Daf Yomi Sanhedrin Daf 40 by R’ Eli Stefansky

[Music] good morning rap [Music] boy what's your name from where the give I spent two years of my life in that place huh the screens are not on okay get them on who else C is still here y' came last night ah unbelievable uh today's kids theme last night uh two young kids came and the father gave me this note I have this note at home now say little kid his father brought him here like till 11:00 at night it's like a took him a month to get here but they're here uh this is from Shi what no this is not him shi shi yakon from B says he waits for the sh every day but also his little kid 2-year-old every time he says what song shall he put on he says I want to hear the ah song so here goes re boyai [Music] [Applause] and another kid another 2-year-old although I don't always finish the da you never fail to infuse my day with in love for every Jew attached to the video of my 2-year-old daughter getting [Music] involved okay ysph shriber the famous yoseph shriber Josh sher's father used to come a lot here I just heard from my wife that when she served on a grand jury in New York state there were 23 Grand jurors hard to believe that this number is a Co incidence um today you mentioned y m the guy that went into the took out somebody else wrote this as well but doesn't hurt says he heard from his Rob I did in English gal this is no no no we got to know you know I'll tell you what we didn't tell me but that that's coming up soon this is Hill Boer H Boer never made a see him until he joined MD 3 years ago and you know I used to talk we I haven't mentioned in a long time but you could tell if a person never made a scene before if he could say real quick so here he goes he finished with us over 12 go from yes in the English year on Friday you finished on he started English year on there are about four lines of gar that were skipped between them that's a real boo boo nobody mentioned it and I only got one email about it I double check just now on the video I noticed at the time but it was not sure about it because of the Hebrew share and the Hebrew share did it in English not apologies hope this helps B Burger so boy say we going to go back it's going to be GMA cuz we have a little bit of a today those four lines enjoy what does it say over here oh let me just read this real quickly from Sean Zin unfortunately this has been a very tough year I was diagnosed with some terrible things I've spent the past year in and out of hospitals test treatments and more tests I just started with Sanhedrin but knew the signs from years ago I'm only 45 and have four younger children there were a few nights where I literally didn't know if I would wake up and and all night it couldn't breathe heart racing Etc I told my wife in the morning last year I told hem that the ruling in bz lato you can't let the guest carry on at night I expect bz Lala to at least have the same level of if I'm guilty of something and you want to take me get the verdict is still pending I guess but hopefully they can find some good Aiden for me and get to recount the original testimony will have good news and continue to learn to with you for many years to come send green blad from M New York learning the D of the rebell before Shak thank you for today that is and here from his grateful family started learning at age 70 the the Jewish people the Glen esterson with love and gratitude from Wilmington North Carolina thank you for enriching my life with in honor of Uncle thank you in honor of our oldest grandson remember he like in his 30s right here Ines it's two years already y Newman is a bigadic second yard was part of mdy art of the month for forell and the whole MD staff to continue to make t on so many and art of the month in honor of Y Klein and markazi for all the work they do we have Lightner who else do we have here that's it everybody else we have we have some oh no not a guest not a guest anybody else oh what's your name David David H from wood sh also I I consider landsman are you new last night last night that's right you are I know you also from the five towns Five Towns that's right okay say so let's we have to go back and finish the four lines on L we've never done this but there's always a first like 10 lines from the bottom 720 let's see let's enjoy this I did it on purpose if you know how to answer like then answer if you don't know how to answer don't answer don't mess it up I'll give you an example and said go up to is talking come up to me so this is incredible you never think of such an answer and it's again it's possible I'm just throwing this out there maybe it's a way to to to just push him away but you should know yeah you know what it's somebody else it's not hem it's mat it's the same name listen to this look at this mat is 314 check this out without any K or anything M 3:14 and Shak is 314 so my name is within him maybe we should worship Him don't exchange him yeah 10 L from the bottom so what good is he we don't even allow to be so said all right here we go we start a br now you could do do that for us we have a long Mion here it takes up the whole it's continuation of the previous peric we know that when you have witnesses you have to interrogate them what do you ask them there's and the are important you cannot mess up on the the