Daf Yomi Shabbos Daf 125 by R’ Eli Stefansky

the way here, my computer fell out of my hands. The good news is I was able to grab this plate. I had it seriously. I didn't realize what I was holding. Two things just came out, so I grabbed the plate, my computer fell down and broke. So, that's the good news. I got the plate, baruch Hashem, unharmed. Um So, that's why we're a couple minutes late. So, min Hashamayim, we don't we're not supposed to finish the daf today. Today's shiur is being sponsored by Yossi Klein from Superior Plumbing in Monsey. Thank you for all you do for klal Yisrael. He actually just sent an email the other day. Maybe I'll read it later. Uh that he wants to host the siyum in Monsey, represent Monsey. So, we're going to be discussing that. We have to come up with a plan, and we'll divvy it up. We have a very appropriate email, just one email just for today because today is Shiva Asar B'Tammuz. I received this email a couple days ago from Lev. You probably remember him. He's in the process of giyur in South Africa. Dear Rabbi, I felt your tears this morning. The whole pandemic has been very a very big learning curve for me in terms of Yiddishkeit. The day I can go back to shul, I will treat the shul with more reverence and awe, and be more appreciative and grateful. Sorry. Better? I must confess of two of my sins. I'm a very foolish person. I could never Lev is he's on YouTube every day. I mean on Zoom. You could see him. He's there. He's he's a great guy. Listen to what he says. He can never relate to Tisha B'Av. I never understand the mourning of the Beis Hamikdash and could never relate to it. Why I say I'm a foolish person? Because I've never wanted Mashiach to come because it's not in my interest. I still want He's saying a very good ta'anah. I still want to complete my conversion, learn Torah, find a shidduch, stand under a chuppah and get married, and raise children in the ways of Hashem, and have grandchildren, great-grandchildren who follow Hashem, and I myself would like to become a talmid chacham. I know if Mashiach comes, this can never happen. May Hashem forgive me for this. I can never mourn the Beis Hamikdash because I never understood the concept of it and its rev relevance. But now Hashem has taught me this through lockdown. Shuls have been closed, and there are no minyanim anymore. Life was a paradise in Olam Haba before lockdown. Every day we went to shul before work, and after work we came back to shul and stayed late for learning, and at night we would learn the daf. Now that everything has stopped, I'm heartbroken. I can now understand why the rabbis mourn the Beis Hamikdash and why they want Mashiach. If going to shul brings such joy. Listen to this. Guy from South Africa. Going to shul brings such joy. I can only imagine what having a Beis Hamikdash feels like. Based on this, I no longer care about serving my own self and interest, religious and spirit inspirations, and I want Hashem's I want Hashem's will, and I pray that things should go back to normal and go back to shul and for one day to see Mashiach and rebuild the Beis Hamikdash. Lev, you have a valid email. All right. We have a lot of work, but be'ezras Hashem, by tomorrow we'll be caught up. Very short daf. So, we learned the Mishnah that if you have a kli that broke, so we have a machlokes what exactly need to do. Let's see if I have that picture. According to the Tanna Kamma, you don't have to use that kli, the broken piece, for the original use. Even if it has some other use, like you could plug up a a bottle It could be a bottle cap that's also good enough for a kli, and according to Rebbi Yehudah, it has to be valid. It has to be kli for the same exact reason it started out. So, if it's a bowl, you have to be able to put some cereal in it, something. You can't just say, "Oh, it's a bowl, and I'm going to use it for a a bottle cap." Says the Gemara like this. We're holding by Gemara Omer Rebbi Yehudah Mishmuel machlokes kuf kaf dalet amud beis by the Gemara. Today's daf is kuf kaf hei amud alef. It'll be a nice if we turn the page. That's where we That's our goal. Omer Rebbi Yehudah Mishmuel machlokes she nishberu me'erev Shabbos. The whole machlokes is when did this bowl plate break? Erev Shabbos. The mar sover Rebbi Yehudah holds me'ein melachto in me'ein melacha acheres lo. It has to retain its same purpose. U'mar sover, otherwise, if it doesn't retain the same purp the same melacha, then it's not a kli anymore. It's a broken vessel. It loses its shem kli. U'mar sover, af ilu me'ein melacha acheres, it's not true. Chachamim say, even if it can't do exactly the same thing as it did before, it's still a kli. A kli is a kli. Avel nishberu b'Shabbos. So, this is the hava amina of the Gemara. If it broke on This is because it broke before Shabbos. But if it broke on Shabbos itself, de'ei hu kamutaran. Why? If it broke on Shabbos, hu muchan agavim mutar. Since Shabbos came in, and it was a kli, it was part of a kli. So, yes, it broke, but I don't lose a shem kli over Shabbos. That's what the Gemara understood. Most of Reb Zutra, he Reb Zutra asked, masikin b'keilim. It says that on Yom Tov, you could use So, you have here. This is a wooden kli, right? I got something wood from home. Baruch Hashem, it saved. It didn't break like my computer. I'm allowed to