Halachos regarding electricity on shabbos | Rabbi Anthony Manning | July 9th 2025

Good morning everybody. It's good to see everybody here. I'd like to thank uh our sponsors for today's shar. This sharim for the whole year academic year is sponsored Brandit and Zeli Ben. We have an additional sponsor for today's shar. Uh today's shar is sponsored by Harry and Linda Brookner in memory of Harry's late mother Bloomer Batim Dove Ala Shalom on the occasion of her yightite. Are the Brookers here? Ah excellent. Good. Yes. Fine. Excellent. But it makes sense. Uh thank you very much for the sponsorship. Should be an alien shama. Please God, we should learn some good Torah together. Now just a little bit of housekeeping. First of all, if I could ask you to turn off your phones, please that would be great. Second of all, um my understanding from the OU is that we will be ending the summer series three weeks from now. Uh so I will be giving today, please God, next week and the following week. So there's three more including today and then we break for the summer uh and we resume hopefully at the beginning of September uh which will start with a new series. So my plan I promised you some sharim on Shabbat on issues of Shabbat that we haven't dealt with before and some Shirim dealing with medical ethics. So, since we have three left this uh summer, we'll spend those three on Shabbat focus and then we'll start a new series, please God, in September dealing with the medical ethics issues. There's lots of new ones we haven't talked about. In fact, I was just counting up before. Uh we've managed, thank God, to do around 350 Shirim uh since this series uh started originally. A few of them we've revisited from time to time and updated, but we uh I try to find you new material. There's no shortage of hala. You could do 3,000 sharim and there'd still be hak issues to discuss, whether they'd be interesting to everybody to discuss. It's a good question. Uh but there you'll never run out of halaka. Uh today I wanted to look at an issue which we've never dealt with before and review some of the halakot in this area leading up to next week which I think will be much more cutting edge if you like. Next week I want to deal with the issue of timers and using timers on Shabbat and the parameters of how that works. And there's a lot of new issues there. But I want to get into that topic by talking about dishwashers. Now, I'm sure lots of people in this uh in this room have a dishwasher. Uh for many years living in Israel, we did not have a dishwasher in our family. My wife had what I call an ishwasher, which was me, okay? And I and I washed I washed the dishes and uh and beeped when needed. Um but Jewish people like it's a mitzvah and we do it thank God very well especially on Shabbat. But one of the uh the results of that mitzvah is piles and piles and piles of dishes in kitchens. And whilst I think that maybe a hundred years ago or so many people lived in houses where there was a maid living downstairs in a kitchen which was far out of sight, uh I'm sure that not many people here have that set up today. And therefore our kitchens are right in the middle of our house. Sometimes they're even open planned. So all the dishes and all the pots and all the pans can be seen and often can be smelt uh all all the way around the house. So how how do we deal with this on Shabbat? There are basically three ways of dealing with it. One is to wash them up yourself and we'll talk about that now. A second one is to have some kind of a home help which I want to revisit today. We've never really talked about amirum asking non-Jewish uh people, housekeepers, cleaners, etc. to do things for you on Shabbat. Many people have that. Uh and there are a lot of misconceptions about what you can and what you can't do. We'll talk about that. And another option which uh some people have suggested over the last few decades really is what about a dishwasher? Let's have a dishwasher on a timer. Stack up the dishes on Friday night. You know, have it go on at 3:00 in the morning. No one's going to hear it. Everybody's fast asleep. You wake up in the morning and hey presto, you've got a beautiful set of clean dishes ready to go for Shabbat lunch. So, we will look at that more next week. Well, a tiny little bit this week. But I this will open up all sorts of other issues which go way beyond that. Uh today people are much more into their morning coffee and they can't just have a uh you know an instant coffee. Uh forget about when it was only elites or or or bots or whatever people used to drink. Now it's not enough to even have a red mug or gold blend. You have to have your espresso machine all set up ready to in the morning to do its thing and you want to wake up to steaming beautiful hot coffee. Um what about that? How can can you do that? Can you set that up as well? We'll talk about that more next week. So, let's get into the to the details here. Interestingly, the Gomorrah actually addresses directly the problem of dirty dishes on Shabbat. Let's have a look at number one. The Gmorra starts as follows. Plates that you used for Friday night dinner. You can wash them is to use them for Shabas morning. Shakar is dishes. Plates that you used on Shabas morning. You can wash them up again to use them in the afternoon. But Shabas plates that used in the afternoon. You can use them for people to clearly have lots lots of different meals through the day. Clearly, but once it's shabas, it's really time and afterwards. You can't be washing any dishes. Why not? Because you're washing them for Shabas. Obviously, you're not going to use them again. That's very clear. Just look for a second at number three says because it's obvious that you're washing up those dishes to save time on on Saturday night that you can't do fine but during Shabbish you can back to number one in the second line but cups like ladles and things that you use little flasks jugs the post say things that you use a lot through Shabas constantly teacups uh cake plates forks, teaspoons, things like that that are constantly being used. You can wash those up. You can wash those dishes all the way through the day without any concern because there's no limit to how many cups of tea people like to have on Shabbat. I think as an Englishman, I relate to this. We know, by the way, we can tell if we've had English guests for Shabas because at the end of a regular Shabas without English guests, our Shabas N is like down a third. And with English guests, it's almost right at the very very bottom because they're just drinking tea the entire day long. Okay. So those kind of things you can wash all through Shabas. This is in fact not just a gam, but it's based on a Mishna even earlier. Number two, you can make the bed shabas on Friday night when you wake up in the morning on Shabas morning. You can make your bed and make your room nice because you're doing it for on Shabas afternoon. But you can't make your bed on shabas afternoon because you're only doing it for multi shabas. Now we'll see there are exceptions to these rules. But that's the basic parameters. The rambas this but he adds one word which throws everybody into a bit of a t. Have a look at number four says the rama um soil you're not you you are allowed sorry you're not allowed to wash plates and is like a pan because that's now where did he get that from usually is a mala is where you're fixing things which are broken fixing a watch that's broken fixing a chain that's broken that's in what way are you fixing plates by just washing them etc. So we're going to come back to that word. It's a word that he threw in there which has changed the parameters a little bit. So you can wash all that. You can't wash those things normally unless you're washing them for later that Shabbat like we saw in the but things that you use for cups of tea and such drinking. Basically, he passed exactly like the Gmorrah said. Plates and pans and things, no, unless you're using them later at Shabbat. But cups all the way through Shabbat. Yes, but he threw