Non Jews, Jews and Mizvot - Noahides | Rabbi Anthony Manning

Thank you, Josh, and good morning to everybody. Um, it's great to see everybody here. It's exciting to be in a in a new series. I heard that Rabbi Shaw gave a wonderful share last week. Uh, I'm very happy that he was able to do that. Um, I will be here, please God, for the next three weeks. This week, next week, the week after, and then I will be away for three weeks because I go recruiting uh to America. I will be in Chicago for a few days. I will be in please God in Boston in the Boston area for a few days um and then in New Jersey in Manhattan and then in Philadelphia at the end. So there's a there's a lot of miles to cover but then I will be back you back with you after that. Please God and by that time we'll be in the run-up to Kaneka which is early this year. So not not wanting to push the year on too much. The shar uh this morning the Wednesday morning Bidrash is dedicated for this academic year Daniel bin David and Limb Aram Strauss mod and raisel of Mayor Marcus Lra who were the parents of Judah Marcus. Mashir is also sponsored Ilu Nishmas brandit and zelik Benalman al shalom. And also we also have a dedication that she should be afra um and we are into a new topic. So I'm very excited to be discussing this with you. I I get very excited when we be move back into bracious no because it feels like a new beginning a fresh start. We have not dealt with this topic before in this forum. Um and it goes to the root of what does it mean to be Jewish? Um in fact the question of rashi at the beginning of the kumsh is resounding through our minds through the whole of safe braces. Why is this here? Why are we reading this? Why aren't we just starting from mitzvah number one and move on from there? What is the purpose of this? We will be asking those questions today. Uh and we will be giving some answers. Perhaps the most foundational answer which is not Rash's answer. We'll see why in a minute. Isra before you can be a Jew, you have to be a mench. You have to be a human. You have to first know what it means to be a person, a a dignified and uh and um developed person. And only then can you receive the Torah. And in that light I'd like to start with Rabyakov Kameki. Rabyakov in the MS Yakov addresses this question and he says as follows number one. So the Abra hears that Lord has been kidnapped and he goes chasing after him to bring him home. If Abraham had asked Shilah, I don't know who he would have asked his shilas to maybe Shem a do I have an obligation to go and save Lot. He will for sure have been told no it's you're not you're not this is beyond the obligation that you have. You don't have to do that because you don't have to put yourself in mortal danger in order to rescue other people. That's not required. He wasn't the IDF. He wasn't the the army of the nation. He was a private individual. He doesn't have to go uh fighting against the greatest kings in the ancient world. So why did he do it if he wasn't obligated? Because the and the are called straight mention upright people. They didn't live their lives according to a strict the fifth that comes first. You have to know what it means to be a human being. Otherwise, your Torah will be based on no foundations. God created man to be a an upright and focused rational person. And all of the life of the which comes before the giving of the Torah they were they were directed motivated by this sense of yash and that's why he says before we get to we have to have the they live their lives according to this before the was even given and that's why it says later on in the in the leadup to the giving of the Torah where we see inbatim or rather this is where Moshe is receiving the Torah says to God I'm going to give you the the tablets the Torah and the Torah the hamitzvah and the mitzvah so what's the difference between Torah and mitzvah the bish are mitzvah. I know what mitzvah are. There are commandments. 613. What does it mean to which is not mitzvah? I'm going to give you Torah, i.e. the narratives in Torah, the hashkas of Torah, the basis, the foundations of Torah because these have to be written and given before mitzvah. Torah means instruction it's nice not just in terms of but a guide how to be a human being and then to be a Jew and we've given him in the past about even when the Torah is given there are still if you like metaic mitzvah that that appeal to this idea which is one of the 613. Don't forget that you always need to do the right thing. Even if the says something is technically permitted, maybe it's not the right thing to do. Even if something is technically allowed, maybe it's not appropriate, maybe it's not the right thing for you. And then he says in the third paragraph we know that Rashi starts with this question. Why do we start with braces? He should have started the Torah should have started with mitzvah and his answer is that we need to know the Jews that God gave is to us. It's not that the non-Jews are going to read this and they're going to see Rashi and they're going to say, "Oh, okay. So, now we know that the Jews are meant to be living in Israel." They don't they're not interested. It's it's it's us. The people that need to understand that the Jews should be living in Israel and not the non-Jews. It's the Jews. They're the one if they all understand it'll be fine. Okay? The Jews are the people we need to tell. God created the world. God created real he gave it to them then he gave it to them and then he gave it to us etc and says but that answer that Rashi gives only explains braces and Noah maybe it doesn't explain and all the stories what's that got to do with there it's Israel that's way beyond that so what are they for all the paras from No, it's not clear from Rash's answers why we would need all those. We we already know it's and therefore Rashi is not answering about those paras at all. What we've written, but I've got an answer like I said from these later stories. how a person needs to be in a straight way, an upright way, an honest way. And that doesn't just apply to Jews. That applies to the whole world, which is a segue into our all people, all human beings. This is expected of them. They don't have mitzvah. Okay, good. But to live a life of honesty and upright and uprightness. wrote. Anyone can do this if they just put their mind to it. And we'll talk about this as we go on. And therefore, it's important for us to know that that before we get to the Brit C9, which then becomes