take this, toss it into a fire on Yom Tov. Ve'ein masikin b'shivre keilim. If this piece broke off, so I cannot use this for fuel, for firewood. Why? Because this is muktzeh. Everybody agrees that this little piece is muktzeh. I can't do anything with it. Says the Gemara, "D'nishberu eimas?" Let me ask you a question. When did it break? You're telling me that in our Mishnah, it broke before Shabbos. So, what about here? D'nishberu eimas? Eilu me'erev Yom Tov. If it broke on erev Yom Tov, it's ba'al minyan. What is the problem? What's wrong with this? This is firewood like any other firewood. Ela la b'Yom Tov. It must be that it broke on Yom Tov. U'ktani masikin b'keilim ve'ein masikin b'shivre keilim. Yet it says you cannot use this. Now, in other words, we don't say the concept that, "Oh, if it broke on Shabbos, it's muchan agavim." We said before that in our Mishnah, it seems like if it broke on Shabbos, this is considered a kli. Why? Because when Shabbos came in, it was one kli, and just because it broke, the the name kli remains on it. All of a sudden now on Yom Tov, the name kli doesn't remain on it? There's no man d'amar that holds that according to you. Says the Gemara, "You're right. Therefore, I have to switch our Mishnah to make sense of that Mishnah." Ela idmar achi idmar. Omer Rebbi Yehudah Mishmuel machlokes b'she nishberu b'Shabbos. Where is machlokes Rebbi Yehudah and Chachamim when the kli broke on Shabbos? Rebbi Yehudah says this is not considered a kli, this broken piece, unless it can function as its original function and function as a plate or as a bowl. The mar sover, the Tanna Kamma holds muchanu. At the end of the day, when Shabbos came in, this little piece was part of a kli. So, this little piece doesn't lose its name kli over Shabbos. U'mar sover, nolad. Says Rebbi Yehudah, there's a new halacha called nolad. Nolad was born today on Shabbos. This little piece was part of a kli. But this little piece broke on Shabbos. It became a new kli. Before, it was part of a plate. Now, it's only good, let's say, to scrape something. So, it's it's a new kli. It was created today on Shabbos. Uh anything that's created on Shabbos is Rebbi Yehudah is nolad, was born, and a born thing is is muktzeh. We're going to see Reb Shimon argues on him, but Rebbi Yehudah holds it's muktzeh. If it's muktzeh, I cannot use it, and I cannot on Yom Tov also. I can't throw it into the fire cuz it's muktzeh. Avel me'erev Shabbos. So, the exact reverse of how we started the sugya. In the beginning of the sugya, we said on Shabbos there's no machlokes. Now we're saying on erev Shabbos there's no machlokes. De'ei hu kamutaran. Why? Hu muchan l'melachto u'l'melacha acheres lo. piece now became a piece of firewood before Shabbos, and then may like could touch it on Shabbos. Tani chada on Yom Tov. Tani chada masikin b'keilim ve'ein masikin b'shivre keilim. So, let's just say this outside real quickly. Very simple sugya. We have Rebbi Yehudah we just mentioned. Rebbi Yehudah holds this little piece is called nolad. So, according to Rebbi Yehudah, this large kli is not muktzeh on Yom Tov. Why? I could take this and throw it into the fire. I could toss my wooden bowl into a fire. This, on the other hand, according to Rebbi Yehudah, is 100% muktzeh because this is called nolad. Now, we have another man d'amar. Reb Shimon says this is not muktzeh, obviously. And this is not muktzeh. If this is not muktzeh, certainly the big one is not muktzeh. Why is this not muktzeh according to Reb Shimon? Reb Shimon doesn't hold of muktzeh. He's very lenient in muktzeh. He holds of muktzeh, but he doesn't hold of the concept nolad. Nolad is not muktzeh. So, this is not muktzeh. So, I could toss this into the fire on Yom Tov. Now, we have a third shita that even this big kli, it you're not allowed to toss it into the fire Yom Tov. What could be the reason for that? This is Reb Nechemia. Reb Nechemia, as we had yesterday, the day before, any kli must be used only for its original designation. Now, this is designated to eat from, not to toss into the fire. Says Reb Nechemia, "I have no permission to lift this up and toss it into the fire because that's muktzeh right now. You could pick it up and bring it to the table to eat, but you cannot pick it up and put it into the fire because it's not its original shimus. Let's see the Gemara inside. Tani chada." So, we have a three-way contradiction in the braisa. One braisa says masikin b'keilim. What are you showing me? Mazel tov. Gary got my computer to work again. Brand new as if nothing happened. We have Gary. Unbelievable. What a shame. I could hear you. What? You have something intelligent to say? That's amazing. It's amazing you could hear you. It's it's great. You should know that somebody told me yesterday that when we went back to the base of marriage he stopped watching zoom. Why? Because we don't have Avi, he tells me. That's what he like, what? You like those comments in the middle? He goes, yeah, I like I like the you were talking to zoom when you're home, you're talking to zoom. When we had Avi, we had no one. You go to be smart, you ignore us completely on zoom. I'm not I said watch it later on YouTube. That's what he tells me. Okay. So Avi, people love you. Don't take all that criticism. You have to have thick skin when you're popular