you can mess up on how many work on the questions seven or three you're a guest no he's still a guest what's your name again from they would interrogate with seven different questions what are the questions so this is super interesting and gets even more interesting the Y is made out of 50 years 4950 years I want to know what part of the yil what seven years within the 50 years are you talking about is it this shita is the previous is it 49 years ago how long ago so first I need to know what part of the what what within the seven that are in a now now that I know which you're talking about give me the year not every time that somebody come and say it happened yesterday sometimes there's about something that happened 35 years ago B within that year I need to know what month what date of the month now because if I if I ask you let's say when wasis when was that last week when how what day anybody what were you doing kavis I ask you what was going on inis but if I ask you what were you doing on Monday last Monday you might know you might remember at a wedding this that Mondays so we ask a followup question Bas last week was a Monday but people don't really know dates they they they rather deal with the day of the week I guess B what hour B and what place so hours they used to know based on the sun okay so within the hour they could get it Bas m is super important because everything has to do everything has to do with could I be them could I bring a to prove that these are false and the number one thing is you with us in this in this place so is very important only three things do we ask them what day what time and where then we ask do you know the guy tra did you you warn him do you give him a so you tell a guy let's say you tell him uh if you do this and this if you you'll get Misa do you have to tell them what Misa you have to tell them what Mis you have to say you get SK if you don't say that boom let's say you gave him a and you said if you you get so he says okay I want to beab 5 minutes later is that asra good or you have to be a little closer it's 5 minutes too much huh what do you say Ari you learned many and you know the what do you say no this is crazy it has to be I was just thinking that it's not enough to say oh this guy did have a desar what name who what religion what what thing and how different ways these are how these areas now the more you do the merrier we had this already in our are the stems that come off here check this out you do you see the stems were the thicker ones were the thinner what's going on here what between question you have kakir in the kakir you have 10 a come forward we saw we saw a murder take place okay we start interviewing these a one of the a one out of the 10 says they ask him what day of the week was it and he goes I don't know so it says in the Mna is it referring to his the other guy who is B he doesn't know all 10 all 10 are bottled that's the answer all 10 if you cannot be ma him one cuz he doesn't know one of the seven questions you can't be am him any of them Bott two correct but now they're together they're in a group that's exactly what I'm saying that's the here two is enough but right now they're all together they lumped as a group and one of them is gone all of them are gone when it comes to if one says I don't know and even if two come come along and say we don't know there was only two aen and they both say we don't know they ask them how thick was the stem of the of the Fig we don't know okay it's not the end of the world it's a good but if they contradict each other let's say this one says it was a thicker stem this one says it was a thinner then do not contradict if you don't know you don't know that's okay but don't contradict one says was the second day of the month and the other one says was the third day of the month then it's okay why I could explain it away that this guy didn't know that was on a different day he didn't realize that they made a 30-day month he thought it was a 29 day month so that forat no no no I think it's just a just an example two three it could be no yeah people don't really about it when the last time you somebody about you know what dat is today right now in the month you don't know I don't think so I don't think it's da two and three but if the the difference is two days then it's B then there's no excuses you should have know if one guy says it happened two hours into the day so right now how many hours are we into the day right now one hour into the day like what that's is like 6:40 is so we're 1 hour into the day 1 hour so guy says it happened two hours into the day at uh 8:30 say 9 9:30 the further how far could they be from each other about 2 hours this guy can me say in the beginning of the second hour he says at the end of the third two hour difference if one says in the third hour of the day another one says five then it's too far away it's could be a three-hour difference then it's B says it's okay but one says five one says [Music] seven then there's no the sun is in the East you need to know this stuff should realize that the sun is in the west versus in the East comes very late to the wedding very late to the everybody's waiting everybody's upset what's going on here so he comes and he apologize he says listen says the Mish you make a mistake with