the Brits Oel Moed and the Brit Arav Moav and the Brit Hagreal, which is our personal Brit, there's first of all the Brit Noah and the Brit Avod. And the Brit Avod is the Brit Benabarim and the Brit Mah. And these all preede Torah. These all precede the giving of the Torah. And indeed on Rashash, it's interesting. Every Rash I think of this when we're reading in Rashash. So we appeal to God and say we're all bak remember Noah remember the you did to the one day of the year that we turn to Hashem and say we're all bak. And that's very important because all the paras of uh bracius are there to remind us that before Torah comes something else. And there we're going to talk about that today. We're going to talk about that next week and the week after. There's a lot to say. We could do this for a whole year. That would be too much. But I'd like to start off with a a fascinating med number two. It says, "I bring heaven and earth as my testimony." Says, "Bainy, whether you're a non-Jew, bane is whether you're a Jew. Bane is whether you're a man or bane is or a woman. Whether you're a slave or a female slave or you're free, doesn't make any difference. Everything is according to your actions. You will get the spirit of Hashem. Doesn't matter if you're a man, doesn't matter if you're a woman, a Jew, a non-Jew, a slave, a free person. God can connect with every human being. That's a very universalist statement. By the way, it is worth noting uh though I am not uh commonly uh one to quote the New Testament. Uh I would quote to you that if you were sitting there thinking I've heard that somewhere before other than the Midrash, you may have heard that in the letter of Paul to the Galatians in the New Testament where he writes and he says there is neither Jew nor Greek. There is neither bond nor free person. There is neither male nor female. You are all one in the eyes of God etc. No question that these two statements are related. How are they related? I don't know. Um the New Testament was written way before. But that doesn't mean that they're not based on early eurabinic traditions etc. Uh if you want to go away and research that you can. But these are these are not just similar. They're identical statements. one from the Jewish world and one from the Christian world who always paint themselves as the great universalists and us as the parochial chauvinistic uh almost racist. You see from Tamil Baleo that it's not so simple. We have a very strong universalist theme as well. Now let's go to page two. Why do I care about the Noahide laws? Why do I care about the non-Jewish world? Well, there are a many many many reasons for that. Why am I interested in this? Well, first of all, maybe I want to understand why there are 8 billion non-Jews in the world. I mean, they're obviously there for a very important reason and therefore I need to understand the purpose of all of these people. Um, maybe on a technical level, I need to understand my obligations of meaning I am not allowed to put a stumbling block before anybody in the gor explicitly includes a non-Jew as well in a mitzvah that they're obligated in. I have a hakic interest and we'll see some of the fascinating applications of this. I I need to know what non-Jews are obligated in before I can deal with them. We'll see later. Am I allowed to be an omelette chef or a lawyer? I mean, the two are not mutually exclusive. You can be a lawyer and an omelette chef, but we'll see why I picked those out. Um, why would you want to be a lawyer? He says, "Yeah, of course. Posh, you want your grandchildren to be omelette chefs, obviously." Fine. Um [laughter] >> um do I have an obligation to reach out to non-Jews? Do I have to do outreach? The labrei tried to convince his that not only do they need to reach out to the Jews, but they also need to reach out in in to the Ben. This is a message that they didn't really hear from him. They reach out to the Jews. Barashem amazingly, but there's a lot of work to be done with the Jews before you get to the non-Jews. But the Rebi in principle wanted that to be part of their mission as well. And I've brought you some uh Erit Israel. By the way, also we'll get to Erit Israel. There's a lot of questions. Are we allowed to have different kinds of Jewish non-Jewish religions in Erit Israel? Do we have an obligation to enforce the chev mitzvah in some way? If we can, we'll see how that works soon. And I brought you a little bit of introduction of people were very focused on this in the 1980s. Um and then later on this was picked up as I say by the Reb and other people. There are various uh different documents signed between the Drews and the Jews and Kabad etc. You can read it and I brought you lots of links and I checked the links so they were all up to date and you can go online and you can read read all about it as they say. Now let's talk about Noakites. I don't know if you know any Noahites. There are quite a few living in America and other places. But is that real? Is that is there such a thing as a no aide today? So we'll see. It's not so it's not so clear. Most people say yes. There's the minority opinion that says no. So the first view in the Gmorra we're going to see is is the minority opinion. Number three Ysef God stood and measured up the world. He saw the goim and he freed the non-Jews. He exempted the non-Jews. They're mut. What does that refer to? Says the Gomorrah Mara. What did God see mitzvah? He saw that there were seven mitzvah of the that they'd accepted upon themselves the loan but they were not interested in keeping. And this by the way is maybe the background to the to the medish that says, you know, God offered the Torah to to this group and to that group and to this group and and the things that they said they wouldn't do. Oh, we can't stop murdering. We can't stop stealing. These are all chev mitzvah. These are not just you know we can't wear you know we can't avoid wearing shhatlas sorry it's too much for us he said we can't stop murdering people so the god saw this okay so there's no point and he said okay you're all off you're all free we're not interested the Jews are the news and the non-Jews are history um and there is an idea which we see number four and therefore Torah is just for us there's no Torah for non-Jews we're not allowed to teach Torah for non-Jews that's a topic in itself. By the way, there's another Gmorra in Sanhedrin that says a non-Jew who learns Torah is like a coen gadal. And to to to bring those together and to