like Avi, people are going to go after you. So we have one brother says it says you could use this as firewood but not the broken pieces. That we said goes according to that the broken pieces not allowed. brother says you could say you could say you could say you could say you could say You could touch broken pieces. That's doesn't hold up my lord. There's no time you the third one. You must be seeking like you must be seeking like You just gave me a look like how could that be? How could this be on your the answer is You are the one that holds that if I move any clay it must be moved only for its original designation for its original usage and since you want to throw a perfectly good clay into the garbage into the fire like a big default it looks like in the background there's a big fire that's a big fire. So that is also to do. I need I need to tell you You have these stones, bricks. You're on a construction site. Building is finished. Left over material. You're allowed to move them on shabbos. Why? The misgaliu. Because they are to sit on. I can make a chair. You going back in the day, you know what I'm saying? They didn't have these comfortable chairs. A nice stone is perfect. Even though it's like this size, so it's a good chair. Once you pile them up nicely, then then he's showing hey, he's taking it to the next building site. This is not a chair anymore. This is a a proper stone also to move. Small piece of earthenware. What can I do with this? Well, in the I have many usages for it. I have a lot of bottles that need caps here like in this picture. So any piece of earthenware I can use right over here to to cover a bottle. Great. So he says in the name of this is a law. What are you going to do in a very large street like our streets? Then it's not no bottles laying around, no purpose for this. Mukta. In other words, he changes between place and place. Sorry. No water today. I will be so argues on and he says, hey, I can use this if I'm sitting around in the with my buddies on a bench and there's some nice spit on the ground. I'll take this piece and cover the spit so it's nice for us. Rather comes along and says that logically, forget about the usage. Logically, if this is a good clay in my backyard, so clay is a clay is a clay. I don't care if I take this clay If you take a pen, a pen is a is a proper clay in the office. So you take it it's not a clay anymore. This is rather doesn't make sense. There's some problem. As soon as you get up, there's issues. You can move slower, it's not a problem. We'll wait. Yeah. Beautiful story. The brother was walking says the name of the street says it's a marketplace like he's walking on the street in the in his city. His shoes got full of mud. That was the thing, you know, they didn't have paved roads. Listen, this is one of the jumps, grabs a piece of like this, a sharp thing, grabs shoe, starts scraping off the mud. Nothing's changed everybody says. It's the same thing today. I'm saying the ON THE BACKGROUND SHABBOS SHABBOS. THIS IS RATHER the other He's not saying anything to this brother. They said they come and scream shabbos. They're screaming. He said beautifully let me style it it's not bad enough that you never learned in your life. You also teaching other people your that you don't know. Unbelievable. So he explains to them. If we were in a backyard in a courtyard in the front yard, me have a no no this little piece is good to cover something. How can I have you do this? So this is a clay. If there's a clay I don't care I'm in a just a rabbin. Go ahead, use it. It's a clay for me. Remember this line. Somehow we have to What's the line? It's not enough that you don't know anything. You teach other people your your your scream shabbos like this. Read this. Just read these words with a translation. See that's not so partial. means a barrel lid means that it broken to shreds. That's not the the is the lid is 100% intact. The harvest is all. So let's read it again. A lid of a barrel that the barrel broke into pieces. That's not the regular meaning. He's forced to say this. So the lid you're allowed to carry it, you're allowed to move it on shabbos. I would think since it has no usage, it's a bottle cap that the bottle disappeared. The bottle is broken. So what am I going to do with a bottle cap? Imagine you open up a bottle of wine one of these not the fancy bottles. The one that have a a removable what do you call it? cap. Screw a screw screw top. Thanks. You remove it and then all of a sudden the bottle falls on the floor and breaks. Now what are you going to do with this screw top? Nothing. It's garbage. Has zero purpose right now. So I think the same thing. This this lid has no purpose now. You're allowed to move it on shabbos. I'm walking. Again the barrel broke. He moved the shabbos. You're allowed to move the carry all the broken pieces of the barrel. Why? Says says the brother and don't take that piece of broken barrel and and smooth it out. You want to make it a nice smooth cover for something. That's called make it a also. Now I'm going to put this on the as a shim for my bed. if I took this this barrel cover and threw it into the garbage can? By me throwing in the garbage can, I just made it into mukta. I I reduced it from a clay to a non clay by putting in the garbage. Putting in the garbage I