Censorship in Rabbinic Literature By Rabbi Dr. Ahron Adler

all our this year are in memory OFA B and should also incorporate the of our learning to the all should come home Shalom all the should come Shalom and we should be able to end this B Shalom um I'm going to introduce a book today of U I wouldn't call him even a I wouldn't call him a colleague in any way or manner he's just so far Head and Shoulders above most um some of you from the old city probably know who I'm talking about Rabbi Professor Daniel sherva who is you don't know the he used to be he used to be used to be in The Old City he used to live in katamon then he moved to the Old City danela professor professor danela is a season um he has um he he's not I wouldn't call him an absolute Centrist a little bit sometimes to the left in some of his uh liberal attitudes but he's perfectly halakic and that's that's why some people think he's dangerous because he's so H and so knowledgeable and if he says something you don't have to agree with it but at least you have to take it seriously I mean he says things that that have basis and he wrote a book in English many years ago called on changes in Jewish liturgy options and limitations where he also discusses the idea that from the days of an the authorship of the authoring of Theon things were supposed to be very very constant and I mentioned just a few weeks ago that from the 19 BR that we have today in the only one that does not have a change a different in terms of language is the of oh I checked I literally checked many many many different and they all have it the same but every other has some type of a variant in which is a function of the galut it's a function of the fact that we lost touch with a central H Authority and and therefore for um different communities sometimes made alterations or mistakes may have crept into a manuscript and it became altered um and and and this is what we have God willing they'll be a Sanhedrin they'll be able to put it back together and then uh everybody is going to D in the same and I'm can tell you now that until we get out of our heads the psychological edge of the N of your grandfather it's not going to happen it's it's it's uh there is a lot of psychology here of and I can tell you from the from the field of raban for so many years that if somebody has a sh in and you tell the person no you can't do it you can't eat it whatever if the person has enough him they'll accept it as simple as that but if they ask something that has something that has to do with Minag then you have to be hyper careful that Min is much less of a serious subject matter in t than a yet when it comes to Min it it it it hits your ego hits your identity it's you it's it's you and your family and so on so you know if the Bubba did it this way you know don't tell me to do it some other way and and and this has to be really uh K to so much so that with regard to in in in general in shs so there is a concept that a has a except that here in Earth Israel with the emergence of new communities all the time and you get 11 people moving into the neighborhood the first ones to move in six ashas five so what does that mean it's going to be ashas now until mhia when there will be maybe 5,000 families in this yesu or every year we'll take a vote again depending on how many new people moved in so there were many communities that decided not to decide and that thein of any particular determines whether it's going to be this or that if you're not familiar with it people coming from it's it's a headache but when you get used to it you get used to it it's as simple as that and everybody seems to be happier in my humble opinion as much as I'm a stickler for in a sh I I think if the option is to bust up the Kila and make two shs I'd rather have the Mish of the in than a busted up Community even though wrote that there's justification to split the sh on if if the issue is the he didn't say you should do it but he said if you if you do it you're not in violation of what's called A in that has something to do with a that we shouldn't scratch ourselves and draw blood in in mourning you shouldn't rip out your hair for those who still have some hair and but explained the word from the word a mean don't make different communities if you have one Community keep it as a unified community and there are things that we have to be careful for do that you're now allowed to do something that's running against the stream of the entire community so I'll just give you a nice example of it um there's a m a dispute Bona if we are to wear on so you know it's is it more than or more than so so so I remember in America people used to think that well if I'm still working and a lot of people would go to work so me it's working so I put on filling when I retire I stop putting a fil that's utter nonsense I must tell you utter nonsense it has to do how much there is to so according to the is even though you are permitted to do certain things on but as y we don't wear so we don't wear but theist was of the opinion that it's weekday it's basically weekday and does not have that level of K uh and therefore it's more parallel to rodes so rodes while we may take off the Fillin by mus which is exactly what people who wear do take off the by but we put Onin the point is it's a midday that we put on Fillin ones so we put Onin for those who put on Fillin on according to R now I grew up in a house in where we didn't wearin on why because not everybody not all communities held like the RAR which is interesting not everybody held