explain them is not our topic for today. This is a very relevant question. If you're running a yeshiva, do you run a gay program in the yeshiva and have non-Jews in the yeshiva learning as part of their gay program? There are some institutions that will say no to the men because all they're doing all day is learning Gomorrah oral law and to the women will say yes because it's not really learning oral law in that kind of way. Maybe there are different kinds of Torah but for our purposes uh the toas picked this up in number five and they ask the following question top of page three. So says the following typically don't we know in addition to this isn't a non-Jew who learns Torah liable to the death penalty that's pretty serious we see this in Sanin and if you teach them Torah you're doing and if you're doing obviously that's you you're not allowed to teach them. Ah he says to but of course mitzvah there's always the mitzvah who their mitzvah so obviously they they can learn those he brings a view in the sh here which is it's even a mitzvah for us to go out and teach those seven mitzvah to the non-Jews where do we know that from interesting look at his we derive it from this that man should do these things says says the Torah man lives by them says the cohen he doesn't say cohen lives by them or ley or even Israel lives by them mankind lives by Torah so you see there is a Torah for non-Jews I do think there are noites and we see it from this pekk more about that pos later later on but there's another view and then another view which is a tophus which is printed there on the daff in uh in The anakov number six says no. The answer is why if you teach non-Jews because they only had seven mitzvah before the Torah was given but once the Torah was given as we saw in this God released them and we learn from this mitzvah and you're not even allowed to teach them the mitzvah. So two opinions. So I say there's a majority opinion that they do still have seven mitzvah and there are noites and there's a minority opinion that they do not and there's no such thing. Uh and most can go with the majority opinion. We'll see how that works out. What about the world to come? A lot of my students are very concerned and interested in this. A lot of my students have non-Jewish relatives of different kinds. Certainly a lot of non-Jewish friends. And they want to know, you know, do these people have my grandma that passed away? whatever the person would say she wasn't Jewish. Does she does she go to the next world? Even though I have no way of speaking on behalf of who is and who isn't in the next world. In principle, the answer is yes, probably. Okay, we'll see. Number seven says the gared the Mishna when he's talking about three kings, Jewish kings and four regular people do not have any place in Habim. Who are theim Aav and Manasha? Okay, we're not dealing with that. Arabot, who are the four regular folk who don't get to the next world? Bam, do ael and gazi. So again, the last three are all Jews, but Bam is a Mahadrin nonju. By the way, I asked based upon a Madrid nonju. One of my rebellium, Rabbi Brava was many years ago told me he should live and be well. uh he was in Matasdorf where he lives there and they needed a shabascoy. They needed someone to turn on the lights. So someone said, "Oh, there's one down the road. We'll get him in and he'll turn on the lights." So he came in to turn on the lights. And Rabbi Bravener said, "Stop. How do I know that you're a non-Jew? We live in Israel. I mean, maybe you're a Jew. I'm not going to let you." He says, "No, Rabbi, I have a card." And he whipped out a card. He has a ha has a tuda. He's a mahadin non-Jew. Mahadin Mahadin. Okay. the adheredists have confirmed. So, so there are card carrying non-Jews in the country and but it's you laugh but in in you know that there's you know if you're stuck sometimes on Shabas there's a non-Jew living down the road in this country it's it's not hard to find a it's not easy to find a nonju down the road okay fine bam so but bam bam's an extreme case look at number eight says the gummory sorry who so So uh so so the it's bam is not coming to the world to come but that implies that the other non-Jews if you're not a bam also they are coming to the world to come who is this this teaching going like who is this Mishna going like this this is the tan because we have says that the wicked people will go down to hell and all the non-Jews who forget God. So what does that mean? So the first opinion is that the wicked will go to hell is these are the Jewish wicked and all the non-Jews who do not know God. This is the non-Jews meaning they're all going to sha. There's no there's no distinction. And by the way, the word pochegoy was put in by the census because they didn't want us to have a a suggestion that all the non even an opinion that we don't follow necessarily that there's even an opinion that all non-Jews are not going to habu Yeshua. Why do we always get a call at this point in the year? It seems to be a regular occurrence. >> He's going to get into this is yes. This is Bam on the phone. [laughter] Okay, let's hope not. Okay, so Rabbi Yeshua says to him, "No, it doesn't say all Jews go to all non-Jews go to Sha." It says a subset. Those who have forgotten God, they are the ones who go to Sha. But this pos is all talking about non-Jews, not talking about Jews. That the the wicked will go down to sha who are these wicked. Those non-Jews who do not know God. But the other non-Jews who do know God, says Rab Yeshua, they absolutely can have a place in the world to come. And therefore, that Mishna that we saw in number seven, Pascals like Rab Yeshua, that bam, he's lost it. But the others, it seems, can have it. And this is where I take you to a beautiful parish of the Tiferis Israel. It is this is a milliondoll parish. Look at number nine. Really the real funds coming in number 11, but we'll start with number nine. The Israel when it says all Jews, Jews are going to hab. But also theim the righteous really doesn't mean righteous the pious maybe amongst the non-Jews it's they're also against the and even if only you're only a mediocre non-Jew you still have a place in Haba I mean you don't have to be Oscar Schindler to be one of the greatest non-Jews who saved lives whoever even a regular Joe Schmo maybe not Joe Schmo John Smith down the road who gives also the lights in bum meaning as long as you're not a bum then you're probably okay that's a lot of people out there okay there's