just said I just stated to the world I don't want this anymore. If I throw it out to the garbage I throw it If I take my shirt and throw it into the garbage how can I do this? I just take my shirt because I I announced the world that I don't want it anymore so it became garbage. My garbage is somebody else's shirt. Oh, why is that why is that a how did I remove the name of a clay from it by putting in the garbage? Now read this together with me and tell me how you learn shabbos. Hello my papa. If I threw it out to the garbage I threw what out? The the the shirt that we're talking about? The cover that we're talking about. Why? Because you're looking in the school. Why? So so let me okay great. So you looked you looked in the school. I appreciate that. So if you throw the cover out into the garbage before shabbos, it's not a clay anymore. And what if I threw a shirt out into the garbage on shabbos? What's the law? So because you have to be because the says that if I throw the cover into the garbage, the cover is not a clay anymore. Much from the school that if I throw a shirt into the garbage shabbos, it remains a shirt. Only a cover doesn't remain. In fact, that's what says the God from this. So it doesn't work if I throw a shirt into the garbage even on Thursday, it's still a clay. I can't take a perfectly good hammer and throw it into the garbage can and say, oh, it's not a clay anymore because I threw it in the garbage. It's a hammer. I don't care where you put it. It's a hammer. So if I take a shirt and throw it in the garbage, it's still a shirt. Now, a big enough gamira for us lahalacha let's say a Coke bottle. I'm done with the Coke bottle. So, if I throw it out on Friday, so I'm saying it's not a clay anymore. But on Shabbos, I cannot reduce it into a non-clay, so it remains a clay. But here's what's very, very interesting. I found this fascinating. What about a plastic cup? A plastic cup on Shabbos. I drank from it. I'm done with it. It's on the table. My wife is about to take that disposable tablecloth and throw it into the garbage. What halacha does this plastic cup have? Is it a clay or is it done? I'm done with it. It's garbage. Machlokes Reb Zalman Auerbach and Reb Elyashiv. Reb Elyashiv says, "Since bishas hachak, if I run out of dishes, I don't have anything, I could take that plastic cup and give it a nice rinse, and I know people that do it." They say safe. In fact, I'll tell you this maiseh. I I actually came prepared with this cuz when I was reading it as I remembered a great maiseh. It's a very long maiseh. I'm not going to say it cuz we're very, very short on time, but it's a great maiseh. There was a guy that actually was able to get to me, a Yerushalmi guy. My father told him to come to me and he My father asked me if I could open up the door for him at I forgot what time, maybe 8:30 at night or something. And at 2:00 in the morning, the guy was still in my house, refused to leave. So, what happened was that his wife was dying from cancer, and his daughter was getting married in a month or something, whatever, something like that. I remember he had no money, and he's a rebbe, a very popular rebbe in Beit Shemesh. So, he said I So, then he left. I said, "Okay, I'll help you out." So, he left, and then I realized, "Wait a minute. It's like 2:00 in the morning." I said, "How are you getting home?" He goes, "I'll walk." But he lives, you know, miles from my house. So, I drove him home. That was a big mistake cuz when I got to his house, he said, "You have to come into my house." So, I came into his house, and I couldn't believe it. He took me into his bed into the kids' bedroom, and this wasn't prepared. And this is what I have a picture of. I took a picture. This is a picture that I made $50,000 with cuz I went the next week to America. I decided, "Okay, I'm going to help this guy out." I flew to America with Mayor Koenig, and we collected money. In 3 days, he collected $50,000 for this guy with this picture. Here's the picture. It's eight children. Well, in the picture, you only see six. Here's a child in a stroller. That's how they sleep. Here's three boys in one bed. 1 2 3. This is how a Yerushalmi family lives. So, I took this picture, and people couldn't believe it, and they gave the money, and it turns out that the wife was nifter right before the wedding, 7 days before the wedding. During shiva, I think, that was the wedding. What? So, why am I saying this story? Because it's a very long story. But they asked me to do sheva brachas for him after I raised the money and everything. So, I did sheva brachas in my house. And I'm done with the sheva brachas. We took all the We bought very nice dishes, you know, chat pami, disposable dishes. Threw it all out. He says, "Uh-uh-uh, we don't do that." He went to the garbage and took all the garbage out, all the dishes, all the plastic and everything and everything, and he brought it home dirty, and he washed rinsed it out, and he tells me that he has a gemach for these dishes. These are so beautiful, these dishes, even though they're they're chat pami, they use it in his neighborhood. So, says Reb Elyashiv, going back to this, says Reb Elyashiv that if it's a chat pami, it's a it's disposable dish, that I could wash it bishas hachak like that guy bishas hachak. So, therefore, it's considered