in Spain how many Jews were in ashkenaz and then take the same statistics uh and here it's going to be more accurate how many were in Europe and how many in ashkenaz and how many were in Spain and um to determine the success of a national group you have to see check the what was and how many there are now you can see how the growth is working so just as a point of comparison um this professor used Britain and France so he said if you take the Brits of 800 and compare it to 1939 they were um uh 60 times greater the number whatever it was whatever X was at a year 800 it was 60 times greater in 1939 and I say 39 before the showah because that obviously upsets the whole statistics and if you take the FRS Franks who become the French people it was times 40 whatever the X was at year 800 at 1939 it was times 40 Spanish jewelry whatever the X was at year 800 it was time 4 it grew four times and that's it four times of course the only explanation to that is that most of Spanish jewy either baptized and they were lost to the people so no longer and including add on the miranos and of course then the expulsion and those were killed so you don't have that many Spanish Jews who actually survive as Spanish Jews per se in 1939 as ashkenaz the the the here we have numbers that there were about 5,000 ashkanazi Jews in the year 800 and there 12 million in 1939 that means it grew 2,000 times so Spanish jewelry grew four times the same equivalent time framework ashkanazi Jews grew 2,000 times and the uh conclusion of this professor was that even though you think this is like like weird that you have so many people who were murdered in in in the Crusades and on the in the Crusades of course and the various other prrams throughout the ages before the Shah nevertheless the growth of Amel in this area was absolutely astonishing and it went Way Beyond nothing even close to the Brits and the Franks who had great numbers 60 40 this was times 2,000 it was unbelievable and somehow the the the uh inculcation of Kes Hashem was such on the levels of uh even children that they understood that you die for Kem as simple as that and there was no baptism very little very little baptism at the time I think the only time there there was some a major problem of Jewish people who were baptized and that's when uh children were given over um in 1939 40 to um non-jewish families Christian Catholic families in Poland um for safekeeping uh just yesterday I was at a Shiva and I heard about a story of a mother somebody was Sting shiv for her mother an aged mother who at age 14 was put in the convent and she kind of liked it she was given good accommodations and so on and it was very difficult to convince her after the war to come back to the to to Jewish people even though she had no family but there were people other extended family willing to to take her in uh here in in in Israel then it was Palestine but um it not so simple not so simple and of course most famous One became the Cardinal of of of Paris right liser so this was a big issue of heritag zal he ran around to various convents was saying is to see if he got a a twitch from somebody um so so this was a big issue um with with Christianity now what happened was the the the church would actually take people who did baptize who were Mish and bring them to Vatican and as they ransack Jewish communities and took Jewish Sim manuscripts and later print to uh to the Vatican so these Jews they were essentially but now they're they're baptized um and and and they they're trying to underline and highlight those problematic sections or lines or words that would insult the church and that would be uh an invitation for another program so we had no other recourse but to internally censor some of our material so if you take for example I grew up with a sther in the United States you know nice sther Hebrew Publishing Company remember that one from 1913 1918 whatever the beer and bound sit and one beautiful that right in the archives and no uses them hardly a so there they ask every kid who got up doesn't fit in with the they bar down to to nothing and and so this was not part of the s for hundreds of years in ashaz the all had it because there was no problem of Christianity in North Africa and in Yemen so there was no need to censor anything but here in Earth Isel finally we can be free if you anybody read the R's great speech was speech at y University 1956 where he talks about hearing God's knocking c f six times and one of them was the theological knock says the establishment of state of Israel was a real thorn in Christian theology because they they belied that even if you have a uh benign uh type of uh relationship with the Jewish people and not aggressive and not out to kill them and to to to to create the lowest status civil status for them as was done throughout Jewish history but nevertheless they in Eternal damnation the Jewish people will never return home they'll be in galut forever and that's was the last line of defense of the Catholic church and all of a sudden comes the state of Israel and shatters it literally shatters it and that's why until 1992 the Catholic church and the Vatican did not have is diplomatic ties with Israel and the only thing that changed it was the was H 1992 was the Oslo agreements and that's already a political speech why the Catholic Church it wasn't that they did chuva believe me they had nothing to do with that at all it just had to be on the right side of the table in order to negotiate for the future status of but um the the the idea that here in ER we can put everything back so in the sud was put back in America they still printed with brackets so you know some people