plenty bumams as well we know but most non-Jewish people are for sure not like that and therefore says the Israel Haba is going to be a busier place than you imagined okay there's going to be a lot of people there your neighbors and your non-Jewish friends and the people from the country club and and it's going to be it's going to be a very it's going to be labored there why Why is that? Number said, "How fortunate, how beloved is mankind, humans, Adam, they were made that they have a godly nature to them." Obviously, not physical salim, but a godly nature. But but you see, we're even luckier as Jews. Why? Not because we have more of anim because we've been told that we have aim meaning they don't necessarily know it. We've all got aim but we also have a revelation and a discussion and a shir on Wednesday morning in the U Israel center which they don't come to. I mean there may be some non-Jews here. By the way, I once gave a shir in in Perdu University in Indiana and they managed to get the shear accredited for the divinities department for the for the undergraduate course. So they said more people will probably come if they can get credits for the for the course. So I came to the sh there were about 140 people there. The sh was about how did the Jews retain their Jewish identity. It was like an outreach kind of There were 138 Chinese East Asian Filipino English. Okay. And there were two Jews at the back looking like passive aggressive, you know, why do I why do I have to be here? So that was my sh the whole night like how did the Jews keep their Jewish identity? So fine but but we've been told that we're and here in chimes the in this beautiful piece in number 11 because we pass and as he said not just but anyone who's not aim and even if had not told me that non-Jews go to the world to come I would have worked it out for myself. How can it be? He says that there are non that no Jew non-Jews go to Haba. Of course, if you're more of a cabalist, then you say, well, you have to have certain hardware to get into and there's different kind of namas. He's not getting into that. God is honest and just and we see with our ownes many how many of their pious non-Jewish people aside from the fact that many of them are deeply religious they recognize God as the creator and they even believe in Torah there are any number of evangelicals and others who will say yes the Jewish people were the chosen people are the chosen people receive the Torah elohit that it's divine Yes, of course. And they do kindness not just to the Jews, but to to the non-Jews, but to the Jews as well. But not only this, look how many non-Jews have changed the world for an unbelievably inably positive way. Who if you could list your top three or four non-Jewish heroes of history as to who are the for sure they have the top space in Haba, who would they be? Look who he lists. Yenna, Edward Jenner. What did Enbu Jenna do? Shahimi. And there you have a beautiful 16letter Hebrew word. See if you can work this one out. Which is he invented the vaccine against smallpox. Look at what he did through that vaccine. How many hundreds of thousands of have non of people human beings been saved? Jews, non-Jews, both from illness, from death and from disfiguration. What a sadic that man is the Drake. Here come the English. Sir Francis Drake. What did Sir Francis Drake do? Shahibi hakarul Europa potatoes. >> And okay, he's not talking about tobacco right now, but potatoes, >> right? It is. But look at what he says because so many people used to die from famine and potatoes. This was before the great potato famine by the way. The Ir was before the Irish. Okay, they don't learn this ferris Israel. They don't have it in their mission, the Irish. Um but uh but the the potato has saved so many lives. He says what an amazing thing. The Gutenberg, the Goodenberg Bible, James Atos, he invented the printing press. These are his big three, Jenna, Drake, and Goodenberg. And many of these great non-Jews never got any thanks for it in this world. Like Johannes, who's he put his life on the line? There was a an episode in the early 16th century where the Johannes Peporn or Ppheorn uh who was a Jewish apostate who became a Christian accused the the Jews of slander against Christianity wanted to get the the Holy Roman Emperor I think Maxmillian I think it was to burn all the shassin to burn all the books like they did in France all those years before and Roylin a non-Jew defended defended Judaism defended the Talmud said you can't do it and he was pillaried for it who he didn't need to do that. Can you think for a second that all these amazing things will not be paid in interesting to then he finishes here number four God doesn't hold back from any reward for anyone who deserves it. And if you want to tell me okay these are the great mitzvah. Okay, they kept all the design mitzvah whatever. Okay, they're not a gerv. We'll see in a minute what's that because they didn't formally accept being ach. We'll see what that is in just a minute. Never mind. He says apart from the fact that we don't even have to today only during the jubilee and we'll see what that means in a minute. As long as the non-Jew doesn't do like it's a very low bar he says you're not a bum you're not an asav you're good to go very interesting source worth having in your pocket when you need it okay fine what is this gto what's going on what are the categories of non-Jew in the world we need to understand this says the ritford there are three number 12 gimalin there are three descriptions for non-Jews. Gertoshav, Ben Noah, and Kouti. Ki is also a a sensor word just said originally. Okay. So you have gertovak and a regular nonjew. So who are they? Says based in Israel, a non-Jew who goes to a bin, a Jewish bin and accepts formally under oath. They are going to accept the mitzvah. These are the people who were allowed to have living init that's why they're called I don't think he's talking about Spain he's talking about Israel the based they are they are doing mitzvah as a they get that and we have to support them and give them and and and and preserve them Fine. Then there's a regular he didn't go to a bin or she didn't go to a bin, but they they just keep them because they feel it's a good idea to be a moral person. They are a they're just volunteering, but that's also a mitzvah. They get maybe less, but that's also a mitzvah. Just one second. They get a And finally, there's a regular nonjew mitzvah. They're not bothered. They just