a clay. For some reason, that went off. Every bell is and water tank is So, is Does that mean they don't hear me anymore? They do? Okay. But Reb Zalman Auerbach says, "Once you're done using it, it's garbage, garbage, even on Shabbos." Shalom. Okay. Says the Gemara top of kuf kuf hey. Im zarkam abei dyay lashpa asuro. If he threw it into the garbage, this thing into the garbage abei dyay, which reminds me of another story, but we don't have time. I'll say it anyways just to get Noam upset. Elchanan Fine Stone borrowed all my ski clothes. I hope he's watching. He's the guy that almost died from corona. We sang tehillim for him. He asked me if he could borrow my ski clothes. I said, "Yes." All my ski clothes, my goggles, everything everything everything. And then he comes back from ski trips. I call him up like 2 days later. I said, "Elchanan, can I have my clothes back? I have to go." He goes, "I gave it back to you." I said, "No, you didn't." He says, "Yeah, I put it in front of your door." It turns out he put it in a garbage bag in front of my door. So, my cleaning lady took the garbage bag and tossed it into the garbage. And there went all my ski clothes. Im zarkam abei dyay. So, I was moichel him Fine, I was moichel him when he was about to die from corona. I said, "Okay, fine. I'll be moichel you this time." Omer Reb Shmuel, your Now, your compu- Look, his computer just died. The funniest thing. He made my computer work, but it's working through my computer. Great. It is working, but just no screen. No screen. These computers, they're both the same computers, by the way. They they felt Omer Bar Hamduri Omer Reb Shmuel, says Bar Hamduri. Krumiyos shel machtzeles mutal tatum Shabbos. You have a reed mat, and parts of it fall out, little pieces. We're talking about broken pieces of keilim. You're allowed to move them on Shabbos mai ta'ama? Omer Rebba Bar Hamduri Azberli. Hamduri explained to me machtzeles gufan mai chazi. What do you do with a reed mat? Look, you see bei afra. Cover or something with it. Cover, let's say, there's waste on the floor, so you put dirt on it. You don't want the dirt to fly away. You cover it. Hadei nami chazi bei afra ulitnei fes. So, this these small pieces also are there to cover waste or whatever. Says the Gemara Omer Reb Zeira Omer Rav, shiyurei prizmei oyis asur tatum Shabbos. Rav says that if you have a tallis shel mitzvah, says Rashi, big enough gamira. It's not just a garment. It's a mitzvah clothing. In other words, I go to shul with it. So, the leftovers not allowed to move it on Shabbos. Meaning, it's a very Says the Gemara Omer Abayei ben Matlonya asheim ben Gimel Gimel, lo lechazin lelanim velelashim. We're talking about very small uh pieces of the tallis that are less than three fingers by three fingers. Even a poor person throws it out. However, what Rashi's trying to say here is that since it's a tallis shel mitzvah, you don't do things with it. But let's say it's another type of clothing, you would be able to use it less than three by three to to to wipe something down or whatever. Tanu Rabbanan, shivrei tanur yashan haram kechol hakeilim mutal tatum Shabbos. So, now we're going into a sugia of tanur. So, in those days, just to explain what's going on here, in those days, they took a cylinder of earthenware. It was open on the top, open on the bottom, and they put it on the ground, and they would put clay all around the bottom, so it was one with the ground. Now, you throw some coals into the bottom of the cylinder. The coals are laying on the ground. Lo meshaneh. All the heat is stuck in the cylinder because you already put clay on the bottom of it. And then you put food on the top or bread on the sides, like like this picture. Put bread on the side. It's not important what you do. The issue is whether or not the heat is contained in the cylinder. So, if it's on the ground and you put clay, it's contained. There's another way to do it, and that is you You have a hole in the ground, and you put this cylinder in the hole in the ground. Now, many times, the hole in the ground is slightly larger than the cylinder. So, you have to put it in a shim made out of a stone. You put in a shim. This red guy is a shim. But what does that mean? It means that all around the the top surface, there's room for the heat to to escape. So, it's not really giving you It's not delivering the full amount of heat because it's not a pure It's not a good seal on top. So, says the Gemara, shivrei tanur yashan. Tanur yashan just means that if you took this piece of earthenware, it's not a real oven until you heat it up for the first time. We know that, right? What happens when you heat it up for the first time? It hardens, it becomes a clay. So, yashan in this It doesn't mean it's 25 years old. Yashan means it's past that stage of hardening. It's In other words, it already had hesek rishon. It was already heated up one time. Shivrei tanur yashan haram kechol hakeilim mutal tatum Shabbos. So, if you have broken pieces, so says Reb Meir De Reb Meir, Reb Meir says these pieces, you could do whatever you want. You could cover bottles with them. It's part of a clay, and the clay remains a clay even though it broke. So, I could use it for bottle caps. Reb Yehuda Omer, einam talin. No. So, the Gemara is going to explain what the machlokes is. Reb