like R the V thorough bre ashaz without a doubt identified with thei point of view and said that there's K sanctity of the day on and therefore no and that view filters down to the V Yesa which then impacted on brisk and other yes so what we call the ISA world now has already branched out to adopting the idea the Min of not wearing thin onid the in Eastern Europe who were cabalists many of them were into kabala so they followed rfo who was a cabalist as well and rabo said this not fill in on so now you have groupings of ashkenazim whether it's litv you know from the Yeshiva World whether it's Kim in Eastern Europe in Poland and Russia or Hungary not wearing thin so who's wearing the litvaks who are really not part of that world M who are not part of the vulo orbit and the Western European Jews German Jews and so on yis and so on they W so the the country was the world the Jewish world was divided what happens in America B I mean said everybody brought to America in their suitcase their minhag so there is no Minag America on the subject it's whatever you do and therefore he said there's no problem in one sh for for half the minion to wear half the not to because there's no he said and there's no of the in in to to wearin or not to wearin but in the situation is different because the situation here in the 16th century with the arrival of rosf Karo who are the Jews here in Israel they were predominantly those who fled from the Spanish Inquisition now raro was born 3 or four years before the Inquisition he was born in 18 1488 so he or 1489 so he's three years old at the time of the gush but but he didn't make it here in in in an L flight from Barcelona they didn't have it then yet or or there was an L strike that day perhaps I don't know but U you had to go through Italy and then Greece and saloniki and turkey it became a years years but he finally makes it he makes it toat and he for sure impacts on whoever here is in to the extent that believes that every automatically becomes a because was the Ra was the marra and he said well if you want to continue with your ashkanazi custom you have upon who to rely on but he believed that every Jew comes in Al automatically switches and becomes AI though that view never made it no never really caught on certainly not amongst asaz theam loved that but dasham never bought it into it buto was not the 200 years later you have the arrival of ashel almost at the same time but in two different waves wave number one was that students of the VIN the VIN actually started out for ER Israel and had to turn back for whatever circumstance but he does send some of his prime students to ER Israel one of them is the rivlin family we had a president of Israel who was a great great great great grandson of the rivins and the Solomon family who from from y moved to Peta in the and that these are the all the the the the prian were known as renfeld was part of this uh in in shed area of Yim that's where you have the sh of the gro of the VIN so this was a group of who brought over the of not to here not wearing you have here not wearing and then you have the movement moving over from Europe here and it came by the brother-in-law of the bmov who's known as RAB Abraham from known more popularly as and the reason that my grandfather was named because we are direct descendants of this RAB Ben now I explained it to my daughter I said that's a worth a lot of money on the sh Market and my kids told me AB aun doesn't they didn't care imagine such I mean this is a love fun to go walk around with you know they are my manadan in nature Yus doesn't play a role at all so so R comes he was sent by the bov to is to spread so what do you have now you have another grouping of ashm from Europe not wearing and the students of not wearing and the so it was a coalition it was Coalition there was nobody wearing that becomes the minan and therefore who may have worn f for 60 years in comes there is no need for normally if you change a Min it's like AOW you have to disavow a you don't have to do that it's it's it's an automatic shift because you're moving from a place of M shagu the place where this was the Min to a place where that's the Min and it's an auto and you permanently want to live here so you stop wearing on and then that's the deal the only question comes up with with regard to tourists tourists and we have tourists here and so on so um a tourist who's here and will put on in is in violation of a Biblical offense of of so if the tourist wants to wear his thin in his hotel room for a few minutes and sayma or his home where he's staying there's no a he can do that there's no question he can do that and according to some not even to make a br on it but that's it's a different question to BR but to put on the Fillin it can do it but it has to be private now I had two situations once in raote I was the rabbi there where a 16-year-old was wearing in I walked up him quietly on the side I said buddy you know you got to take off your thill in here so he starts arguing with me that this is his Min I said I understand this your Min and all that but you see there's you don't wear F in as well and he's still you know as they say bish he's still with his point I said listen I'll tell you what the Min and this is the Min is that when the rabbi tells you to take off thean first you take off thein and then you ask why did I do that that's the minic in the Sho so first take off the then I'll patiently expl that I once happened in one of the hotels I was I saw a tourist from from England and he was wearing to