hours can make a mistake with hours within within reason didn't like it so he went instead of putting him the front table he put him like with allatum the side so he says guy said I made a mistake I made a mistake he says no no no no no you can make a mistake about hours but you're not allowed to make a mistake between M that you don't make a mistake I heard that for those of you the r goes in the M yeah okay great so we interviewed one a you bring the next guy if everything lines we learned a lot of this is lot of everything lines up so now you start off everything to see if we can find them not guilty that's that's how you start not guilty in a capital case so let's think about what we learned said we learned this can one of the a testify on behalf of the defendant huh anybody remember no I'll remind you I remind you no can't the problem is that a Aid is he bias why CU if Aid you could be him you can put him to death if he sees that it's no good it's going in the wrong direction he finds out that the people are going to come and put him are going to be mm him so he's going to look for a way to get this guy out of the death penalty and then he won't be so he's of course he's going to want to find this once in a while he's going to want to find this that we learned we're doing Kar now oh this is what you meant if one comes I think I don't remember but I think it was like on top of somewhere if you're looking for it no for real where was it maybe not I don't know what oh Rashi says it if one of comes and says I something to find him guilty both we we shut up the aid the can't talk and the can't talk if the wants to bring a great not says I have a for this guy I can find him not guilty here this is just an example it doesn't mean one of all these T that is sitting here so he says he raised his hand I I have a reason to believe that he's not guilty we add another seat over there and we make him part of the now you have 24 this guy doesn't have it could be even it could be even it starts off uneven we saw that it could be even once in a while if one of the Adam says I don't know so we put him on the side and we add how many do we add two so it's even and he he sits there the entire day in other words he even if he's wrong we don't take him we live in there once he's up there we don't take him away if he's right about what he's saying seems like from the mishna that we listen to him we take his words into account he's one of the he he gets a vote although there some that say not like that ask what if the murderer himself says listen to me I have reason here I could prove to you I'm not guilty we listen to them he's not Hing in China he's real saying some good stuff and if they found a then the guy go Scot free if we can't find that he's not guilty so what do we do do this we learned also what does so I kept on saying he you sleep on it it's probably a mistake you have to erase what I said I said I misspoke I didn't get here I'm Aus seems like from the M you tell me I think I'm wrong I thought it means to sleep on it what it really means is wait the entire night sleep might not be what he does it says like this Z each person gets a you put them two two two and they go back and forth and they talk about it the whole day they don't eat that much they just Smo about the the case somebody's about to die here this is a capital punishment case this is terrible we got to be serious they can't drink wine drink wine you're not you're not thinking straight now according to you deliberate deliberate with who now with yourself so you're going to sleep it doesn't seem like you're going to sleep here you don't go to sleep you don't sleep on it there what does he say over there no it doesn't say that but but it says no you could say no he goes he goes early to the Bas real early 6:00 in the morning he at the bz usually a l of getting up in the morning usually yeah usually so explain explain what do in your dreams in your sleep what does it mean I would like to be right I would like to I am wrong yeah what Z there's no zus though oh you mean Arash okay so for sure they were up the whole night he says but it's you get up early you go to he said get up you go early to the bz we had the SL a lot of this we already brought theor brings from this Mission what I held he's not guilty and I continue saying he's not guilty I'm sticking with my guns I was always saying that he's guilty I still hold he's guilty he could flip from guilty to not guilty but the one who says that he's not guilty cannot flip and say that he's guilty so what do we explain what does it mean only beginning only in the beginning of the day when they're still deliberating but later on when this of course you can switch back you have to be real you have to be true let's say they made a mistake comes back to the be the next day he says I said he's not guilty no you didn't say he's not guilty I'll prove it to you you bring out the video tape or you bring out theer and he says look you said yeser like this if they found that he's not guilty then the guy goes all finished he's [Music] parted what if they found that he's guilty we have to we have to count we have to take a vote in order to have a good vote what do we need we need to the the the guilty has to be two more than the non guilty the non- guilty has to