live a life and they don't care about mitzvah. Yes. Question. >> When Abraham converted people, how would you describe? >> Okay, good. So, Abraham's conversion process was for the regular Chevitz. We'll talk about that next week when we talk about him as a kir of worker. Um the the idea of a gerav is only after mutton tora. That's a status that the Torah gives. Arau is just Jews and or the family protojews meaning Abra wasn't Jewish either by hakic standards. He was he was Jewish. Yeah. He was kind of protojewish but he he wasn't non-Jewish either. There was there was there was the family, >> right? He was the family and there was outside the family. So they he were just encouraging them to be regular ban Noah like we saw with because they had a brick >> Noah. >> Ah so that's a good question. The big question on Abrainu is what happened to his Kira outfit his big organization all these people the seem to all kind of fritter away and and by the time there are different theories on that one was that brisma put them off. You know, it's one thing when we eat kougal, we we have a fbrangan, we sing songs, but now you're telling me I've got to do things to my body that I'm not doing. I'm not in for that. Okay. Other views say, "No, they came back for yeak." But with that, we'll talk about more next time. So, the ritz says you've got three levels. Gosh who accepts in a bin. We'll see the Rambam says this. A regular non-Jew who keeps mitzvah but he doesn't accept in a bin keeps mitzvah and they are. And then a non-Jew who doesn't care. And the Rambam takes the view which many posim take which is that there's no such thing as a gytochev today. Yes. >> Is there a bin that actually >> I don't think so for a Okay. So today we don't have a gertov a regular nonju who wants to be an oai doesn't have to go to a bin. Only a gish ktov according to this. We'll see soon there are opinions that the gertochev does not have to go to a bin. But according to what we've seen if you go out to Kentucky today to preach to the noekides they don't have to come to a bin. You can teach them chev mitzvah and they live a life. They're probably living a life of sh mitzvah pretty much anyway. Uh and therefore they don't have that much extra to do. But look at the ram. Let's quickly look at some of these rambos. Moshe only gave terra to the Jews. It's for us. Anyone wants to be a gedc. You want to be a gedc. Anyone can be a geredic. We're an open house for that. come and be Jewish if you want. And once you're a G, you're just like every other Jew. By the way, this is a Rambamita because he holds that once a G becomes a a Jew. There's no difference at all spiritually between a a convert and a born Jew. Famously, the Kusari argued with that. The Kusari said, "No, someone who's born Jewish has a certain what we would call maybe today a pinsily. the certain the the the the divine substance if you like that's uh that you can never get unless you've been born Jewish. The Ram was very against that. This is a big mus. It goes all the way through to to today how we look at the Jewish non-Jewish world. That's another sh not for now. Fine. But if you don't want to be Jewish, you don't have to be Jewish. As they say, it's in the Ramb. No one says you have to be Jewish. But you do have to be non-Jewish. And according to the Rambam, there was at least at a time at a time when we enforced if you want to be a non-Jew. And this is init Israel. Obviously, we we don't have any right to enforce anything in Spain, in in Europe, in America, whatever. But if you want to live in Erit Israel, we're going to make you accept the non the ministers and you have to be aware that it's a capital offense. And this person is called avherites and like we saw in the it's a formal process. You have to go to the basin. You have to be accepted. You have to declare it. I am avas. >> Well, so first of all, bum may be in love and you can associate the it's good. It's a good question. What's with Haman? What's with what's with Neza? Good question. Interesting. Maybe they I don't know. I don't want to guess. I don't know the answer to that. But maybe Bam was the worst of the worst of the worst of the worst. Okay, fine. So the Rambam says once we have over Eric Israel, then it's different. And this will raise questions that we're going to look at in a minute, which is what's what's with us today? Does this apply today? Do we have the ability maybe the obligation to insist that the non-Jews around us in Israel keeps and what what does that mean to insist to enforce? We're going to talk a little bit about that. So look at number 14 for now. When the Jews are in charge, we're not allowed to allow any idolattors to live in. That's not allowed. If you want to be an idoltor, you've got to leave. And that of course raises the question, what is avodora? What is idolatry? Is Islam for sure is not idolatry? But Christianity, the Rambam held is idolatry. Certainly trinitarian Christianity. So the question is, what would the Rambam say about the Church of the Holy Sephila and all of the Christian sites in the land and indeed Rav Herdzog, we'll get to this in a minute. When Rav Herdzog became the first chief rabbi of the state of Israel, he wrote a long chuva as to why we are allowed maybe even required to permit Christian worship in Erit Israel notwithstanding this question that the Rambam has raised. Fine. So we're not allowed to allow idolattors here even if they just want to live here for temporarily or even or just pass through as a trader. We are not allowed to allow idolattors through they have to at least be basic mitzvah people. Okay. They can't live here at all. But if they really want to be here and accept, you can be. But then he says no. But we don't have only when there's I'll come to you in a second. The yo only applies when all the tribes of Israel, Ruven, Yehuda, Le, not Ley, they didn't have land, but Shimon, etc. when they're all living in their tribal lands. It does not apply today. And therefore, the according to the Raman, there is no status of Gosh today. This doesn't apply. You can't go to a basin and be a a bahadin gear. Yes, sir. >> Not allowed. But is there any enforcement uh against? >> Well, the Rambam would say so. Yes, we we we have the upper hand init Israel. Idolatry is anathema to our to the land of Israel. We have to get rid of it. How you get rid of it? How you enforce it? Okay, that's a good question. You know, we don't we don't tend to go around raping and paging. God forbid raping