fill there were 300 people in this so I said did you notice that nobody here is wearing Tain did you take not he says I was wondering why everybody forgot their Tain this morning was pretty good it's almost like a d Ley joke yeah um theh is so strong what happens on when people they have a choice yeah a choice it means well there's a a Big M on what a tourist should be doing here and Sh but according to the view that a tourist here who's going back which According to some that's in iser to think that salant who is the ra of pass in the 19th century said that it's assur to even think that you're going back to so even if you do go back to but on sheni it doesn't exist you have to keep one day but all right that's a sheer in itself but um then person should put on Fillin privately there the person is going to keep you up to sheny so so there he's not going to put on F at all we have is at the end of I'm talking about the issue of Y sh go around in you know like a peacock so the the truth of the matter is he shouldn't do that at all at all because you're not supposed to make yourself conspicuous that you're even keeping y sheni now I know I sometimes I drive to rades to visit my mother is and there it's like full of Co guys from the mirr who live in ramares and you see it's you know you see it you see it I know I know I know rauk was on the opinion that it is forbidden to have a y sheni minion in there well because it's far you to do things in so everything has to be so you said a minion by definition is so if you want to D weekday ding do it on your own but um what you want do it on your own right everything putting on again somebody who has a I'm not here to challenge that but I'm just saying is that said you now have to make a public display about going against the in this case and certainly to put on in is to go to do you're not all to do that but um there other things that we are allowed to do because there's no defined Min so I'm going to get back to Rabbi Spa in this particular book Daniel Spa who is a low rate of PR Isel in this country uh for his um unbelievable research on the subject of Min it's an eight volume series called is and then he put this out in English on I'd like to discuss specifically the issue of um the censorship that entered into the picture in the printing ofes in general and and um Sid in particular so let's look at source number seven on the page towards the bottom and it says Source number seven is from the rambam's S the ramam has uh he wrote the S at the end of which is a very nice thing to do and it begins with it so happens the ra never wrote that phrase means those who snitch those who who talk you know the the Assumption was that there were um either Jews who who who um went to Roman authorities and and squealed on them and so on that's called the Malin right in in in slang in Hebrew it's called atinka so that's what it's called atinka but a Squealer so what did the rambam actually write so we know from the manuscripts of the mishor of the ram he wrote what is the word shm Shin what doesm mean schmad has um one General um connotation has something to do with goam doing bad to Jews that's for sure so on the one hand it's it's related to Christianity throughout the generations trying to uh coers us to accept Christianity to baptize so they were called the schmad and unfortunately throughout history there were no small number of Jews who did adopt Christianity when we talk about the Spanish Inquisition so there was an option given you could accept Christianity and baptized and then you were just left alone so how many Jews opted for baptism I'm not talking about Morano now miranos are those who baptize but maintain some semblance of Judaism in the tunnels on the ground most of them at the end of the day stayed Christian some survived until this very day as Morano but the overwhelming majority of um Spanish Jey I'm talking about 60% 60% is a tremendous amount outright baptized so they were nobody's going to fault them because it was under the threat of death but that's what happened so we we suffered from schmad on this level there's a um the med that says on on yobu that after his encounter with the the man the ish who's identified in the mid as the spiritual representation of asov the SAR asov so who what does it mean what's the symbolism that he walks away limping so the M say these are reflect the generations of the Lost Nish right not only we ask to guard Isel but there are remnants the remnants of am Isel right the BHA in in in India that were brought over remnants of am Israel out there Morano I mean the president of Portugal by the way was probably is a Morano from Morano family today the um there are a lot of moros in Portugal surv lot of moros who survived in Portugal so the um I think if I'm not mistaken the sh the Spanish Portuguese sh in Manhattan is called is that's the name of the even a remnant of of Isel the um so they were this was the Mish but also the wordmat means being killed by go there you're being killed because you're Jewish that's also an act of thatal talked about and I'll prove it the um we know that during the days of the OM so ashm more so than sardam but sardam on a certain level uh have a period of mourning it's not a full-blown period of mourning but there are things that we don't do because of lowering the bar on Sim the ramam doesn't even know about this as far as I know he was Jewish and religious there are all kinds of things the rambam doesn't have in the Mishra which already tells you these are not things that were widespread