in this word of tikun. Now, many of them for immediately say, "No, no, no. Don't get excited. Tikun doesn't really mean what tikun normally means here. Look in number five. The magishna on the ram says the he also holds this principle. there. When the ram says here, it doesn't mean what we normally mean by tik. Tik normally means something technical. Uh you're you're fixing it up for in some way, which is a malika. No, no, no. He's just using the word here. He really is just talking about the same thing as everybody else of making use doing it on Shabas for preparation for which is called you're not allowed to pray for. But we'll see. Not everybody is going to agree with that. The riv adds in another criteria. Go over the page to page two says the on the problem here is not specifically preparing for the weekday but doing something which is a doing something which is annoying which is takes a long time which is an effort which is distracting does that mean that uh and many of the post can talk about this a a very small action for example the big question when you brush your teeth on on Shabas morning. Can you wash off your toothbrush before you put it back in the pot because you're only going to use it on mozzabas? Now, you might turn around and say, well, you know, how could I put a dirty toothbrush back? It just offends me on Shabas. Okay, fine. So, that's your answer. You you know, it's ruining your Shabas to have this sticky toothbrush there. But even if you say, "No, I'm I'm not that bothered." But is the act of just under under is that called a or is that just an act? Yeah. You cannot clear. Yeah, we'll get there. We'll get there. Wait, wait, wait. We'll get there. So, it could be before we even get to that point, which we're going to get to in a few minutes. Maybe it's only something which is a real ta now. Okay, washing all the dishes when everyone goes home on Friday night actually is quite a t um so it takes half an hour and it's a lot of work and I'm tired and I want to go to bed, but okay, I'm doing it for shabas morning. That's mut. But what about an action which is a very small action? Maybe it's not a problem. So, we'll see. In number seven, You can wash vessels for that day. You've got another left another that's why you're washing the dishes after you can't wash them like like we said before. Now the Mishna Brewer clarifies in number eight when we said sudashid there's nothing magic about shishid he said like that's the stam situation normally speaking people don't wash don't use their kaleim again after sudashid he said but of course if you know for a fact on shabas morning that you're not going to need this dish for the rest of shabas then of course you can't wash it and if you know for a fact after that you are going to need this dish on shabas of course you can wash it. So he said shalis is just the stam case. It's the usual presumption after sudashit most people don't start with busying with food. So he says but don't get too fixated on that. It really is just a question of facts. But then in number nine he throws in something that not all postkim agree with. Shir shabas agrees with it but not all postkim do but many do. Number nine he says as follows. When we say we can wash up uh plates for shabas he says ailu. Now he's talking about the cups. You can even wash 10 cups. Even if you only think you need one cup, you can wash them all up. Since every single cup could be the cup that you need that you want true then the says you can wash all of them. You don't have to be thinking to yourself, well, I don't know how many people are coming later. Maybe there are five people coming, so I'll wash five cups of No, no, no, no. Don't drive yourself crazy. You need cups. Wash all the cups that there are. any of any of them could be used for who okay so too you can you can make 10 beds how many people have you got staying for Shabas like you know a busy house okay you got you're running a little hotel there for for all the family but it's interesting some some of the post games say okay that's fine with cups because we just said that with cups you never know how many cups you're going to need people drink more and more what about plates and knives and forks many post games say no you can do this as well with them meaning let's say I have five people uh for uh lunch on Shabas morning. And on Friday night, I had 10 people and I got 10 dirty plates in the sink. I can wash 10 plates. Well, I'm already washing the five that I need for Shabas morning. So, maybe I'll need more. Maybe I'll use this one, not this one. Maybe I'll use that one, not that one. I don't have to be thinking already. Even when it comes to things beyond cups, many posts say that you have that heter you can uh you can wash more even though you think you only might need less. Obviously, if you know for a fact, it's not possible that I'm going to use this. No, but you don't often know for a fact. What about washing up dishes when you know you've got other clean ones in the cupboard? That's a very relevant issue. Let's say I have 20 plates and I use 10 on Friday night and I have 10 people on Shabba's lunch. So, can I just should I just leave the 10 dirty ones there and use 10 clean ones because I've got 10 more clean ones or can I wash up the dirty ones because I do need 10 plates and do I need to use the other ones? Maybe I don't need to use the other ones. And most actually say um not all all not everybody agrees and I brought you in the footnotes those who don't that yes even if you've got clean plates and and and knives and forks in the cupboard h if you're washing for shabas you can wash for shabas because at the end of the day I'm washing these plates for shabas I'm not washing them for so what that I have more clean stuff in the cupboard uh for whatever reason I don't want to use that I want to use these and many posts say that's okay as well again some say no no come on the only reason that you're using these is because you know you don't going to have to wash them up on Monster Shabas. But others say no, you could rely on that. Okay, fine. I think so far nothing too controversial, pretty straightforwards, just a short review. But then we get to your point. Yes. One more point. Yeah. Shabbat. Yes. Set of dishes. In other words, these are just Shabbat dishes. You wash them, put them away. Yes. For next, there is ah that's a very good point. There is one opinion that says when it says you can wash on Shabas for Shabas but not for weekday maybe that even means next Shabas are you allowed to prepare on this Shabas for next Shabas. So that's a very good point and there are a very few postkim who agree with that but not many you're one of them. Okay fine I I suggest you bounce that question off your your L and and see and see how that works. But I brought you uh I brought you on the sheet something about that as well. But now we get to your first point, which is, "Okay, Rabbi, I don't need these plates. I'm not having a big Shabas afternoon uh, you know, guest list." But they look at them. They're all over the place. My kitchen looks like a mess. They get smelly. They might attract flies, especially in the summer. I I don't like living with all these dirty plates here. So, I'm not really doing it for mozzabas. I'm doing it for Shabas. But does it help on mozzy shabas? Yeah, sure it helps on mozzy shabas as well. But I'm doing it for both. Maybe mainly for Shabas but maybe for both. So the says as follows number 10 he picks up your point when he says when we're talking so far about the okay when it says you can't make up the bed on Shabas morning shabas shabas from Shabas morning to to use at night time when you have a bedroom suite somewhere a long way away you know the bed you're not going to even go in the bedroom for the rest of Shabbas so why do you need to make the bed you're not even going to walk in there so what if It's a mess. Just shut the door and ignore it. And people are not going to go there all day long. But where we live, he lived in he was in a relatively modest house. I