ever. We never did, but we still we we don't go down just burning things down, but there's going to be an enforcement. You know, you want to live here. Even in the time of Yeshua, remember the Yeshua um according to the Medish sent the non-Jews there options. He says, "You want to live here, you can live here. You have to keep Chev mitzvah. You don't want to do that. You can leave. No, no one's going to interfere with you. But if you insist on staying here and not keeping Chev mitzvah, then I'm afraid we're going to have to fight it out and there's going to be a war. But it's your choice." So again, we don't do things today like we did them in the time of Yeshua Bin Nun and Ra Herzog. I'm not giving that sh right now. How we deal with non-Jewish minorities in the land of Israel is a whole Shia which is not today. So please don't draw any conclusions from that. I would actually like to give that share. It's very relevant. It's relevant to who you led into the coalition. Apart from anything else apart from the politics as to whether you think this or that one should or shouldn't be in the coalition. There's some very important haki questions. But in principle there's an idea of being agit saysam. It doesn't apply today at all. Others by the way disagree. You should know based on tophus and other opinions, Rafkuk held very strongly that there is such a thing as a geratoshaf today and that the non-Jews living in Erit Israel can have a din of geratosha and you don't have to be during the yovil period and you don't have to go to a basin and accept there's different views in what makes up a gerto and then you have an interesting question. So Christianity on the one hand wants to keep probably more of the seven mitzvah. They're certainly not trying to to uh kill the Jewish inhabitants of the land of Israel in the same way as other people are, but they have this questionable idolatrous nature of the Trinity. And how does that work? On the other hand, Islam has a very clear monotheistic approach to life. There's no question about that. But there's other things which are not working well with Islam. Okay. Um and therefore, who is who is it's a bit sort of crude to say this. Who is a better gay? a Christian who has le more of a question of idolatry or a Muslim who has more of a question on other things that's not today but it is very relevant however the Rambam said but I will give you one other category meaning who is there a ghetto sha says that doesn't apply today okay debate there's an idoltor okay that's we clear who an idoltor is but what if you're in the middle who could you be so look at number 16 on the top of page five >> I skipped 15 because I mentioned it you know this when the oval appears but thank you for keeping tabs on me. Okay, fine. Call mitzvah. Call mitzvah. Anyone says a rabma who accepts the seven mitzvah and is careful to do them. Okay, his bar is a little bit higher than the said as long as you're not we'll take you. He says no, you have to be actively trying to keep the mitzvah even if you're not ash. says, "Many, many non-Jews will be in the old world to come. But you have to accept the mitzvah and you have to do them." But here's my here's my caveat which is going to rule a lot of people out. You can only be forget about that doesn't apply. You can only beam if you keep these laws because you believe in God and you believe God gave the Torah and you believe that the Noahide laws predate the Sinai laws and they apply to you. But if you are a different religion that doesn't believe in that or if you're a secular Jew who is extremely non-Jew who's extremely moral and ethical, that doesn't count. But it counts for this. But if you keep these laws because you decided in a secular way natural law that they are the right thing to do then you're not av one of the pious of the non-Jewish world but you're a wise non-Jew. Now herein lies a very important gear question because according to one gear it says at the end and you're not even a wise person. You're a gornish according to the other gear is okay you're not but you're a because you're a moral ethical thinking person who by natural law keeps these things and therefore you can make your typography uh typology rather of uh of the the different levels of non-Jew etc. And it say it sounds like we're passing this way by the way that they have the Noahide laws. I brought you a which we'll come back to in a second. He says very practical question. You have a cat, you have a dog, you want to have it neuted. Okay. Are you allowed to go to a non-Jew? He says no. You can't go to a non-Jew and say, "Please neuter my certainly not male dog. I'm not getting into female animals right now. Why not? You're not allowed to do it. You're not allowed says do it. Okay. But if the non buys one and does it himself, okay, then you can buy later. Fine. And you're allowed to sell animals to non-Jews even though you think they're almost certainly going to castrate them, says the but some people say, "No, you're not. Why not? I'm not doing it. He's not Jewish. He's not allowed to castrate an animal. And I have a of I'm not allowed to encourage him to do something he or she is not allowed to do. So it sounds from this certainly from the remark that we do think that Noakites have a uh hackic obligations. Um and we definitely pasan that way. Where do we see this in the Torah? So, I'm not going to go through every source on on page five and six, but I'll just mention some of them. Where do we see that God requires things of the non-Jewish world all over the place, God blesses uh mankind and he gives us a a mitzvah to subdue the world to to work the world and to and to uh and to be develop. And then he says we have to eat from all the trees in the world. The first mitzvah in the in the Torah is is that Adam and Kava have to eat from the trees in Ghanaden except for the eight sad. Okay. Also the idea that mankind should get marriedu that's all there in in in beforehand that that's part of the preci brit. By the way, I'll just throw in here it's not on the sheet the cabalistic source of may Iabi. He says that you can learn out all of the shev mitzvah bin Noah from the mitzvah on Adam not to eat from the tree of life. How? So he goes through them all and he says murder. How do you know murder? Because even to cut down a tree on a certain level is to take a life. Isn't that interesting? Okay. I mean it's a very interesting source. Obviously notically the same as other things, but even to cut down a