you know if they're not comfortable with it you know so I know that parenthesis means take out brackets actually means put in and that's what the principles were doing they were saying put this in so why didn't they just put it in without the brackets because they realized that there was s that didn't have it so they put it in such a manner that you should insert you're speaking you're you're praying to a god that's not going to help you the um but here all the are just printed properly and correctly you take so I have a book home it's called that which is missing from the printed Shas VNA what's missing from the printer CH Villa all the um the the the deletions because of the internal sensor so you have all kinds of M about yes so that's not a good thing to have a medish about yesu in in the they took it out sometimes they didn't take it out they simply took the ud and changed it to an and now it reads fromin and that's as oh asov that's that's okay that's a fair game to talk about as and there are m in the end of about as so so who's ASA we know who ASA there was an oral tradition who ASA ASA is you know the the the the pastor the the the the the the the priest down the block you know that's ASA and so on but but we never printed yesu anymore there's even a very important section in the rambam the end of the 11th chapter of the laws of monarchy that's been entirely censored out um there the rambam actually has a type of good word to say about both Christianity and Islam he says that Christianity and Islam moved the the uh Gentile World from Pure paganism to Pure monotheism in stages say I'm Israel does it overnight at har where we were B Noah before har and now we're you know Believers of but the nations of the world it actually takes some time so the raham says Christianity slower than Islam Islam is is is monotheism the rahan believes that it's a monotheistic religion obviously the Islam is not Judaism uh they did they did a lot of Corruptions in in their understanding of Judaism one being that Muhammad is a prophet obviously that's Nish from our point of view so the so that's Islam but it's monotheistic but Christianity not according to the rambam not yet monotheistic Rah believes that the Trinity the father son hold ghostes means that there's a split in in in terms of the understanding of divinity and according to Ram that's already smells from idolatry it's not pure idolatry R agrees it's not pure idolatry it's something and it's in the right direction he said because the says and this probably the most famous in all because we have one foot out already there some people call because you have one foot out one day God's going to be acclaimed by all so Rah says the Islam and the Christianity they're going to come around but in the meantime they didn't come around yet so it it it's it's on the one hand complimentary some people think a little bit too complimentary the ramam went a little bit too far I mean he even says that I mean we suffered from Islam and Christianity so but let's just try to be objective for a second put all that suffering and pain on the side and let's just talk a moment objectively uh that he says is a half a good word about Christianity and and Islam um but it wasn't good enough that would fear that that that Christianity is not good enough it's not even as good as the Islam let's get it out of the text so it just wasn't there so most people who own a standard rambam and I talk about standard rambam today a standard rambam is the photo offset of the villara print of the rambam which was censored and and I say 95% of people people in I'm the world who own a set of rambam have such a set of rambam 5% have invested in either the shap Frankle Edition ra kak's Edition Rao's Edition ra shilat Edition there all kinds of new updated editions even the rambam laam which is a popular version of rambam here in Earth Israel they already put it back in because they here in Med Israel we figured out that they were deletions how did we figure it out raap brings a schlep of of manuscripts from Yemen and he says hey guess what you're missing 16 lines here you know from the from the missionary of the rambam let's put it back in and already in the ram they put it back in and all the others put it back in and all the other comparisons to rambam we discovered in 1956 we discovered a whole manuscript of that that the rambam himself edits of the first two of the 14 books of Mishra as if he had nothing else to do in life they send him from kalab from Aleppo an envelope you know a of a whole package and he's willing to sit down and go over word by word and make Corrections and sign it with a date and that you you want to see it take a trip to Cambridge oh you don't have to go to P Cambridge just get online you'll see it you can see it my machine you know you know you're going into the freedberg Gena project and you get to see it you don't have to travel anymore to Cambridge uh even though I wouldn't mind seeing it actually they had the I saw a part of it by the way there was exhibit it closes this Thursday if you want to rush you have to get to the isiv university exhibit this coming Thursday was supposed to close the end of December because of its popularity they did a rambam exhibit in the U in the Yu Museum and they extended it for two months so they said that's it February 29th it's closing so and they brought over some of the rambam's writings so part of this rambam from this Edition that I'm talking about was actually there so and I saw this exhibit twice in the last year so um you can get your F you get you can see it so from these manuscripts we can now update the Sid and update the G and update the Rams