or even hit North Africa uh for him to even know about he may not even known about it it's it's not there at all rah doesn't have ler and the raham doesn't have Bar Mitzvah I mean my gosh was he Jewish I mean and that already says something about the formation of the development of minhag in am Isel I mean the First Time bar mitzvas was celebrated Mitzvah was a 16th century in liin by the marah before that nobody was there was no such a halakic animal called celebrating aah Mitzvah and celebrating a bat mitzvah is at the turn of the century with feminism by the way there there's no r that ever received a Shila in the 16th or 17 18th century about Bat Mitzvah but 20th century all of a sudden Ra's writing about it ra they were all writing about it because it became a subject became an issue but Bar Mitzvah ra never heard of bar mitzvah doesn't mean you don't become a bar mitzvah but they never celebrated it wasn't something that was on the on the calendar on the agenda so the the ramam doesn't know about a morning period in the days of the OM but what do you mean thear talks about from P until the students of Raba made they died in in this period and and thear even says it was a was a Asar it was a type of epidemic like a Corona virus it was something that brought down the and not just 24,000 of says 12,000 Zim which is z 12,000 PA of the never says that it's a period of M it just says that between p and which is sh this is what happened it develops later in history that people didn't make weddings that's how it starts people didn't make weddings in this period in the days of the Middle Ages in ashkenas after the pums of 1096 and where many of them were U Were were um um blood liable related and were between PES and Chabot so they were upgraded the the level of period of mourning or or or expression of M morning was upgraded in ashkenas so there you have much many more strict strict strict observances of of as in the it's less by the emites zero because they go according to the rambam and it's just not there at all going to the emites you can get married any day you want between p and Sh not a problem and and so on so what kind of epidemic was it epidemic what's the difference you know you might try to identify except that if you look at the letter of RA let's identify who he is shin he's the father of somebody even more famous ra Al one of the most famous of the gim so the gim is the sixth Century to the 10th 11th century so raon is is just a known Persona in the world of he actually authored books in and he's quoted all the time his father raon who's also known and here and there shows up in the anthologies of respons literature of the gim CH of Ron he writes a letter Rashon he was asked a simple question a simple question how was the mishna and how was the gamorra written it was a historical question basically who who are the people what happened and those two simple questions the Mish and the it's a book he writes the going is a book it's marketed today as a book there are scholarly editions of it because there's sometimes different variants of the rash and what he does is he gives us the history of the T and the and the which means a a a there was a period of 4 500 years that were Dark Ages we didn't know anything we didn't know who what when Sur Pita where were the r what were they doing who wrote anything if not for we'd know nothing and now we something I give an example somebody said once that when it said about the r r no one was as great as as the RAM and that the ram never saw that line but 100 years after the rambam it was already in use somebody wanted to say a that did you ever notice that there's not one in the Mish not one in the who's called M we have all kinds of names which means and and in afteru there no Personalities in tanak named Moshe and nothing even remotely close so you see they didn't ever use the name until the ra that's what it means problem is it's wrong you have to be careful when you make these things and because in the rash he names one of the as so it was in the sixth or seventh or eth Century in the in theot in Baghdad which was then the seat of the gon at the time so mosha goon existed but R Shon writes about the period of rabaka and the BBA Revolution he lets us know that the students of RAB AA died in the schmad now what was the schmad schmad was the war was the war against Rome was was the Revolt which means they were tal students of RAB AA and they were soldiers of Bara you know what that means that the first yes has there wasn't ra Gold's Yesa kav 1954 but it was RAB aa's Yesa none other than pabra where he was the rough right Rika was the marra in babra at the time so B of all places the seed of the pich Yesa today was the first Yesa it had a Yeshiva where all the tamam were battle ready trained and ready you think the the Revolt broken out and now let's start training soldiers now I'm going to say something don't get me wrong I'm I was very happy that after unfortunately unfortunately after the war broke out so we started hearing about certain Yesa boys from the circles that wanted to be trained callot callot but I got news for you those soldiers aren't ready yet for battle they might be ready you know in two years or in a year but they weren't ready yet in you know in October November for sure not it takes time I have a son a grandson my first grandson now wow wow wow he's at he's in the tank in the Shion but he's not going to go into Gaza yet but if we go into Lebanon in a a few months he might see action there you have you need time to train the