Yehuda says you cannot move them. They are muktzeh. Heid Reb Yehuda ben Shmuel Reb Yehuda ben Yaakov. Who's Reb Yehuda ben Yaakov? Kavanaki. Mishnas Kavanaki all over shas. Whatever he says is perfect, that's the halacha. So, if you have a testimony from him, it's good stuff. Heid Reb Yehuda ben Shmuel Reb Yehuda ben Yaakov al shivrei tanur yashan she einam talin beShabbos. Like Reb Meir, that you could move them on Shabbos. Val kisuyo ven al halid she eini tzorich beisiad. You're able to to move the the path, the the the oven cover. We'll have a picture of it tomorrow. Without a handle. You don't need a picture for this, but you don't need a handle. I'm able to move it from the side. I don't need a a handle. I could pull pick it up without it. Bemai kamai palgi? What's going on here? What's the machlokes? Omer Abayei be einam lach ve einam oisim melacha keman keman melacha keman palgi. Perhaps this is a machlokes whether, like Reb Yehuda says, leshitasei, it has to be able to perform the same halacha that it performed before. Now, this this this tanur is broken. The Reb Yehuda letamei. A R. Yehudah is the shittah that once it breaks, now it becomes something new. Something new is called noilad. Noilad is a muktzah. R. Meir the tanur And he says, "No, R. Meir All of a sudden, we call him R. Meir. If you notice, in the beginning of the sugiyah, he had no name. But R. Meir When it Who argues with R. Yehudah all the time in shas? It's R. Yehudah and R. Meir. So, when you have a stam mishnah, it's R. Meir arguing with R. Yehudah. So, over here, here's his name. R. Meir the tanur R. Meir is the chachamim or he is chachamim who say that this piece of earthenware it since it could do something else, it remains a kli. Maskif lo Ravo. E hachi, we have to remember this question cuz the Gemara is going to go back to this question and answer it. Why is their machlokes about an oven? It's a complicated sugiyah. Oven in the ground, not in the ground, we'll see soon. But it's an oven. Just say any kli in the world, forget oven. Why are you limiting this machlokes to an oven? There's many other kelim called bowls and plates and everything else that's made out of earthenware. Elo amar Rava bishvilei dehai tanur kamifligei. There's a machlokes in something completely different in this sugiyah. We start explaining it. This not Mishnah al pi avo, al pi dos. If you take this cylinder and you put it on top of a pit, in other words, it's an extension to my cylinder. Here's my cylinder in gray and it extends lower down for whatever reason. Venasan sham even and I wedged a stone between my cylinder and the wall and the dirt. Here's the red stone for demonstration purposes. R. Yehudah omer, im masik milamata v'nisik milama'alah, tamei. If I put a flame on the bottom and whatever I put on top becomes is cooked. What if I go away for four days and my bread is still raw? So, the flame didn't do anything. V'im lav, tahor. This oven doesn't have a name of a kli and it's tahor. R. Yehudah says, "Any makom tamei." It doesn't matter. Any way you use it, if it's becomes tamei, you'll be kamifligei b'kora. So, the machlokes starts from this pasuk. That what? It says in the pasuk uh tanur d'chireim yutatz. You have to break. I like the the There's a very nice word in the ArtScroll and they translate demolish. And that's a beautiful word. Why? Cuz the demolish is not breaking. I translated myself yutatz to break it, demolish. To completely obliterate it. God. So, if you have an oven and it became tamei, a sheretz has touched it, it it's earthenware. What do you do with earthenware? Nothing. There's no mikvah, there's nothing. Yutatz, demolish it. T'meim heim u't'meim yulachem. They are now This concept, says the Gemara, of demolishing something is when it's attached to the ground, I could demolish something that's attached to it. What do you do? You demolish a house. I don't know that you demolish a cup, a glass cup. The word "demolish" doesn't work so well. That's why I like the word. You demolish, yutatz, fits in very well. Says R. Yehudah, when it's attached to the ground, it's part with the ground. Heim u't'meim lachem. R. Yehudah says, "I'm machshir nitza tamei." So, if it's part of the ground, then it's tamei, it's mekabel tumah. She'eino machshir nitza tahor. If it's not it's not part of the ground, then it's not a kli. In other words, it has to be mechubar to the ground. R. Bonan says, "Any makom yulachem, mikol makom." Either way, it doesn't have to be mechubar, it's mekabel tumah. Asks the Gemara, "R. Bonan, if you say yutatz, what do they do with this very powerful word, demolish?" Mashma that it's on the ground. Amar R. Elazar b. Yakov R. Bonan said the exact opposite. They're saying any kli, any tanur is considered a kli even if it's attached to the ground. Not only attached to the ground, even even if it's attached to the ground, demolish it. Says the Gemara, "The sole k'dei l'chaminah. Why why would they say this? Why do you need a word for it?" The keilim chareim b'aretz guvei d'adamah. Maybe it's not an oven at all. It's connected to the ground. So, the ground can't become tamei? So, it's part and parcel of the ground, part and parcel of the ground. No tumah. Kamashma says the pasuk, it's still an oven, still mekabel tumah. V'il chanam yochif t'meim yulachem. Like it's mashma