I mean it's it's just unbelievable the r wrote in the so we know that's an add-on instituted 18 of and it became a generic name even if you D on Shabbat where only seven BR we call iton like you take a Kleenex and you know it can be not a Kleenex but it's a tissue you call it a Kleenex or drink Cola and call it Coke I mean that's the way we are you use sometimes genetic frigid remember frigid I mean frider is a name of a brand so instead of you know struggling to say the word refrigerator it's a long word so you say friger you know fridge so so the the ramb said that was the original those who converted it was the early it was against the early Hebrew Christians some had the phrase minim used the word minim already and it could be that the word minim may have already been a sensed word but okay it's it's pretty authoritative going all the way back all the manuscripts have minim and they call the early Hebrew Christians the minim so but then it was changed to malim malim means people who who snitch on others but that was done to to somewhow sanitize the word mishad that's all and it was taken out but the rah's view words in the Mish in the manuscript is that whole went through its more more changes in than any other in all of because of the problem of censorship so here and there this word was taken out this word was changed and so on but a as a corollary to this problem of censorship how do we say in in kadon um in kadon we have um now before that is I had a guy in my schor B okay and everybody used to go B with fear with with this is theal bodies what does it mean what does that mean let's translate it these these celestial bodies give off the shine and the radiance they give light to the whole world they themselves as if this is a cabalistic idea that the social bodies have a that they they themselves are joyful that that they're able to do the the will of the will of their creator okay their creator in singular Creator why do I say this because konam is a um it it's actually a correction of the um censorship what was the original wordon conem now what does Kem mean the um we have it in the S but Kell done it just once a week in for Shabbat but uh there are certain that have replaced the word with going back to the original and so too in and in some it says what what is the difference between K and pay attention is there AUD or is there no he or V what's the difference what's the difference between K and K there's no difference in pronunciation if there's no yud it means their creator why is it their H because you're talking about several celestial bodies you're talking about the sun and the moon and the stars but who is the creator is one so it's without a it means there or let's say in theem Kem is um their creator with singular their creator with singular if it has a it means they creators one second how many creators are there how many creators are there so R Daniela R Professor danela who is aan Isel he's a Rob in and I mean he's a retired rabbi already but he was a great professor at Baran University for many years and specializing in the area of the development of minhag Israel he published eight volumes on the subject uh on minhag Israel and he put out a book in English about the lurgical changes in this and he has a chapter there about censorship and he uses as an example this business of Kem and he takes us back to the first and there I believe I mentioned this the beginning of the year last week where it says that's page out ofu from where there it says just took that but it's the same idea and then comes another page out of right out of page out ofu but the K gave the people the great in Europe trouble why because there was a medish that said on K that it reflected upon AB ainu that aad was so happy with AB ainu that he makes AR ainu a partner in the reason that the world was created and therefore arah ainu has shares in the stock market sense shares in the created world so kesa in the mid and that ISU which means it's least suggestive that there are more than one Creator there are creators and this already plays into Christian thought of the Trinity you know why are you telling us a story one God you also believe in the visibility of a we say it's a and it's yes you say it's and it's I mean what's the difference just the name changed that's all but the theological implication of the visibility of God it was very troubling so they took the and they replaced it with first of all the was thrown in there as a decoy that they changed the K and it became k k means God owns everything so he is the in singular he's the one who does meets out the and he owns everything fine and that's how we say it but the phrase K remained in two locations in the s that apparently was not problematic because the sensors didn't always come to sh Friday night to the Christians rather the the those who were going to snitch probably never came Friday night to daving so they never heard they never heard that in the we have like a after on Friday night so there is before we say it's a so so that's still there and as I mentioned last week inish it's also there in also the people who would come and check out on the Sid you know they didn't come early to DAV they were late comers so nishma we got away with it okay and so on it never was changed over there but three times a day there it was we're looking for trouble so was changed to so says the same concept hit with the word Kem so originally it was Kem without a UD and it meant the the celestial bodies there because it's more than one Celestial body K him Creator in singular so was without a but then some cyer him by accident put in a yud because they thought that's how it's