don't think he probably had a very big one. For us, a bedroom. I don't think he's living with, you know, mattresses in the middle of the living room. But he says the bedroom is just a bedroom off the house. Muna have a muna. If I don't clean things up, then it's like it's muna. It's like not nice. It's it's off-putting and it's dirty and it's messy and it interferes with I am going in and out of there. Then he says then you can make the bets because having a neat house on Shabas is an Shabas. That's part of your own shabas and it's part of your cover shabas. who wants, you know, to have a house that looks like a hurricane just went through it. And this is what everybody does. He says, everybody who is house proud, washes their dishes, washes, sets their beds. He's not talking about dishes. He's talking about beds, but it's the same thing. I give you I'll throw another bone in. And I'm going to go with this ram that put in the word. He says the problem is maken. Another said, no, he just means regular preparation. She goes, "No, makin is makin shalanu and with our beds loy mikram matakin meaning I don't know what the ramam's doing with his bed which is like fancy to the point that it's like maken but I'm not doing that with my bed. I'm just throwing a sheet over putting the pillow straight and whatever you think mataken is it's not this." So he throws in this other idea that if you are maybe we're talking about a higher level of fixing something up. Now I don't exactly know what this means when you wash a plate. I don't know if there's a like a platinum level washing plates and like regular level washing plates. Maybe it depends. Maybe there are certain types of dish uh you know preparation that's like really attacking scrubbing and I don't know. Uh for me I just know the regular way to wash dishes. You know they say the difference between men and women if men are not surrounded by is they all they both wash the dishes but women washes the dishes after they use them and men wash the dishes before they use them. That's that's that that that that's the difference between men and women. Certainly with students, but uh in that in in if that's the case, which I'm not sure it is, I'm very happy to be in the women's side of things. I like washing the dishes. You can ask my wife. Um of course, this this is relevant. This if it's going to be hot, it's going to be smelly, not just messy, etc., etc. What about just soaking the dishes? Okay, so I don't have to I don't have to wash them all. I could just soak them in water and then they'll be okay. Okay. So, again, that depends. If you if if having them soaking in water is also off-putting and messy, then then wash them. If soaking does the trick and that's all you need, then that's fine as well. What about uh things that are moxer? And that's actually quite commonly the case. For example, let's say you serve Friday night dinner and you use your pot, your soup pot that you cook the soup on. So, a soup pot. Now, if you have a nice uh what do they call those things? A chine. A chine. If you have a nice chine like my grandmother used to have then that's not a cooking pot that's you serve but I don't do anyone still use those anymore. I don't know anyone who uses those fancy fancy people. Yes. Okay. Fine. Okay. Fine. So I confess we bring the the soup pot. It's a nice aluminum pot. We bring it to the table. We serve it up. Fine. That soup pot is muka. Why is it muka? Because its primary purpose is a cooking pot. It's not primary purpose as a serving pot. So what is my to move it around? So when the soup's inside it then it's not muka because the pot is bottle is secondary to the soup and the soup is clearly not mukah the soup is for shabas but when the pot is empty sitting there on the side ready to be you know washed then it's muk okay good so so then the question is how can I move it and the answer is very straightforward the mukah designation of a cooking pot is a relatively low-level mukah it's the same as a pen it's it's it's a it's a cle that it's humanmade it's not like something like a rock or a leaf or an animal which has got no preparation at all in human terms. It's something which has been prepared. It's a clea. It's just a clea that I use for a prohibited purpose which I can't do on jabas for cooking. The dinner of a malaka is you're always allowed to move it in a normal way if either it's in the way or it's h you need to do something to it or use it for some permitted purpose. Classic example is you know I need uh I have no spoons uh to stir my tea. I need a pencil to stir my tea. I'm I wouldn't do that, but little pen or something like that. Then you could you you could do that because you're using it for itself. So the cooking pot is muka. Yeah, sure it's muka, but I'm allowed to move it because it's in the way. It's sitting on my table. I'm allowed to wash it because if I'm washing it up because I want the place to look tidy. I need to move it in order to to to wash it. I need it for itself a permissible purpose. Um and therefore, you'll be allowed to move it. Yes, sir. Like what? Well, then it's not moxer. You're using it as a it's bottled to the to the pots. By the way, the same as you had to with a dishwasher. We're going to get to the dishwasher in a minute. A lot of people like putting their dirty plates in the dishwasher. They basically use it as a cupboard. They're not going to use the dishwasher as a to run it on Shabas, but they're using it as a cupboard out of sight, out of mind. It's great. So, people stick their stuff in the dishwasher and then later on they, you know, they run it later on Shabas. But the their primary agenda is not for Monty Shabas. You can't put the the detergent in the dishwasher on Shabbas obviously because then everybody knows why you're doing that. But you just want the dishes out of the way. But one second, the dishwasher is also you can't open and close dishwashers on this mukah. The answer is the same answer. It's a it's a clean which is designed for a purpose that you can't use do on Shabas. And therefore your to move it is always if it's a in the way or b you need to use it for something permitted. So the dishwasher door is in the way cuz I need to get into the dishwasher. So, of course, I can open the door to get into the space of the dishwasher. So, now I put my dishes in. So, now the dishwasher door is sitting out in the middle of my kitchen floor. It's in the way. So, I can close it. It's on the And it's not a This not a radical heter. This is a straightforward hetera. You can always move that level of muka if it's in the way. Don't forget a lot of things are more muker than this. Like I said, a rock is much more muker on shabas than a pen because a rock has not been prepared in any way for shabas. It's just a raw material if you like. An animal is much more muka than a pen and something which is very valuable. Let's say a laptop computer is more muker than a pen because it has a certain different higher level moxer status and therefore you can't just move a laptop if it's in the way. I'm not getting into that now. Uh that's already beyond today's And therefore there will be many hatarium to to wash the dishes if they are uh smelly or dirty etc. if you don't want them around the house. And I just brought you at the top of page three before we get into the home help section of the year. Yes. Yes, you are. Yes, you are. Uh you you should be careful not to sort them. Meaning if you're one of those people, one of that likes to have all the knives in one rack and all the forks in one rack and all the spoons in one rack. So then that's bor that's a problem and and you might just have to forgo that certain kind of hakada on Shabas. Uh uh and you can sort things around if you need the room, but not to have them in different types. Yes. Keep your dishes. So that's a good question. There there is a post that says you can only put dishes into the dishwasher if that's what you normally do during the week. Normally on a Wednesday when you bring your dishes off the table, you put them in the