soldiers so it means R were trained they went into battle immediately and the question that the asks says why did the r die they died because shal K they didn't respect each other so what is the really telling us thought that bar was MIA he actually said he he gave zba this is Ben Shimon Ben kba who is known as Barba because of this rash mov he was the great star baruba he came from Kaz and that's why he's called bar kazba and um he RAB thought for sure he mashia and RAB convinces other that he's mashia and what were teaching us that to try to understand the Calamity and the collapse of the Barba revolution has to do with answering the question Raba had to answer the question if the second mikdash came about because of Jews just didn't like the other one for no reason means no reason it's not that the guy did me wrong in business so I don't like him that's perfectly understandable but no reason you know I don't like the way it looks I don't like his nose you know I don't like his name I don't like whatever whatever you know I don't like his you know it's cuscus don't like the guy you know no reason whatsoever not to like another Jew so that brought down theban the bet mikdash so if that's the case if you think Bara is mhia and we're now moving towards the third bet mdash and this is 65 years after the destruction right and then rabika felt that the first galut was 70 years and now we're almost 70 years so we're going to see the end of the galut of Rome by the end of the 70th year um he had to answer did we solve the problem of but if and this is like the the cream of the crap I was going to say Harvard but I'm not going to say that anymore this is the cream of the crap if they didn't have respect for one another what do you expect for the person on the Street what kind of example are they showing to others so this had no chance of becoming Yia and it collapses and according to Ron the the students of fell as and that was the schmad it had nothing to do with a disease it wasn't Corona it wasn't anything else it was aad he says it Shada it was aash and and and and why didn't the gamar write it why did they write that it was a it it was a epidemic this is called censorship it was internally censored we didn't want to broadcast the fact that there was a revolt against Rome because Rome was still on the scene and the the Rebellion against Rome was so painful for Rome forget about it was painful to us it was a disaster for us total disaster for us but it was painful for Rome and we know this because whenever in the history of Roman Warfare the Roman general succeeded as he was supposed to do he came back to the senate in Rome and began a speech and it reported the opening line was I and my Army are uh at peace something something of this language I and my Army are okay or fine or peace which means everything's fine the only time that this report was delivered to the Senate without that opening line was after the Baraka Revolution because he and his army were not well at all at all they were also beaten they were also beaten and um because of that it was was um Politically Incorrect to broadcast and publicize the revolution so therefore the students died conveniently in AA in in an epidemic so this is an unbelievable example of censorship which we have in the talmud bav over and over again yeah I'm sorry I didn't understand you just said that um they died not in a right they were killed they fell by by the Romans in in the war they were fighting of course they were fighting they were fighting for RAB AA for for for BBA it was the revolt against Rome what does it mean that they didn't have respect one for another maybe they okay so there your your imagination can go wild but I can tell you that um I I I think I have an idea at least an example example thank God I was blessed in my years in the raban that didn't really have this I think the every every sh Rabbi has people and Sh who are as part of their crowd less total ignor whatever you have to love them all and you have to talk to all of them and fine and you can give shurim on different levels too or you you know isolate as you give your sheir or DHA whatever I have friends who are in the raban who told me that the minute they get up they also had you know sometimes let's say a retired Rabbi who's ding in the SCH as a member the minute he got up Saida either this Rabbi picked himself up and walked out or opened up a safer you know real sadic what message was he giving to the people sitting around him but this man has to say up there just useless I can do better and there are some who have this who do this that's called shalav so that's what it means that's a good example and uh it's very sad but it's it's an ego thing it's an ego thing if you have a a r look I'm I'm not going to St myself on the shoulder but I had a a predecessor at RAB Dan tropper who was a r there for almost 30 years and he sat every drw that I gave and I learned from him and now I have a new Rabbi there and I'm a balab boss and I sit for every drasa the rabbi gives fine irrespective of what I could be saying and doing has nothing to do with it somebody else is up there he's the r he's the that's called that's called being a gentleman it's called being a mench my grandfather used to say that in the S where it says it says you should always be God-fearing in public and in private so um my grandfather used to put the K we talked about where the karma goes first you should be a men then we'll talk about your before we get to being God-fearing first you should be a mench then we'll