supposed to be spelled that's all they thought the the last Cipher was a was a dum dummy you know he missed a yud you know like I'm going to do a favor and they realized there's going to be trouble here so they took the word out completely and put in the word konam and this is verifiable now in manuscripts it's not a conjecture and so on so if you take for example ex the r look at source number seven those after the page in Source number eight it says if you see the new moon in its in it's new moon so you're supposed to say this is what we call right so it says that's not now now why did I bring this if I have it on this page it's taken off the pro the the the Baran responsive literature who already used an updated corrected version of the rambam but the only thing is they only corrected it up until still point point they still made a mistake they printed conem with a yud in the original rambam the Kem does not have a yud in the printed rambam that many of us have it says konam Kon it has the the the the censored word K also in the rambam's the r has like a S at the end of and um he also has konam in the print which is the sensor version and why do I say that because I have a whole chapter in my book about that inadvertently found its way into the mishar of the RAM and we talked about this two or three weeks ago with regard to B is it which is it is it or is it t ashas crept into the prince of the RAM and this was not a censorship issue this was a movement from manuscript to typ setting in Europe how mistakes were made and and ashkanazi texts were spy text I'm sorry were corrupted in ashkanazi printing houses in European printing houses this is something I heard from the r sunra Professor 52 years ago in a lecture at Hebrew University and um and I took it and I employed it with the rambam and I discovered that there are numerous numerous examples of where inadvertently was printed in the Mish T of the so if um if you take a look at source number six so this is not something we didn't talk about under the so you know they're going to honor you to be the M kushan Okay so saffron was a m kushan more than once I'm sure that um I don't know how many people had the of being a m Kian I don't know people had the of being M for all their six children that's a tremendous without a doubt um ofstein also was for all his children but um the the uh the of M right before the ring is given so there's a b gin and then there's Source number six so right it's it's all right so then you give the to drink a little bit and the Min is that the kala gives the the mother of the kala gives the kala a little bit to drink that's done so that at the end of the you move the mother-in-law added a picture and the gives the his wife already to drink and the mother-in-law gets the picture that she's now out of the picture it's very very you know as they say bolate very very obvious that that's what happens okay M well guess what the rambam's version is that's his version madesh is yet when I have here a quote from um Source number five Source number five that's the way the r has it and that is correct that was the rambam's version in the manuscripts and that's why it was updated in the and that's how I have it on the page but if you look at source number six it says who is the I I mentioned this already four weeks ago who is the manot he's the nephew of Rutenberg he also unfortunately perished in a Pam of 1298 in in Germany what he does to the Mish of the rambam he updates it for ashkanazi consumption very similar to where mosha Isis the ramod does to he makes it asazi friendly so going through the thisi but you're an ashkanazi so you just want to make sure that you have it right in terms of your so the makes notes but we do it differently the great example is reading the Milla so the Rah writes that there's a Shu at night time and there's no at the m in the morning and the his own re and his uncle and he says but we repeat the in the morning so right away if you're studying and you're in ashkanazi you you you don't take assume that what the ram is saying is ashkanazi custom as well you always have to just drop down and take a peak sometimes you need reading glasses because it's very small print but but you can read it so what is the here in Source number six we we uh our custom is to finish the and then he has in parenthesis he write in Brackets he writes today it is customary why does the rush say who is the rush who is let's take a vote The Rush The Rush is the father of the one who's going to write the tourer who's the Forerunner of the forrun of the is actually uh based on the Prototype called the tour where for the first time all of is divided into four units there's agricultural but it also includes DS and then there's which isab and then there's anything you want to know about marriage divorce and everything else and and then there's civil law damages so that's really what the is all about there's nothing there about bet mikdash because this was put together in the Middle Ages and they weren't concerned with the laws of beta mikdash at the time so the um the tour raker writes this great compendium it's very encyclopedic in nature and he brings things down to the bottom line the Tas what's the great work that was written on the tour was rosf Caro's B today when you be you think of the hash on Burger's bars but uh right but be was the great work of rosf Karo and he rosf Caro wrote a digest of his own be Jose for balab for people like us all of us you know who really don't have time the patience and knowledge and and everything to go through the B Jose so he puts it on a silver platter and he calls the silver platter this the prepared table