tree, he says there is a a certain responsibility. It's alive. There's a famous story Rav Cook walking down the street I think with Rav Ariel Leavine and and Rav Ari Levine just pulls a leaf off a bush like while he's thinking of something else and Rav Cook says what are you doing pulling a leaf off a bush the leaf was alive the leaf has a malik the leaf has in it you everything is alive fine that's not for now but we see also over the page to page six cayenne is held responsible for murder it must be that murder is prohibited how is he meant to know it's clear he's meant to know either he was told or he's meant to understand um the uh the flood this week's para why the people of the flood criticized so much for the lack of social justice to the extent the world has to be ended they obviously were oblig obligated again how where they didn't have a formal heni moment but there is a sense of obligation whether it comes through an explicit revelation or some kind of natural law it's taken uh as as written Noah after the flood in number 22 is given the brick Noah he's told he can't murder He's told he can't do. There is a a beautiful command at the end. Look at number 22 in the last P where God says to Noah, he who spills the blood of a person by a person his blood shall be spilled. It's like a beautiful kayastic kind of look at that and say no put the comma in a different place. If you spill the blood of a person inside a person, then that's called murder. Who is a person inside a person? An embryo. And then you get into the whole abortion discussion that non-Jewish people have maybe even a higher level of hakahi prohibition to perform an abortion than a Jewish doctor would to have an abortion because of this pos. But that again is a share on abortion which we've had before which we're not going to um look at now. Um later on number 23 let's look at this inside God's speaking to about I know what you're going to do says he says to you're going to tell your children you're going to tell your family you're going to keep on the this is where the idea of being on the comes from also the you are going to keep social justice fairness honesty etc etc but the people of Storm don't do stone was destroyed because of its lack of social justice. All of their other issues, the the sexual immorality, that was very bad, but that wasn't the wasn't the thing that actually destroyed the society. What destroyed them was their lack of social justice and cohesion. Again, the implication is there must be an obligation to do this. Avi is scared because he took someone else's wife. Where does it say you can't take someone else's wife? Again, the assumption is this has to be part of the the mitzvah bin Noah Dina, kidnapped, abused, raped. Uh, obviously something that they're not allowed to do. There must be a sense that they're not allowed to do that. The Torah is clear that the non-Jews were thrown out are being thrown out of the land because of their necromancy, because of their superstition, because of their different kinds of vodora. And therefore there are clearly uh in the Torah it's absolutely explicit that there is an expectation that non-Jews are obligated in many many different things. I brought you just on the top of page seven just look at this for a second and then we'll look at some in the last part of share some of the details. I brought you from Sephahayovim. Sepha Yovim is a pseudapigrial source. Uh I think it's that rather than apocryphal, but it's one of the books that didn't make it into. It's found we found it in the Dead Sea Scrolls as well. And it says as follows, number 27 in the 28th Jubilee, goes by 50-year periods. Um Noah started to command to his family all of the laws they had to keep. What did he tell them to do? What's on this list? Not your standard seven Noahide laws. Be be honest, fair interesting is the basic human dignity that is required of everybody. Not to curse God, but to bless God. Basic again, not one of the classic. Again, you wouldn't put that in your regular list. And to avoid all impropriety and and immorality and abuse, etc., etc. Because that's why the that's the last three certainly were why the flood came. So that's really an interesting list. The standard list in number 28 is the one we see in Kazal. And we know what the mitzvah are. I'll just list them quickly. There's a positive mitzvah to have dinim to enforce laws, a law not to take the god's name in vain, idolatry, prohibited sexual activity, murder and injury, theft, and eating flesh from a live animal. But these are not just seven. Elsewhere in the Gmorrah says there are 30 mitzvah. Elsewhere there the say for in source number 30 says no all of these are just categories people it's not seven no laws there are seven books if you like of no law and each of them has thousands and thousands and thousands meaning they have their own kilu halakic system and I've brought you in the last couple of pages some of the interesting questions if we are going to get ourselves into the question of do we have to write cif for non-Jews and they are By the way, there are sorim written like detailed sarim with footnotes and for non-Jews. When you actually get into the nitty-gritty, it's very very interesting. First of all, denim. Let's look in just in an overview in the last five or six minutes. Dim they have to have a court system. What does that mean? So some before say they have to have their own court system, develop their own laws and stick to them. Others say no, they have to have the Jewish law. They have to have mishp non-Jews should be learning. We should be teaching them. says there are more they should have a court which which enforces according to legal standards. Now that's going to be very interesting. If that's the hala, then it's inappropriate, maybe even prohibited for a non-Jewish court to have non-Jewish law because they have to have Jewish civil law in which case you're not allowed to be a lawyer, a Jewish lawyer or a non-Jewish lawyer because you're enforcing a system which is against the mitzvah's ben Noah and that's that's quite a ruling that you wouldn't be allowed to do that a vodora. So we've touched on a vodora. What are the laws of a vodora for non-Jews? So, they're not the same as the laws for Jews. One of the big questions is shu. Are they allowed to have um something alongside God that they associate with God or they use in order to get to God? For a Jew, that's absolutely not uh permitted. But for a non-Jew, maybe it is maybe they can