dishwasher. So then you can say, "Well, that's what I'm doing on Shabas." But if if the only time you do that on Shabas is is because it's it's not a shabas then you're giving you're giving away. So there are post definitely that say that. So our problem in our house is that we only use the dishwasher for the shabas dishes. We don't use the dishwasher during the week. We we go back to the ishwasher during the week. Okay. So so what's going to be then? So I would have thought that it's it's a lot less ta to put the dishes in the dishwasher than to have to wash them all up. Meaning, if I'm going to either wash them, take half an hour washing them, or take five minutes just shoving them in the dishwasher, then even though I don't do that during the week because I don't use it at all during the week, I would have thought that's going to be right. So, top of page three, I brought you a few other hakic issues to be aware of. Regular sponges and cloths obviously everyone knows is not okay on Shabas. Uh, you used to get these uh scrubby things that didn't really work. Now, you can get these um Shabas friendly sponge things, which my I like showing these to people. My Shabba sponges have more on them than the food that I scrub with them. And I I just find this amazing. They've got like six. Look, this is Mahadrin Mahadin Mahadrin. And it's a good point. They don't retain water. You can use them. Uh and therefore, I would go with that. Solid soap is also asked on Shabas. I don't think anyone uses solid soap to wash dishes with. Uh liquid detergents can be used obviously. Then you have the question which again I'm not going to spend too much time on is how liquid is liquid and and okay something is not solid but if it's blobby or viscous in some way how do you deal with hil shabas without having to have a viscometer or whatever they call which you wouldn't be able to use on shabas anyway and ramoshi fee interestingly was very machmir on liquids people are always into raosh's kulas you know oh I'm going to drink you know khal stam because raosha fee he had a few as Well, uh, and one of them was on liquid detergents. He held that most liquid detergents that come out of the out of the what do you call it the bottle and not runny enough to be mut on Shabas and he wanted you to thin them down before Shabas and people do that. People do take their liquid soaps and make them even more liquidy or the liquid detergents. But he accepts that most postgim don't uh don't hold by that and they do use the liquid stuff. One of the tests that I've been told is a good test on Shabas is if you uh well do it before Shabas to check it out. If you pour the liquid on a surface and it kind of spreads out, then you know it's liquidy. If it sort of hangs together in a in a blob, then you know it's not. But most people use regular detergent. I use fairy liquid or whatever it's called on Shabas to wash the dishes. Yes. Friday night. Yes, she did. But which what kind of detergent did she use? Ah, so that's the question. No, no, for sure. Sure. Rub Mosh. She says she can wash the dishes Friday night. And that's interesting. We have a personal aid that the rubbers and feisty wash the dishes. I'd just be interested in what detergent she used because that's the that's the point here. Uh answers on a postcard, please. Yeah, they did. Sure they did. Okay. I'm young. Well, how did they wash the dishes in the 1950s? A blue and a cashier. Ah, a blue a blue soap and a red soap. Okay. Back in the day, people used to be into the castrous of the soaps because some people made soaps from uh animal fats as well. So you say I remember when you used to buy kosher soap in the in the in the store. Okay. Another point which I think is well known is using hot water. Using hot water from a regular boiler system is not allowed on Shabas is a different question. I'm not going there. Many boiler systems today are instant hot water. So that's how ours uses it is is at home, which is even more of a problem because then when you lift up the tap, you may not hear it, but it starts up the the the boiler and it starts the whole system, which is a big problem. But even if it's not instant, the way a regular boiler system works is in the old fashioned boilers, you have an electric or a gas boiler or an immersion boiler. So you open up the the hot tap and hot water comes out, which has been preheated. That that water is not a problem because that was heated before Shabas. But then cold water runs in. Obviously there's a system they have it has to refill as it empties otherwise the whole thing's going to explode. Uh it refills with cold water. That cold water goes into your immersion system. And that really is bishel on shabas because everyone agrees the gammor is quite clear. Bishel is not just something you're going to eat. It's even relevant to dyes or or uh other kind of non-edible things. In fact bishul in the in the original mishkan. We learn cooking the malika of cooking in the mishkan from the dyes that they made in order to dye the curtains. Well, they didn't have any food cooking when they were creating the Mishkan. Uh they had bread when they were running the Mishkan, but they didn't have any food cooking, preparing the Mishkan. Uh and therefore, it definitely would apply. And your cold water is in a hot water boiler being heated up in a clearish sometimes with a with a flame on. That's mamish on Shabba. So, you can't use a hot water tap from a regular uh system. However, in Israel, you'll all be thinking we use a duchamesh system. And indeed that's what we have during the summer when it's sunny. We use it from a duchmesh. Can you use your hot water from a duchmesh uh or not? And that's a whole she which I'm not getting into. Most postkim say no except if somebody is uh sick. Let's say somebody needs to take a shower because they're not well they have a fever or to bath small children maybe yes. But for the regular dishes most say no. Other possum say yes. Saying this water is heated by the sun. It's not a to use and therefore you're allowed to use it. The postkim who want to say it's not heated by the sun it's told she it's heated by something which is itself heated by the sun and that's usually an isabon unless there's a and obviously washing your dishes is not for a sick person and therefore most postkin will say no but I do know that some say yes a couple of other little things uh sink little sink drain things in the bottom of the sink that catch all the garbage before you can certainly use those on shabas you're going to say well it's bo you're separating no no you're not you're separating garbage from garbage Nothing is going to be used at the end of it. You're not using the stuff that got left in the thing for any purpose. You're throwing it straight away. And you're not using the water in the sink that's been separated, the garbage out for anything. You're throwing that straight away. Everything is going down the plug hole. Uh therefore, fine. Uh and I mentioned the dishwasher as well. That's fine. Okay, good. Let's say that you're going up in the world a little bit and you say, you know something, I'm not doing any menial tasks on Shabas. We have a lady that comes in to help or a gentleman, let's not be sexist, someone that comes in uh a housekeeper washes our dishes for us on Shabas. What about that? That sounds like a great way of doing things. And even though I don't see that so much in Israel, I see it all the time init forget about South Africa where nobody knows what washing dishes really means at all. Uh but even in even in America um there's a usually when I go to someone on Shabas there's a there's a home help there's a housekeeper that comes in and she does stuff and she does this and she puts this away and magically the house is all beautiful you know as you go through Shabas and often these people are entertaining many many many people. Okay. We also entertain a lot of people. We don't usually have a a housemmaid but a lot a lot of those people do. Carers. Yeah. A lot of carers. We'll get to carers in a minute because people have carers not to wash the dishes specifically or they might also do that. But they have carers to look after people who are usually by definition people who are sick. People who are people who are well don't need carers and and therefore the problems just melt away there because you know you're everything you're doing is for a person who is a okay maybe not dangerously sick hopefully but therefore sure you can ask a nonju to do anything you like for the but for the dishes is is different. might um do a bit of extra stuff. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. The sick person doesn't eat. They just want Yeah. Fine. So, we'll talk about that now. So, let's have a let's have a look at that. Asking and this is very good because it comes up in many many situations. One of the challenges of living in Israel, there are there are way more benefits than challenges, but one of the challenges of living in Israel is that when you really need a non-Jew on Shabas to help you out, it's really hard to find one. It was hard enough in Henden when we used to live in Henden when I used to have to occasionally find people to come and do stuff in the Shaw and and half the people I thought were not Jewish were really Jewish, you know, and came in and turned on the fans and then said good or something like that, which was a little bit annoying. Um, but uh uh but in Israel it's almost impossible. In certain moharedi areas they actually have card carrying mahadrin non-Jews who with a sign and a and a card who have been checked out by the by the vad and are mahadin menahadrin non-Jews. So if you ever had a concern like how do I know that you're a non-Jew? Whip out the card. Here you are sir. Here's my mahadin non-Jewish status. Actually that's not such a silly idea. It's a pretty good idea. Um but how does it work? So number 11 says the garan shabas mask raashi. So ravashi raises a an objection on one particular point. Amirav is the type is the name the terminology for a rabbitic prohibition on shabas that's got something to do with like a fence against doing malika. Meaning there's a malika which is a Torah prohibition and the rabbis instituted avot. It's the special name for that fence. has a special status of itself and actually is more serious in more than a regular in many ways. Normally speaking with Rabon, you don't the rabbis are not allowed to make a fence around a fence. Yeah. They can't say uh you can't eat chicken with milk in case you eat beef with milk and then later say you know something you can't even eat fish with milk in case you eat chicken with milk in case you eat beef. You can't do that. The rabbis can do one fence and one fence only with exceptions. is one of them because schwus has almost like a Torah status in some ways but uh and therefore they can make another ghetto around that but in in essence it's a dabon so what does that mean there are four ways to understand why can't I just ask a non-Jew please do this for me on Shabas so let's have a look number 12 the says as follows it doesn't just say it says there may not be even done for you. And Rashi immediately jumps in there and says in number 12 even by other people. Now which other people? Obviously not your other Jews. Other Jews are bound themselves to keep Shabas not your children because your children remember when you make so there's a whole list of people who definitely I can't on a Torah level I can't ask I can't ask my kids I can't ask my maid my even non-Jewish maid I'm responsible for them I can't ask my uh well leave aside non-Jewish maid Jewish maid for sure I can't ask my animals to do things on Shabbas can't your animals can't work for you on Shabas. Um non-Jewish geratos interesting not everybody knows this. If you if you had such a thing as a gerattov non-Jews who keep the chev mitzvah live in Israel with the Jews on a Torah level you can't ask them to do malika for you on chabas. So it's not talking about any of those people. So who's it talking about? A regular non-Jew. Have a look on top of page four number 13 says the Ramban. The Ramban of course lived in Spain and then he moved to Israel. But when we say that asking a non-Jew on Shabas is a is a prohibition. It's a rabbitic prohibition. It's for sure. Even it say there's a which hints to it. The prohibition is clearly rabbitic. The rabbis came to prohibit it and they they They they hooked it on to this but the rabbi said not to do it is clearly a prohibition even though it is connected to this it is clearly rabbitic but then he says but if the non-Jew wants to do for himself then he can do what she can do what she likes and we'll see you can even use that as well if a non-Jewish housekeeper turned on a light for herself to go in a room and the light's still on then of course you can use that light she didn't do it for you she did it for herself. Okay, if she did it for you, we'll see it's different. Finally, so that's the there's a even though it's aon, it's connected with that. Rashi number 14, Rashi says, so he says as follows, why is a non-Jew not allowed to say to a Jew not allowed to say to a non-Jew, do this for me on Shabas. What's that? That's a Yesh. There is a there are absukim inh I'll read you theukim now which are the mitzvah of shabas cover shabas that you can't speak on shabas the way you speak in a normal way have a look in number 15 says many people read this for shabas morning if you refrain from doing all the work you need to do and all the business you need to do and you have this shabas okay and Don't do your normal thing on Shabas and and use your normal utensils on Shabas. That's the roots of Mukah and speak in the normal way that you speak during the week etc. Then you will get this big and uh we will uh we will get a lot of connection with Hashem through through keeping Shabas. So you're not allowed to speak on Shabas the way that you normally speak during the week and therefore you're not allowed to speak about Malika. Look at the Rambam number 16. You're not allowed to say to a non-Jew, do this for us. Shabas, even though you don't tell him on Shabas, even though you tell him on Friday, you're not allowed to tell on Friday, a non-Jew saying, "Tomorrow morning, I'm not going to mention it tomorrow, but tomorrow morning do this for me." You can't do that. even though you told him early on you're not even allowed to ask a non-Jew on Shabas please do this for me on Sunday because you're not allowed to talk about you're not allowed to organize or arrange Malika and then he says this is a rabbitic prohibition says and then he gives a slightly different spin which is very important we don't want Shabas to become like less less shabas stick and then eventually we'll just say oh you know something I'll just do it myself you're so used to all this stuff happening around you every shabas shabas just begins to feel like Wednesday because the non-Jew does this they turn the lights on they make the breakfast they make the lunch they make your coffee they they turn on your lights they turn on your computer they they type your letters and then all of a sudden Shabas is just turn into a complete weak day and there's no there's no uh special nature to Shabas Yes. That's a very good question. Okay. Good. So, if there's a that we're going to get to that in a minute, but if there's someone who is unable to go up the floors, then that person is a they're not life-threateningly sick, but they're they're unable to function in the way that a regular healthy person functions. Once a person is in that situation, then of course they can ask a nonjug to do something for them. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. We're not talking about a once you like Miriam said, once you're dealing with a caregiver, dealing with a someone who's sick, none of this applies. But I'm not dealing with that. Let's say what about if you're in New York, forget about someone who's in a a wheelchair, uh, and you're going somewhere on the ninth floor. Yeah. Can you can and the non there's a non-Jewish guy there stands in the elevator and he presses the buttons. That's his job. He's got a little seat. He sits there all day long. There's less and less of these people. Like every time I go to New York, but there used to be in every elevator in the Upper West Side, there was a guy. He presses the button. So, what's the deal with him? You've got much less of a header there. I mean, it's not he's if he's doing for a sick person or someone who can't walk, fine. If he's doing it because you don't want to walk up nine floors. Now, if you think walking up nine floors, well, you'll need a defibrillator when you get to the top, okay, fine. Fine. You can ask him to press the button. But if if if that's not the case, then you should walk. But it depends on the individual. And I'm not getting into all that now. Of course, some people live on the 25th floor or the 85th floor. That's nothing to talk about. You can't walk up 25 flights, but uh you will be a by the time you get there. However, I want to mention this now. Ra Moshi Feinstein and I want to flag this in advance. Uh number 17, you could do some homework on reading this because I'm going to look at this properly next week. Number 17 is a famous sack of Rav Mosha and he says, "You see the ram bam? You're not allowed to have your shabas turn into a weak day by getting the non-Jew to do something. That's why it's also because eventually you'll just lose respect for Shabas. Says I think the timers are included in that prohibition because if you have a Shabas timer then effectively you can have everything on a timer. You could have your food on a timer and your and your lights on a timer and your radio on a timer and everything's on a timer. And he says I think it could be that Kazal even included that. Obviously they didn't know about timers but they said anything that will make your shabas like week in a a week feel is prohibited. He says, "In fact, I think Shabas is even times is even worse than a non-Jew. You can't ask a non-Jew on Friday to do something for you on Shabas. That's a mirror with a timer. It's not that you ask. You actually set it up yourself. You actually plug it in, turn it on, set the dial that he said, that's better than saying to a nonju. That's worse than saying to a nonju because you actually set it up. Why? It's worse than saying to Anonju Shabas. You I can't say to Anonju on Friday, do this for me on Shabas." I can I can program my timer. You're already looking at me in a way to say that we don't do this and the answer is correct. Rav Mosha Feinstein nobody follows Ra Mosha on on this really I people who are maybe wedded to Ra Moshe in all areas but this is another of Mosha he allowed it with lights he said what can I tell you lights already lights already people are used to shalom okay fine sha and again I'm sure the ravi would if it's the shalom issue would have said it's good air conditioner yeah I'm not sure I'm not sure I I don't imagine that they had air conditioners so much in the lower east side in the 1960s but I I I have I I suspect that motion did not permit using an air conditioner on a timer. They did have air. And what did he pass again? Do we know the little window ones? I don't know if he if he would have allowed air conditioning on a timer, but Right. Interesting. Interesting. I must tell you, even though sh even though I'm not the oldest person in the room, uh when when when I when I went uh to university for my interview to Oxford University, I walked into the room that they were putting me in overnight and none of the lights worked and and I could not work out what was going on. And I knocked, you know, sort of timidly on the door of the student that was living next door and says, "Why don't my light work?" And he said, "Did you put money in the meter? Because if you didn't put money in the meter, why would the lights work?" I go, "Sorry, I didn't think I didn't think about that." Let's put money in the meter to make the lights work. Okay, fine. Okay, fine. So, that's that's the basic principles of of uh of Amir. However, we have a lot more to say. What if you have a living housekeeper that's there all the time, not just a non-Jew coming up to you and doing something on Shabas? So, let's look at this now. So, let's look at the number 18. You're not allowed to rent to hire workers on shabas and you're not allowed to ask a nonjabas to to hire workers on shabas which by the way is a good indicator that you can't ask a non-Jew to do something which is itself the raon because hiring workers is on you can't even ask a non-Jew to hire workers so you certainly can't ask them for a either we'll see exceptions soon even though it's not for me on Shabas it's for later I need a worker for Monday you can't ask a nonjud to to hire someone because whatever you're not allowed to do you can't ask a non to do like we saw in the even to ask them before shabas to do it on shabasm what can you do so here we're going to see something that a lot of people misunderstand you can say to the non-Jew on Sunday. Why didn't you turn the lights on for me last you normally do? Why didn't you turn the lights on for me? That you can do on Sunday. Even though the nonJew understands from that statement that you want him to turn the lights on on next Shabas, that you can say. You can't say to the non-Jew on Sunday, please come in on Shabas morning and turn on my lights. Again, I'm not talking about a caregiver to a person who is not well. That's different. But a regular situation. But you cannot mod Shabas on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday. You can say, "Why didn't you do it last week?" Yeah. So critical. Would the person get all defensive and say, "Okay, okay. We live in a world where everyone's going to get offended. Whatever you say, you Amy, I'm quite confident that you will find a a a sensitive beautiful. You won't just say, "Why didn't you do this to me?" Like you you'll find a way to say it. Okay. um because of this which is very clear people make the mistake of thinking you can hint to a non-Jew to do something for you on Shabas that's not true you can hint on the weekday that's a hint on the weekday that he should do something on Shabas but on Shabas itself you're very limited go over the page I brought you some examples hinting in a way which contains a clear request like everybody is going to obviously understand that's what you're asking is not allowed on Shabas It's allowed on multi shabas. It's allowed on the weekday. Why didn't you turn the lights on for me last Shabas? That's allowed. But on Shabas, you're not allowed. That's included in vaba davar. You can do it on Sunday. What? What? Yeah. Yeah. Friday as well. Why didn't you They were last Shabas. You can't say turn it on for me next Shabas. Yeah, exactly. So on Shabas, you can't hint in a way which is really an indirect request. I brought some examples. You can't say on Shabas, why didn't you turn off the lights last Shabas? Do me a favor. there's not enough light in the room. Anyone who turns off the flame won't regret it. If you lower the flame, I'll reward your efforts. You know, none of those things are permitted on Shabas. That's because you're basically telling them do it, but you're not telling them. A hint that doesn't include a real request is permitted according to some postkim. So, for example, you could say the alarm is beeping and we're not permitted to turn it off. The lights in the bedroom are on and we're not permitted to turn them off. It's a shame that the lights are on and electricity is being wasted. It's difficult to sleep because of the light in the room. It's a shame that the gas is going to waste. I don't have enough ripped tissues or whatever it is. So that you can say because there's there's no request in there. Now some post can say no. No, you can't even say that the minute you say the words and I'm not allowed to. Ah, yeah. You're one of those mishuga Orthodox Jews. meaning all you can say is something like um you know it's dark in here and not I'm not allowed to turn on the lights because that's just giving