that's what he does the prepared table it's for simple simple tons like us so that's the but if you really want to go through go through the you would me give him a big must probably be insulted giving me what about the so was written on the T the t is the son of so were they so the answer is both how could that be both but they they were born in in in France and the rush was educated by the last of the authors of the to so the to our class Thor ASM the rush writes a book on the that smells like tovot it's the same topics the same style everything it it's printed in the back of the gamar but it's readily available to all the on Shas and it's there and you see that he's picking up from Toot and and dealing with it and so on he migrates to Toledo to Spain and he becomes a rabbi in Spain now we've had scenarios of people from different ethnic Origins serving as Rabin leaders right people who familiar with Rabbi mayor salic at the Spanish Portuguese synagogue in in Manhattan another thing but I always refer to theam the father of Rebecca Von who was also a thoroughbred y German Jew and he becomes the r of the spardy community of Amsterdam said that that's why he was the the these things happened there was a rabis Lian in in in Ocean Parkways the rabbi of the Syrian Sho and and and so on so so this happens sometimes the community doesn't have its own so they take borrow from some other uh Community a rabbi until they develop and cultivate their own the Syrian Jewish community in D New Jersey has a somebody who's from the halabi Syrian Jewish Community as their Rabbi so it happens you know it develops so here the the rush comes from uh France ashaz and he comes to Toledo and he starts deciding for the toan Jewish Community like aardi and he writes responsa like aardi so he really adjusts and accommodates his pis so now so he's he's like a hybrid he's he's ashkanazi when he talks about the explanations of gar and his when it comes to and he's the father of the tour so the tour has also he grew up as a hybrid so he has thisy idea and he's got the ashkanazi idea and that left rosf Karo to start sifting out and Mak it into a more Sardi type of book so then the rizes it for asazi people but so the rush rather he knows that in ashkan the end of the was comes to Spain he sees that it's done otherwise but apparently that ashkanazi Min of expanding the ending of the under the was was adopted by this spom as well so that's why the the rush writes today you know why he says today because yesterday in Toledo they didn't do it this way but now you know they've come around and and and they've adopted we've added but in the rambam's text as we see in Source number five was that's all it was yet we can go through old prints of the rambam that were printed in Europe and guess what it's printed which means they printed into the text of the ram da in this specific case somehow or another if I'm not mistaken I think the villara already had it right but there are earlier ramban prints that were impacted by all these printing changes from the in the 16th century when it moved from manuscript to print and it already has madesh it still has it it was changed from mes is to mades by the way what is it mean there are many pointed out the order is wrong it should be what comes first remember who who's on first right famous Maron who's on first what comes first what the kushan or the so I mean the is there but you don't need a for the k What is the by the way don't tell me it's a canopy what is the the anybody want to Define to me what the means entering into the common domain of husband and wife the common domain so in ashas you know what the common name was the room the room which played a role as if it was the new dile the new home of thean Kala and that's where as put two witnesses a lot of people don't even see this because after the you know and you go eat right right then of course the photographer how long do they have to stay in the so they different opinions on it you know who's the PO the photographer right phographer is the know he wants to get them out as soon as they can so some say you need nine minutes and some say four minutes and some say have two minutes but so you need have no and I always telli couples going anyway and run away from the crowd for a few minutes it is healthy is a very healthy component for the young couple very very healthy component so fine wres no don't do because it's gonna it's going to indicate that you've become and don't do it he makes a fight not to have have the go into if you do certainly not to have witnesses there so how can you have if there no Witnesses you're going to have two guys come and escort Thea to their new apartment or to some hotel room or wherever it is I mean you're not going to do that so there's a concept in in called an we're all Witnesses but everybody knows that they're going to go into a room and close the door you don't have to have formally two people to attest to that fact but ashkenazim didn't buy that necessarily and therefore we have the symbolic going into the private doile but with two witnesses outside and I always tell the two witness outside when the time is up just knock on the door and walk away they can stay in as long as they want they don't have to come out just let them know that the time's up and that's it they're on their own now fine and you have to also make sure that there are Kosher witness I can tell you that as a Madan it is more important to check out the adim than who's going to be M kadan and who's going to be the say I couldn't care less who says but but the have to be and and I heard this once from RAB Lao senior who once was uh um at at a wedding