anyway. Acha k'dei R. Yehudah u'Shmuel d'amar R. Yehudah u'Shmuel, machlokes b'hezek rishon. The whole machlokes is by when you light it up for the first time, you harden it for the first time. b'hezek sheini. But once it's hardened and it's a kli, afilu talui b'tzavar gamal, it's it's just a it's a mashal. In other words, it's suspended in midair. How? On the on the neck of a of a camel. Whatever the You can suspend it on anything. So, since it's even if it's suspended in the air, since it was already it had a hesek rishon, it was already hardened, it's already a kli, then it's mekabel tumah. Amar R. Yehudah, b'hesek rishon d'R. Bonan afilu talui b'tzavar gamal. So, according to R. Bonan, no, it's mekabel tumah even by the first hesek. You don't need a hesek rishon to be mechubar l'karka. Maskif lo Rashi. E hachi, ad d'mifligei bishvilei tanur lifligei b'tanur gufa. So, why are we talking about broken a broken oven? We have a machlokes in oven itself. How do you make an oven? Has hesek rishon? Do you need a hesek rishon? Not So, the whole machlokes is the oven itself, not nothing to do with broken pieces of the oven. Says the Gemara, "Hashata d'guf d'R. Yehudah l'havan man shvarim b'vaya." He says that a full oven, full-fledged oven that's not attached to the ground, you didn't have a good first uh hardening, then then it's not a it's not a it's not an oven. So, certainly broken pieces. Elo amar Rav Ashi, "Lo l'gabei amar mikar." So, we're going back to the first p'shat. We are talking about an oven, broken pieces of an oven. Now, you ask me then, so why are we talking about broken broken pieces of an oven? Talk about any broken piece of any kli, any any earthenware. Why do you pick oven? I'll tell you why we picked oven. There's a special chiddush here. U'v'eisa ma'aseh tapka. We're talking about he took a broken piece of oven. Here's a broken piece of oven uh illustrated in brown. And now he's baking bread on a flat surface. Yeah? Here are the coals underneath flat. So, what's the chiddush? R. Meir d'var av d'R. Yehudah. D'R. Yehudah kamar. Oh, I'm sorry. R. Meir d'var av d'R. Yehudah kamar. And R. Meir is talking to R. Yehudah. He's not machlokes. He's saying, "L'didi, afilu b'eisa meim lacha. I am the shittah that a a broken piece of earthenware doesn't have to function as its original use. It could function as any use. Forget about it. Of course, this is considered a kli." Elo d'doh, but according to you, that you say that it has to function. If a bowl breaks, you have to put a little You have to be able to put a little cereal in it. Okay, so what about this broken oven? Aren't you going to admit to me me o d'chachi gavnei m'lachto yu? Okay, it's a it's a shtikel sideways, a little crooked, but but it's performing its original melacha. I'm going to have nice lafa when I'm done. So, what's wrong with that? Says the Gemara, "R. Yehudah d'dami. No, it's not performing the same way." Hasam hesek mibifnim. Hacha hesek mibifnim mibachutz. Over there, the flame was inside. Here, flame inside the oven and over here, the flame is outside. Another problem is, I'm sorry, the the bread. The bread Look at the bread, it's inside the oven. Whereas over here, the bread is on top of the oven, right over here. Another problem is, hasam umad, hacha lav umad. Over here, the bread is standing up vertically. And over here, it's laying down. Not the same melacha. Amar R. Yehudah, d'mosif umacha'asev. Who holds who's Who's the one that says you're allowed to carry the the the tops of kelim, the covers of kelim, the lids of a kli? Deilo meisa chiza don't have a handle. That's the halacha always like R. Elazar b. Yakov that shivrei that a lid doesn't need a handle. Says the Mishnah, beautiful sugiyah. Ho even sheb'kiruya. So, the way it used to work is you have a pail, you're going to you're going to a well. Now, the pail if you think about it, if you put a pail into a well, it's not going to go into the water. It's going to float on the top. So, what they did was they put a little stone. Now, I'm not excited about this picture because over here, the stone looks like it's on the bottom of the pail. If you read Rashi and it makes a lot of sense, it seems like the stone is on the lid, on the top. And what that does is, it flips the pail over and then water goes in and then eventually straightens out. The way he depicts it here, not important. It just seems like very difficult for the pail to go in. You'd have to put a huge stone for it to pull the pail all the way down below the surface of the water. You know what I'm taking about? If you put the stone right over here, it would be a lot smarter and that's what Rashi says. The You put on the lid and then it it already tips it over, fine. That's not important for now. Sorry, if I'm over in the palace, if the stone is stuck in the in the in the in the cleat. So now a stone we said is my mother's go fight. It itself is inherently so so how do I make the stone not so? If it doesn't fall out of the so it becomes part of the pail. Then I can use it. If it falls out, you cannot use it. What about what about a twig? Here's a twig that grabs a pail. We just turned to that someone base sponsored by catering. So now the twig became part of the pail. You could use it on this. [Music] Here, beautiful picture. I have some sort of truce. What is