talk you know it's not theat but it's it's perfect it's really perfect so the rambam said so who are the Mish who are Mish this is the early Hebrew Christians the early Hebrew Christians were Jews who were observing to MIT the first generation or two of Christianity it wasn't Christianity the way we see it today it was a sect of Judaism of sorts who accepted yesu as Messiah and he was here and when he was executed there'll be a second coming you know he's coming back and so on but these are people who are very very religious would go to the Mikvah all the time that's why baptism became a very very big thing you go to the Jordan River you know by because was very important and um they were very very um you know religious in the sense of being scrupulous about and so on and that's what troubled what troubled Kim was they look Jewish they smell Jewish and but they're not because they have moved themselves out of the fold but it was difficult or bordering on impossible to deal with this cuz you have a minion and Sho 10 people maybe one of them is in his heart is a Hebrew Christian and what did kazal call the Hebrew Christians minimim and it comes from the word me who are you just like it says they didn't know what it was said they didn't know who he was they didn't know who he was he was unidentifiable and we couldn't deal with it so in the days of rabang gamil who was the N of the Sanhedrin they instituted a 19th brah that God should pick up the tab and eradicate them can you imagine what are we talking about eradicating a group of is that's what we're doing to eradicate totally annihilate them we can't do anything about them so who are they they were a major danger major danger for the future of how did we ultimately ultimately conquer the concept of the schmad of the early Christians so this has to do with and I'm referring now to another great and Scholar SCH Lyman SCH Lyman from Yale University big and he wrote about the fast of the ninth of Tate the nth of Tate what happened to the nth of Tate I know about the 10th of it's a fast day but the says something about a fast of the nth of so what happened we don't know what happened on that day I'm telling you when you see a line like that the word censorship just blurts out we may forget things because that's who we are at our age where did I put the keys right so that's you don't have to feel bad happens to all of us we forget things we all forget things right the fine that we forget butel doesn't forget anything the national memory of we are a nation of Z 10 things we remember remember remember to say that there's a fast in the calendar on the 9th of we don't have a clue what happened L that's a quote out of we didn't know what mean we know so lman writes a whole stickle it's based on a hypothesis where he was the person who suggested the hypothesis wasn't 100% right but at least was barking up the right tree and he tries to demonstrate that if today it's 2024 in the secular calendar which means what is year one is the beginning of the Krishna era era right the the phrase BCE actually means before the Christian era even though today we say before the Common Era because sometimes people don't like to use the word Christian so but it's CE the Common Era and before the Common Era fine so like we say today before Co after Co before 9 before 911 after 911 right before uh October 7th after October 7th so they markers storic markers there so what is year one Christianity takes over so is is is unfolds and so on so he makes aan that 2 224 years ago the nth of Tate fell out on December 25th December 25th ring a bell and he says that this was the fast it was the fast for Kad that we fasted on the day that the Christians have as a festival as the because we suffered so throughout the ages from Christianity now I actually try to work it out and it actually it comes out it it actually works out but says that's that's not really really what it is but he was this fellow was barking up the right tree that has something to do with Christianity and he saw something even more remarkable the trick that kazal used to try to derail Christianity from Judaism was was to plant one of ours into the hierarchy of leadership of the Christ of the Catholic church and they took somebody whose name was Shimon cfia who later becomes known as St Peter he ultimately becomes the pope he ultimately becomes the pope and his job was to sacrifice himself as a Jew and to and to become a Christian and to somehow move Christianity away from mainstream traditional Judaism for example the movement of Shabbat from the sth day to Sunday was done by Peter that's major that is Major that the day of Sabbath is not Shabbat Saturday but it's on Sunday the idea that there's no need any longer to observe the laws of kashrut because they were just bet mikdash concerns I mean the reformed Jews took the S as well but and therefore there's no need so you don't have to keep kosher anymore and basically you don't have to keep the rituals of Tor you just have to keep the social side of Torah that's it but not the rituals of Torah so this ultimately causes the derailment of Christianity from Bonafide authentic Judaism and it works and this shim Bena or Kea Al is a known Persona he dies when on the 9th of T and Amel decides to observe his yide in his honor for the heroism of sacrificing his life as a Jew to preserve Amel it's an amazing story so I didn't and and Professor Lyman brings a much supportive material to show that this is exactly what happened so it's going to blow you away completely put your seat