he did a wedding for the foreign minister of Israel AB Ian's son or daughter whatever and Ra was a you know high-profile Rabbi and ab iben invites a writer gri to be one of the witnesses under the man was not a shabas and and uh ravl realized that this is going to be a diplomatic crisis what do you do you the whole news media is going to know that RL disqualified a a a person who was very famous so RL goes over Kim gurri says listen you know tell ABA AB even tell ABA you don't want to thank you very much for the cover but you know if there's going to be a problem with this wedding and they're going to drag you into a b m b you don't need this headache just just bow out you know and that's it hold the that's a very nice cavod hold be one of the people to hold the four poles of the I'm telling you that's a great cavod that was really you bailed me out you saved me and I heard that story and guess what I had the same story later in life obviously and I had I used to ask the you know tell me about the ad who you would like if I don't know the ad I'm going to interrogate them anyway but just tell me who they yeah Shas so he asked one ofb he says once in a while I said what once a week once a month I mean what is what's what's so I finally get out of him that he's not 100% of sh shabas I told the most you know what you can hold the pole of the it worked it actually worked you know s you have to be careful of of who are the M when one of my sons got married so one of the adim was his rashash known R and everything and in front of his at the at the at the's table I saidat so all everybody laughed everybody thought was funny and ra played along with me he knew what I was doing it was an educational thing to teach the other guys he goes he's right you know you have to ask you have to ask so why do I say this because once you don't have to have the same ad at room can be another two people you want to honor two people to sign the two people will be under two people for but it has to be Kos so I asked the I asked you know and okay with black hats and everything I said shab okay and you're related to the you're related to the kala no no you related to each other no no no and then as an afterthought a guy says I two wives are sisters I said sh them your two wives are sisters say you know I can only use one of you you guys are brothers-in-law you're Apostle one of you aost I don't care who you know do but one of you is possible how can you do that what what you say in a CO you didn't know what which which gar did you learn I mean I mean what did you learn you didn't learn I I was I was really upset because had somebody pointed this out to me in the video afterwards because people have seen videos of weddings and said how could these two people be wedding they're first cousins how could they be the ADM and then you have to drag Thea back to the to the raban and do kadan again it's not you know it's not not simp it's a little sympathy as they say it's not a nice thing to do so you got to make sure you have to make sure that they're kosher and and even for the and and that's like very very important so you have here is the and the reason that we have a is a symbolic room so you have a roof you have four poles and the the color builds the walls you want seven walls so it doesn't fall down like by it fell down here she's going around seven times and building it up that's why you have the mother and the Mother-in-law help out with the going around you know so um Bes that so you're building up to she's building up the bu it there's a m in at the beginning so she's gonna keep up the B it so that's a symbolic we do but the is there and it's for the purpose of the under the that's where there's a but the K that can be done you know in Time Square me anywhere you know you don't need a house so why do we say so there were some who changed the version not a but a vet bet with but it's likein through the medium of kin then we can put up the so it's really and then but we say but it's a vet it's not a v it's not and kin and it it is through kin so why it doesn't have a because it has a hay before that so grammatically it loses the D and that's why when people would know so when they transcribed it they put a v very simple but it was really a bet with through K some say that the proof that that the fact that it's means that there's something of a before the and it's the Min of B of covering the kala that is for sure a something done before the now that's a Min that was done based on with regard to Rifka and Y that when she comes off the gal she covers so you see that before they're they're they're they're getting K before they're going to get married so she already covers her her face and her hair and so on and and that's done uh um as a Min as a type of gesture but some say it's not such a Min it's a it's that that's the real and those who think that that's the real which by the way is not the mainstream but never Le we're in the age where people want to fulfill their obligation to all the all the de so they insist that two witnesses will be there at the time of the bin I'm sure you have seen Rim who have looked for the two aim at the time of the bin to verify the status of the covering of the kala now was not he was not that there had to be two witnesses at theas at the B which meant that he did not accept the notion that the bin was really the but the really was the or better yet the was really the and that was way afterwards and there we did have two witnesses that was very important to have two a but to have two a by the that's I once heard from ra the great rash and the who once commented about the whole inclination to fulfill your