although many posts can say you can say I'm not allowed to turn on the lights and my experience honestly from many years living in is if you just say it's dark in here some they're just going to look at you and say correct it's dark in here they're not going to they're not going to get it if you say it's dark in here and I'm not allowed to turn on the lights that's maybe enough to let them know what to do uh but not enough to be a direct uh sort of direct instruction or indirect instruction. The problem is I brought you in the next little bit. Often the non-Jew then turns around to you and says so would you like me to turn on the lights then? That's what they say. And then the question is can you say yes? Because once you say yes then you've you know you've defeated the object. So then you have to think something to say which is well you know that would be nice or or I don't know you'll have to work out something to say. So this applies in terms of the hinting and the speaking on Shabas. Um however, and this is an important new point, there is a difference in between a non-Jew that does something for you as a favor or a non-Jew that does something even if they're being paid by the hour. That that's prohibited on all that basis. They can't do things for you on Shabas. But a non-Jew who is a contractor, what's called a kablan. We use the word cabablan now in modern Hebrew for a building contractor. But in Kazal and in in the cablan is used for any contractor. If I take my dry cleaning in to be cleaned and I take it in on Friday and say I'm picking it up on on Monday, that person is a cablan. They charge a fixed fee. If they get into trouble with it and it takes them five hours longer than they thought it would, that's their problem. That's not my problem. They're a cablan. I'm paying them a fixed fee and I'm picking it up on Monday. So then you can take stuff into non-Jews and they can do it for you on Chabas because you're not working for me for paying by the hour. you're doing a fixed contractual fee. If I put my uh letter in the mail and and it's going to be mailed on on Sunday and the mail people are going to be doing it on Shabas, that's not a problem because it's a fixed fee. I bought a stamp or whatever they do today and it's a fixed price and they do whatever it takes to get the letter there. And therefore, once you have a cablan, then you are in uh an easier situation. Have a look please at number 19 says the you can give your clothes to a non-Jewish dry cleaner even close to Friday night if it's a fixed fixed fee is not being paid by the hour it's a contractor no problem but you can't instruct them and I want this done on Shabas you can give it to them and let let them do it when they want and if they do it on Shabas that's fine and by the way the the post going to say that you can't give it to them three minutes before Shabas and say and I want it three minutes after Shabas because then you're effectively telling them to do it on Shabas but if you say you know I'm picking it up whenever and they've got time to do it when they want and they do it on Saturday that's not your problem at all but you can't ask them to do it on Shabas and they also you're only allowed this if they do it in their factory in their house in their shop but They can't come to your house and start doing in your house even if you take them on as a contractor. Why not? The Mishna Brewer says in number 20 because that's a Shabbat. Number 20 is they can't do in the Jews house. I forgot to mention another of the issues of a non-Jew doing is they're doing as your on Shabbat and if they do it in your house it's evident to all. It's a kind of merit iron. It's clear that it looks to people that you're having stuff done on Shabbat. Either they're going to think that's okay or they're going to think that you're breaking Shabbat. They don't realize the arrangement. You can't do that. But even if it's something that normal people contract and they don't pay by the hour, once it's in your house, you're not allowed to have it done because it's also it's a zil Shabbat. So, how does that help us? I have a a housekeeper, let's say, who's, you know, works for me the whole time. And let's say she's a kablan, not a uh which rather, which is an interesting question as to whether a housekeeper is like a contractor or not like a contractor. I'm not going to get into that. Now, I've gave you a uh but let's assume that she is. Everything I want them to do is in my house. That's the point. It's not like I'm giving her dry cleaning and she's doing it in her house. She's washing my dishes, cleaning my carpets, folding my clothes, making my beds, doing all the things that need to be done in my house for me. So, how does that even help me? I I I wouldn't be allowed to get her to do anything because it's all happening in my house. So, many post can turn around and say, "You're right. A non-Jewish housekeeper does not get you anywhere because whatever you'd be allowed to do as a kablan, they can do it on their premises, but not on yours." However, Rafership Feinstein here has a leniency. Rav Mie Finstein comes along and says if you have a living housekeeper, he or she is allowed to do anything that these housekeepers normally do for you. That's not like a special thing because people will assume that that's part of their general contracts and they do it as part of their general work. So he says they're allowed to wash the dishes, the floors, even if they're washing them for after Shabas. You don't have to say leave it till after Shabas. Let them do whatever they want. They'd rather take off after Shabas let them do it on Shabas. They can fold the laundry. They can take out the garbage. Excuse me. They can clean. They can clean the house more generally. They can turn the lights on and off because people that's what their general job. You're not asking them to do that. However, you can't ask them directly. Please just turn on the lights on. Please you're back to where we said before or hint to them in a way which is more direct. And they can't do anything which the Rab Muria says goes below goes beyond their normal responsibilities which is the kind of thing that somebody wouldn't normally expect a housekeeper to do. Defrost the freezer is one example that's given. That's like a one-off. People don't normally do that. Uh go shopping for me, you know, go to the store. That's that they wouldn't be allowed to do that. But anything in their normal situation they'd be allowed to do. And also, and here's a big uh gray area. As long as it's not a zil Shabbat that it's a like a vandic. It's not it's not it's like a loud noise. We'll see. We'll deal with noise next week. The Ashkanazim are particularly sensitive to noise on Shabbatically. They don't like noisy things. The Sparim don't seem to mind hakly. We'll talk about where that comes from. That there's a lot of noise going on. Maybe because there's a lot of noise going on anyway, but we'll see next week where that comes from. But having the non-Jew vacuum your carpets, most post will say, "No, no, no. That's that's a zil. That's a Zul Shabas." Uh, putting on a wash, washing the clothes, and then in the middle of Shabas, your washing machine's going, "That's very What about using a dishwasher?" The the housekeeper says, "You know something, I'll do the dishes, but I'm not going to stand and do I'm going to use the dishwasher." Is the dishwasher noisy or not? So, we're going to get to that next week. Okay. When is the dishwasher noisy and when it's not? what do you call noisy etc. Um, so you actually do have according to Ra Mosha quite a lot of leeway with a housekeeper a someone coming in being paid by the hour. A cleaning person is no help. That's that's not it's not a kablan. They're just being paid by the hour. You've got it's like a regular nonj for anything. But a kablan you are going to get some uh some some advantages there. Yes. Why could I ask them to wash them? Well, you can ask them to wash the dishes. But the question is what if what if they prefer to use the