belts on because I know someone's going to fall off their chair now according to some this Shimon ke or Ben is the author of that we say every shabas morning at the end of that's unbelievable now it's not 100% sure it's not 100% sure I I I actually went to Renu Google Google SCH right and some say that nishmat was authored by an and they bring some sources some ashkanazi sources the which is a Sid of Rashi students and some say that it was authored by somebody by the name of yit whose wife was Rifka and how what is the indication because we know that poetry in liturgy usually somehow they sign off by using either alet or their own name right so it is a so I'm going to do it now according to because it's going to work out well is the but then you have so you have and RKA and the idea was that and were now going to DAV but their names were married to a Rifka and so that's now it's also possible that it's dual authorship that that part of nishmat because and it ends with right before and then comes says but that's not part of it that was like a just a bridge and therefore is independent we say it in the morning without any fine so the um some say that that's that at some point in the middle of nishmat ends the authorship of shimun benf and this Mar to Rifka take over afterwards and where do you know this from we know this from the fact that um there's a reference to the name Shimon as well but it's reverse order now reverse order was also a technique on Shabbat morning follow the reverse alet as I go from t what comes afterwards those are all the end letters of me c right n right you have all this so you have that's probably the correct version but what you have it's corrupted but that's okay we corrupt a lot of things but it's the backwards Al it's called Tash so this you have in in the word in the Nish it it jumps backwards from a the shin of the of the of the so you have the name Shimon in reverse order from the end of the poem to the beginning it's interesting it's interesting so there's a possibility that Shimon but there are some who say it's the Tana or Prana shim maybe it was authored by shim so we don't know exactly who authored the nishmat according to one version it was written by this shimun Ben and he writes it as he's leaving am Isel and signing giving a gift to am Isel and basically saying goodbye very tragic no but he's a gibor he gave up his Nish he gave up his Nish you know in in he he was a gibor Lumi if if if L linman is correct on this this is the gibor Ultima I mean ultimate gibor for sure you have the whole scenario of Jewish children being saved by Christian families in Poland during the Shah it's a topic in itself ra from theim deals with this issue in kov is it permissible or not it's it's all sheer in itself they allow to do it but a lot of people did it some of those Jewish children were ultimately reclaimed and many were not and grew up as Christians one grows up as a Christian and he and is very very religious Christian Catholic Family and he goes to theological sto school and becomes a gal comes a a priest becomes a this a bishop he became the he be he could have become the pope he was a candidate he became the Cardinal in Paris came to Cardinal Paris and I'm talking about luster Cardinal ler Cardinal L has a brother who lives in Tel Aviv has a second cousin Arnold LGA from New Jersey who wrote the R's books imagine wonderful wonderful put out a lot of the RS for and and this cardal my friends in who come from Paris reported to me that once a year cardal in civilian clothing comes to sh to say Kadesh for the yard side of his father this man was a a candidate to be the pope of Rome the Pope in Rome can you imagine and he still didn't forget his Jewish Heritage and felt that because of kav that he had to say Kadesh and he didn't come in his you know you know Garb I'll digress I mean Dr Belin the second President of University was once had a dinner with Cardinal Cushing from New York City and they were sitting together and because there was Jewish leaders what pushing so Boston so it was cardal Spelman so it's cardal Spelman so they were sitting together at this dinner and because it was also Jewish leaders and national leaders and religious leaders the whole dinner was kosher so do so Cardinal Spelman tells Dr felin they were sitting next to each other says you know isn't this wonderful the spirit of The ecumenical council the two of us sitting together at a kosher meal so Dr Belin says yeah there's only one difference says you're wearing a red yamaka and your institutions in the black I'm wearing a black yamaka and my institutions in the red I heard this from Raba Lou Bernstein he told us this m so you have this possibility of shim authoring the nishat and you know what you have inish among other things towards the end of it towards the end of it where it says okay now in the continuation you have these what you have now is basically what M raenu says as being the um the the introducing the Shem AEM in Kim in nicknames by m we have it in I already mentioned that the whole that that some of the they restored but Daniel didn't want to say it and didn't want to say it because was trampling on the mikash and was in is really is he really but finally the restored it all and fine so we have that where do you have where is that from it's in the it's by it's with it says God is exalted the the the the Creator the K the owner owner of sh okay so we have in the continuation all of these [Music] forms and then there and then so the poem takes into consideration these nicknames