obligations according to all of the views and sometimes they're even contradictories that's even a trick to do that he says it's it's it's a weakness in being decisive people who can't be decisive so they have to just be you know and okay there people think that the more sheas the marrier you know like but but then you can just go crazy you that you you have to take a stand on on certain views and and stick by it and that becomes your so you have here about I'm just going to just wrap it up with um perhaps just another um example Al of of this business of uh of the rambam andhas she's going to whip through yeah I wanted to say something about kishana so kishana as the rambam has the um the bra in Source number8 the it says if you see the new moon when it's new moon when does the new moon become a new moon after rodes right so at Shabbat before we have and the gab announces the mulad gab announces the mad when the new moon is going to be born the um most people don't pay attention to it it doesn't mean anything to us right on Wednesday there some people think that the moon only understands yish I have heard mads announced here in Israel everything is said in Hebrew or English for that matter in the sh but the m is in yish why because the grandfather used to say in the the is going to be the the moon doesn't understand any language you can say it whatever language you want and all you do ISB you get the M it's printed there every once a month fine so mad means when the first possibility of the appearance of the new moon so in theory if the two witnesses would be out there waiting to see the new moon so they can report it immediately to the bin you have to know when the Moet is the custom is that we wait until at least after the third day ofes to say k because then you're absolutely sure it's the new moon you know if it's on rodes itself well maybe it's the day before you're not sure well today we are sure because we have calendars but um in the days of old when the calendar weren't so widespread so you could erroneously say Kish laana on the 29th or 30th day of the previous month and not on the 1 of the next month so people have accustomed themselves to wait three days and the capitalist waited seven days so and and then another minute kicked in you know want a good time to say right after Shabbat right why because people are it says in clearly in one of the sections in the sit lifted out of he says you have to say standing up because it's like receiving K's Presence by by doing K and and and after shabas you're you're in a good spirit for doing this and you have a minion coming out of sh you don't have to have a Minion for K Lana but it's nice if there's a minion so they'll delay it the only time it's not good to delay if it's in the winter months because maybe M of shabas it's going to be stun cloudy you're never going to see a moon okay so let's wait till Sunday Monday you know if the seventh of the month is Friday and it's the eighth of the month it's a gamble to to start waiting so I I prefer for sure the earlier Min not the non- cabalistic Min Min which is by the third and into the third and the month or really three days after the m so it can already be on the third because many times the m is like kind of a day before alive that's something else but I'm just going to queue you into a little personal thing people sometimes have a connection to a particular Mitzvah and I'm hooked on Kish laana I mean literally hooked on Kish Lana because of a personal incident that I have when I several years ago and I had a slip disc and I was wasn't able to walk properly for about 2 3 weeks and um the what what turned it around was I turned the corner from uh my house where there's a drugstore I had to pick up steroids and it takes me normally 3 minutes that's when I walk slowly to the drugstore and this took me 45 minutes to turn the corner every step was very painful and I turned the corner and I saw the moon and I hadn't said Kish laana yet that month took out my phone I said Kish laana and I realize what this is all about it's h it's renewal it gives you a shot in the arm that things have to be better and I was able to walk home properly not I mean still was difficult but I I I realized I've I've bottomed out I've bottomed out that was a was a GameChanger that Kish and I said I'm going to be the first one in Earth is well to say and that's why the rambam doesn't know from day seven nor day three the ramam says the minute you know it's the new moon so I have personally defied the Min and even on the first if I can say I snap a photo and I send it to my family shal shal you know it's first one in the world to say Kish laana I have a love affair with Kish laana I don't know why we were once driving in raote and you my wife can testify this and I hadn't said kishani yet for whatever reason um either because it was cloudy whatever driving down ROV Harry Truman in raon Al and I saw the moon I pulled over to the side jumped out of the car my wife thought it was an emergency I said it was I had to say Kish she thought I was out of my mind but but uh this is and that's why the only time I delay Kish by the way is when I'm in and I see the new moon because I know if I'm going to be back in ER after before the 15th of the month which is the last time zone to say I will prefer to say to say it and that that's the only time I'll delay it that's all okay next week for those who didn't have the announcement at the beginning next two weeks I will be in I will not say I will be back in right after and I'll be able to say here so there will be a p substitute be in the T tidbits who what when but in 3 weeks from today mem we will resume C