dishwasher? Do I have to stop them using the dishwasher? I can wash the dishes. I can't use the dishwasher. They can wash the dishes, but can they use the dishwasher? They say, "Well, it's for me." They're saying, they're saying, "Well, it's for my benefit. I'd rather to wash them." Yeah, but can they then choose to use the dishwasher or should you say to them, "I'd rather you didn't use the dishwasher because I the dishwasher shouldn't be going on Shabas." That's the question. Can you just let them get on with it? Do whatever they like. We'll see. We'll see that next week. Let's go on a little bit because even though it is a shorter sheet, we're still going to run out of time. Um, on page number six, I brought you the other side of Amir. Forget about what I'm allowed to ask the non-Jew on Shabas or hints. I'm not allowed to benefit from what a non-Jew did on Shabas. Look at number 21. This is in the Mishna. If a non-Jew a little light for themselves, the Jew can use that light. They turn on a light for themselves. I can use the light. But if they turned on the light for me, assur I'm not allowed to use the light. Meaning even if I didn't ask them, a non-Jew saw me sitting in the dark and they came in and they said, "You know something? I'm going to turn the light on for you because it's dark in here. You're not allowed to. You're not allowed to use the light because it's benefiting. You didn't even ask them. If the non-Jew pulls water out of the well to for his horses, and there's some left at the end, so you can use your the water for your animals as well. They got a drink on Shabas. You didn't draw it out of the well for yourself and he didn't do it for you. Butish is but if they did it for you, you can't even use it. So actually you end up with an interesting situation which is that you actually cannot even benefit from something that a non-Jew does for you. Even if you didn't ask them, even if that's their job, even if the housekeeper walked in and saw you and you never said a word and she's your regular housekeeper and she sees you sitting struggling in the dark to read cuz it's like turns on the light. You can't use it. She did it for you. You can't benefit from what a non-Jew does for you on Shabas. Now you're all looking at me with a puzzled eye and say, "Yeah, but but yeah, what's the whole purpose of Shabas going? You know, they lit the fires. They did this. They did that." So it's very important to understand. There's a whole page of analysis here. But the Gmorrah also says that if a non-Jew wants to put out a fire, not talking about a dangerous life-threatening fire. So then you can let them do what they like. You can let them put out the fire. You don't have to say don't put out the fire. And that's okay. Oh yeah, but you benefit from that. They put out the What about turning off the light? So explains and this is the hala. You're not allowed to benefit directly from a non-Jew turning on the light. I I washed your shirt and ironed it for you. Here's your shirt. You can't wear the shirt. But if the non-Jew did something which is not a direct benefit, it's an indirect benefit. Something's in the way and they took away the problem and now I can do something else. That's not called a direct benefit. If a non-Jew turns off the light, I can use the dark room to go to sleep. Oh, I'm using the turned off light. No, I'm not. I'm not using the turned off light. There's just not a light there because they turned it off. And therefore, you can do that. when we were in um in uh Poland many years ago. So there were non-Jews opening the doors for us with the electric key cards. So are you allowed to b are you allowed to go in the room? The non-Jew opened the door for you. Yeah, because all the non-Jew did is take away something that's stopping you getting in the room. When I'm sitting in the room, I'm not using the opened door. And there's a very important difference between those two things. Uh and therefore you have to ask yourself what is prohibited to benefit from, what isn't prohibited to benefit from. Uh and go on that basis. Uh again, when you're dealing with somebody who is a kila, it's quite different. It's it's not the same thing at all. Uh and the non-Jew is definitely allowed to do that to you as well. And that was the that was the origin of the Shabbas with a fire. If you lived in Eastern Europe and there was no fire and your kids are sitting shivering and and and and freezing in the house, someone catches a chill, it could be a real life-threatening issue. They didn't have antibiotics. Somebody catches the flu and that may be the end. So you could ask the non-Jew to turn to to light the fire or hint whatever. and you could use the fire because that was considered to be an essential benefit otherwise you're a real a real K. So you really have to navigate around these things on Shabas. So let's just finish off on page seven. I'll give you the last few bits and bits and pieces. Um therefore having a housekeeper is definitely better than having a visiting cleaner. But even a visiting cleaner which is no different even if you pay them uh than uh than a regular non-Jew doing something there are still some leniencies. And one of the main ones is whatever they do for themselves to make it easy for themselves, then then you don't care about. Meaning, you ask the non-Jew to wash the dishes. Fine. You could wash the dishes. They can wash the dishes, but they choose to use a sponge. Fine. What do you care? Let them use a sponge. They choose to use the hot water. Yeah, fine. What do you care? You They're doing it completely for their own convenience. They could wash it with cold water. You do, but they don't want to. That's no problem at all. You tell them to uh clean the floors. They could do it in a way which is Shabas friendly, but they prefer to use a squeegee and a mop and do the fine. They're doing it for themselves. They're completely doing it for their own benefit. There's no problem. The Taz has a case in number 28 where a non-Jew turns on the light to be able to wash the dishes. So that's fine. Let them turn on the light. You can even wash the dishes with them and you can even use the light afterwards. It's fine because they did it for themselves. They didn't do it for you. And I brought you at the end here um uh some examples where you are allowed to ask non-Jews directly and benefit from it. Uh and this is very interesting and it takes us a little bit beyond um but you're allowed to ask a non-Jew to do a rabbitic prohibition in for for many situations for a mitzvah for a necessity for a serious monetary loss. Are you allowed to ask a non-Jew to wheel somebody in a wheelchair where there's no avul are you allowed to do that? So the most person would say well you are allowed to do that because it's a mitzvah for them to go to shaw um because you know it's an isid bonan to wheel them through the street you're asking a nonju to do an isra bon for the purpose of a mitzvah it's m we had a big makoas in London many years ago before the av there was a rov who said you can wheel a man to shul because he's got a mitzvah to dab with a minion but you can't wheel a woman woman to sh because she she can dav at home and other posting were very unhappy with that and said no no no it's it's it's also a mitzvah for her to go to Shaw. She likes Shaw. She likes being in Shaw. It's not the same exactly as a man for a minion, but it's still a mitzvah. And therefore, there were the post game who did allow it and the post game who didn't allow it. But you can look at that yourself. Next week, we get into the much more, I think, technical and actually more exciting waters of uh well, hopefully not water with your time switch, but turning on your time switch and changing your time switch, adjusting time switches, etc. Uh and getting into the dishwasher case, the coffee machine case, and many others as well. Shabus alarms. What about having your your an alarm set to go off and wake you up on Shabas morning? Is that okay? Is that phone alarms? Okay, we'll get there next week. Please, God.