this called in English? A shutter, very good. Shutter. So now you see how he drew it. If it's hanging by some sort of chain and it's ready to go in, it's all part of the house, great. But if it's sitting on the on the bottom like this, then it's no good. If it's suspended parking by that's not considered by now. Why? It's there like any shutter. You roll down the shades, whatever. I'm a parking lot. It's of the opinion that if it's sitting on the ground, not hanging, that's considered by now. I'm building my house. I'm closing up a wall. The boy who cares if it's hanging not hanging. Everybody knows why it's sitting there. It's there to close up the window. Not awesome. Evan So I have a similar to a choir. We have a barrel and on top of the barrel person put a stone. What's the law? I can take the barrel. Move it to the side. It's tilted on its side. The stone falls off. Better yet says Rashi, what if I'm scared that if the stone falls off it'll hit another barrel explode. So I lift the entire barrel up with the stone, move it to the side, then I tilt it and the stone falls off. We must remember this name says I'm in the name of rubber and rubber in the name of we had this many times before that this is only similar not exact, but that's if the stone was left there by accident. But if you put the stone there on purpose before not supposed to also now the barrel became a base to a stone and you know how to move the stone you know how to move the barrel. You can't tilt the barrel. And says in the name of so we have a rubber and rubber or rubber or rubber said what rubber said. Yes, this whole is only said when he forgot that matches the first rubber rubber rubber. I will be not kiss the office. He says the exact opposite. This stone becomes a cover to the barrel. I wanted it there. I put it there on purpose. I don't have a it's so good. It's it's a real it's a real cover to a to a barrel and therefore I can move it on this. Just lift it up. I don't have to tilt it. I can just take it off. It's a cover. Says rubber. Rubber is the one that says the first rubber or rubber or rubber or rubber or rubber that if you forget it if you put it there on purpose, it becomes a it's so good. Says rubber, I can ask you a question from our mission. I myself with what about a stone that's inside a pail in the oven in the palace. Now just said it's not part of it's it's why is it I have a stone on top of a it should be like a stone on top of a pail. If it's in a pail, I said it's not I can draw water. So why can I take the stone and then and then toss it or whatever. It's a not a good question. Look at this picture. As he only drew it so beautifully. There's a nice it's tied down nicely. This this ropes everywhere. So that's become part of the pail. But over here just a stone laying on top of a it's not part of the it's What about myself? I had a different rubber. I said that holds that it's the opposite of a it's becomes the cover of the barrel and therefore it's not at all. I can ask a question of myself from our mission. It says in love if it's not if it's a stone that's going to fall off out of the pail, I cannot draw water. It became part of we just said that it that the stone is not at all. How come the stone in the pail is so? It's not a good question. In the pail you didn't it's not it's not in there. So it's not right at all. What's going to happen as soon as you put it into the well, it's going to fall out of your pail into the bottom of the well. But totally back loss so you don't care about it. So it's still so. However, now case I'm using it right now to cover the the the barrel and therefore it's not so. I have to do something physical with the stone. I can't just put a stone on a barrel and say it's part of the but I look if I put it in a in a pail and I tie it down, that's a great so. That's about it. We had a similar so. Once came somewhere almost found a whole pile of stones. On Friday I want you to go out there and have in mind that we're going to use these stones as chairs. We don't and he didn't require them to do to take action physical action. So this is whether he made them take action. What was going on over there? So I'm going to go. He said go straighten it out. In other words, straighten it out so that tomorrow I shouldn't have to touch these stones so we could sit down without touching them. They shouldn't be so. Why? Because I can't I can't make them into chairs right now just by thinking about it. I need to take action. Take action. Wipe them down. Wiping down. Yes, it's very weak in terms of a a true action, but nevertheless it's an action and that action is enough to make these a chair. We're talking about a bunch of beams. No, this was in a a nice pole. We had this before. There's a like a beam that you that the guys on the on the boat the the front of the boat they stand and they want to see how deep the water is. Okay, that's like an expensive device. This which has value to it if said I could use this on with just a slight certainly a piece of wood from the lumber yard. Well, I don't know a few I will go that's an expensive boat device that you don't typically use and that would be on Have a wonderful day. Tell him please. Huh? What's his last name? Harry who? Hell? No, play play maybe. Hell, I don't know. Yeah. Harry shalom aleikum. [Music]