go through this to get to that, to get to that, to get to that. And therefore, we have some very interesting questions to raise, which of course are relevant to us as well. for for a vodor in in our dealings. I have a friend in London who got the contract to put the marble flooring down in the local Hindu temple. Are you allowed to put the marble flooring down in the local Hindu temple? It's a very it's a very good contract to get. It's a lot of money. Okay. Uh Buddhism is Buddhism a vodara? They don't worship Buddha, but there's a kind of force they believe. And who do you ask? We talked about this before. Who do you ask whether it's a vodar? Do you ask the local person in the street? Is is this a vodor? What are you what are you doing here? They'll give you a very uh answer if Abdullah. You ask someone, you know, what does a muza do on the wall? A Jew and say, "Oh, muza protects the room." You know, okay, that sounds like a vodora to me. But they they don't mean that. So, you're asking the wrong question to the wrong person. You ask the theologian, some Hindu theologian, what does this get do on the on the on the mantle piece? They'll say, no, no, no one thinks that that really is a god. They just use that to focus on one god. Okay, so maybe it's not a vodora. We have to ask the right questions. We've talked about the shhatles, you know, the Hindu the the Indian hair shhatles. You just ask someone in the street what they're doing with the hair. They say I'm making a sacrifice. Oi, burn all the shles. But then you asked, you know, what do they really mean, etc., etc. Had a sh once, can you sleep in a Buddhist monastery? They were going to a a um conference and everybody was staying overnight in a Buddhist monastery. Is that allowed? Is that not allowed? So there are many other questions. Murder injury very important obviously uh what how do we define what are the laws of murder and injury for Jews for non-Jews as well. Is it the same? We talked a little bit about um about uh abortion. What about euthanasia? Is that the same for non-Jews as it is for Jews? Really interesting question. Very relevant question in society. Okay. So we don't live in a world where people shle anymore limbs off live animals. Hashem although how do you know when an animal is alive and when it's dead for a Jew it's easy it's dead ah it's twitching it's moving it's deadically it's dead for a non-Jew maybe it's not dead so maybe there's more than you think what about eggs well you all eat eggs although there's the cholesterol to worry about but there's there's eggs maybe good for you I'm not making this for the egg uh you know board Um, Jews are allowed to eat eggs because the Torah says you can eat eggs, kosher eggs if you shake the mother bird away. Okay, but eggs are maybe a it's something that came out of a live animal. Okay, I have a heter to eat kosher eggs. >> Okay, good. It's a good shila. Maybe a nonju doesn't have that heta. Maybe they're not allowed to eat eggs. Maybe they can eat kosher eggs, but maybe they can't eat traer eggs. So, can you be an omelette chef? That's a good question as to how you whether you could do that. Is that blasphemy? Which names of God are included? Theft, what does that apply to? Um, Arias, what are the differences between sexual prohibitions for Jews and non-Jews? Very interesting question. There are other issues as well about grafting trees. Are non-Jews allowed to to to to graft trees, to crossbreed animals, to be a fortune teller, you know, all of these kind of things. Um, there's a little bit at the end where maybe we'll do this next time, but I want to end with a story. I want to end with a story. I'd never told the story before in the Shia but it's it was a an amazing story and it relates to the para and to the shir many many years ago 25 years ago I was in London um and my son who was 6 years old asked me we were learning Sunday morning say parasa braces he says I don't understand that he said that kava ate from the fruit because she was tricked she was tricked by by by by by the snake so that's why she made that mistake but he says I don't understand why Adam ate from the fruit she just gives it for him for dinner and he eats it. Okay, he's a good husband. He doesn't ask questions. You know, the food's kosher, but like come on. Like, don't you ask where's this from? What are you doing? What's the story? He just ate it. So, I said, I don't know the answer to that question. Good question. About an hour later, I got a call on the telephone from a very senior who passed away a few years ago, but he said, "I got a call from his shamalpin will be coming to your house in half an hour. I said, "What does help from me? I'm not I don't d in his sh." He goes, "No, he'll come." Half an hour later, I looked out of the window. His arrived all the cars, all the, you know, the people that all piled out into my house. And Halban came to my house and he and he unfold folded a big plan, blueprints for a new building. He wanted to build and he wants a big check, I don't know, $20,000, $30,000. So, I I I had to disabuse him of the mistake that he made. I said, "Look, I don't know why you came to me. I'll give you three $200 or $300 on masa but it's not what you wanted. And he was very gracious. He says, "Okay, fine. I'll take whatever you give with with thanks." I said, "But now you're here. I have a question that my son asked me this morning." I said, "Why did Adam eat the fruit?" So he said, "Bring me a balator." So I brought him a balator. And I showed it to him and he said, "You see, look here." He says, Adam says to God, God says, "Why did you eat the fruit?" He says, "The woman you gave me, okay, that's not very grateful. We're fine. Minha. She gave me from the eights and I ate it. Says the Balator. What's an eights? It's a baseball bat. She gave it to me around the head from a baseball bat. She smacked me on the head with a piece of wood and I I What choice did I have? What choice did I have? I ate the fruit. So that's very interesting. So I said to him, "Yeah, but like he's on then you know it's you know he saides is not a law that applies to non-Jews is only a law for Jews. You should have been prepared to die rather than eat from the sadas." That's a very interesting question. So I that was for me that was worth it. I'm sorry he didn't get more money out of it but I I got I I got some insight and a great story. Uh but uh more to be thinking about. So next week we'll get to the Brit Avat lots to do. Have a great week.