of all in preparation of I mean this is still part ofra you don't get to Shak was so this is the tail end of on Shabbat of this so what does it say that's what it says in and shows that the original of aot was not and the question was why was it changed and there are two places that it wasn't changed it was never changed in we still say it and Friday night after we have where it's like an abbreviated something and the says and we say that's not a bona the doesn't have to have his feet together and does not bow down by the of Frank wrote old Chu about this that it's just to but just for for latecomers to come to SCH but it's not a at all and it doesn't have the afterwards it just ends mes and sayses and that's the end of that so therefore you don't have to have to ceremoniously bow by it's not a at all so it's so there we still preserved the old and apparently there was no reason to change the main so why was the main changed first of all the main was more famous than the Friday night or the and there was a reason that the censors changed it because there's a med in on that it refers to that gave abuan ownership as if he created the world oo so has Partners look at that and Christianity there's there's the father and the Son and the Holy Ghost right thees so there's partnership why does the Raman believe that Christianity is idolatry as opposed to Islam because of the Trinity this is the Trinity he felt it's called means partnership so if you think that is there absolutely but there are other powers in the world that control ra says that's and that's why he was against astrology astrology the ra makes a big difference between astronomy the study of the celestial bodies ra says it's a Mitzvah to study astronomy and astrology he says it's a if you look at he says it clearly astrology believes of course there were many who disagreed with the r on this like the ramban the ramban says astrology is is a k it just doesn't affect am Isel affects the go affects the go but not us we're we're Beyond astrology but he believed that there was some K in astrology R says it's complete false falsehood and and it's and it's a but um so so to think that there's a that this Kosh and this partnership the mere thinking of it because that's not what Kaz meant when they said that Ru has ownership like let's use the word in the stock market shares in the created world so he's like like a Creator it's like he's like a Creator but they never meant to say that created the world that created the world they never meant to say that but you can easily enough slip on this one so they said let's get that kesa my VAR out of the so instead of just saying K God owns everything they wanted to separate the con from the description of from the biblical description of so they threw in so causes AA an interruption right and there was some who had the GE not VI it's something else something else but we say VI but this is fascinating that you have this is from comes out of's page and then come the sensors and distort it deliberately so that nobody should make a mistake and this is what happens if you look at source number seven again not the not the get that word Mish out get that word out because the word schmad is going to remind the Romans what happened because they knew the word that we were using and that's why there are many MIM about Christianity is yesu and they changed the yud and they wrote Aon so now it's not yesu it's asav ah it's a about as it's we didn't mean you guys we didn't mean you it's something else don't get don't get nervous and why was this happening because the Christians took converts and they brought them to the Vatican to to and and you know that they they they they stole you know manuscripts of C Kadesh and brought them to Rome and had Jewish converts go over them who knew the material they were Benet Tyra right and to to to highlight the anti-christian things and this would be a a good reason for a prrum because they they were very moral people the CH Christians and they needed some solid basis to kill Jews so they had to do that's why it was dangerous to have these things in the writings and that's why they were uh changed and that's why one of the great sources of Jewish text that were before the the um the the censorship got their way in the printing is the Vatican and in 1963 Pope John the 24th or 23rd or 24th I don't remember already and he was the one who invited Jewish Scholars to come to Rome the medical Council invited is to check out these books and you can photograph them you can do a a a a microfilm of it can't take it out but you can microfilm it and there are many many C KES in America here in ER that were published based on the corrected texts that were found in the Vatican we're still waiting for the clay KES of the beta mikdash okay that rightor says that rosi one of the tanim he and I saw the of the and it says straight because there was if the and the Shem hasem was a little higher than the kodes I said no no I saw it that's one line I saw my own eyes and RL senior was at the pope at Pope John Paul II and he said can I see that SIDS no I'm sorry we don't have anything he didn't he just didn't want to agree maybe what maybe it's better maybe it's better yeah yeah yeah you know who once said you know belief of the mashia period is one of the most essential Central beliefs in is but if it happens that was leitz but I do not subscribe to that line at all okay so we we touched the subject of censorship and next week we'll maybe touch a little bit more but then go on on the some other topic okay