be one more than the guilty if you want to say he's not guilty here's the nice let me ask you here think about this for a second before we look in the mishna the BZ comprises 23 people let's say 22 say that he's guilty and one says I don't know guilty or not guilty think about it TW all you need is a majority plus two over here it's not you have 22 everyone everybody besides one who says I don't know guilty or not guilty what do you say I just want to hear guilty or not guilty not guilty not guilty not guilty everybody agrees not guilty why oh the one that doesn't know all right very good good huh say that we we we yeah we did say that they have to go back and find yeah something's wrong yeah you have this 22- 1 is that just oh so I'm going to explain that's what Gil said Gil said 22 minus 1 zero you need a Bez of 23 I don't know means I'm not part of the Bez not part of BZ you don't have 23 in order to convict you need 23 I 22 said he's guilty no so that's the mishna let's see take a [Music] vote you have one more not guilty than guilty 12 say not guilty 11 say guilty what's the cuz all you need to do is have the majority by one but on the flip side 12 say guilty and 11 say not guilty so that you're only Guilty by one that's not enough you have 11 and 11 this is the bigger 22 say he is not guilty that's how I should have asked it not guilty then I would have gotten you 2 22 say not guilty more guilty one of the 23 says I don't know so that's not a so it's not a what do you do you have to add another two so you here so if you have 22 because now you minus one and you add two Judah how many do you have that's 24 22 + 2 is 24 and that's a even number that he just spoke about we said that it's a problem oh yeah that should be okay that should be more than okay how many do you add you add two and what if there still one you add two and one says guilty and one says not guilty so now you're at the same place so you add another two until what until you get the 71 you can't go over 71 if you have 36 against 354 not guilty great you have one more Guilty by one that's not enough so what do you do you have to sit there and deliberate until you convince one of them to change otherwise you sit there forever I don't know what happens [Music] deadlock I don't know about this things so now let me ask you something and also the opposite way so you have 37 versus 34 you beat them by three that's okay you can't do two it's impossible so three so let me ask you a question why does it say in the mishna the M should also say why not why is the Miss only talking about Z him a minute let somebody else answer over here what do he say huh no come on we learned this we learned this we do we do we have to change minds and if we have three more that say then the guy is guilty but why doesn't the M mention it because we learned that the mishna is saying a nice Lon the Mish is talking in a nice way it applies also but the just [Music] mentioned how do I know that there are seven questions because it's in the so let me show you this beautiful stuff we have three parishes here is a city that most of the city did and what do we do we burn out the city including all the belongings and says in that that's one question that's two questions those two words together is three questions that's by by reg an individual it says that's two questions so total five and by by so another two questions a total of seven we total of seven let me just say for a second where's bichi he's in the wrong spot oh family Champions Leo shf andc fredd uncle Freddy and Mr gross and of our fearless leader and chief by the members of the mon fire department and strategic video [Music] production he's here to our fearless leader no there a oh no we're not holding take a look at this again why not maybe when it comes to he as him three questions when it comes to he ask two questions come he ask two questions who told you to combine them all together make it seven and I'll prove it to you I'll ask you a question it should say all seven in one by one and then the way it works is if it says in one posing in one par then you learn to the rest of the says the since each one is written like that so you learn since you're learning each one by itself it's as if it's all written together what is going on here so Rashi says he's not very happy with with this but he says since in each one of the three pares it says that you have to ask [Music] questions so we're forced to say that you learn one from the other why does the say three times maybe to say that we learn from all three of them and we combine all three for total of seven it'll be great if they're all equal but each one has reason to we we have reason to believe that each one has a certain that the other one doesn't have now this might be a little bit counterintuitive but it makes a lot of sense we learned about a mesus mesus a guy that tries to convince somebody else to doar we learned there some very interesting we don't care we don't we could start with we could do all sorts of things with him we try to kill him as as fast as possible we don't have any what does that tell us that the more severe his AA the less we try to get him off the hook right that makes sense very severe a trying to get people to doar we don't care so if he had a choice to interrogate the Adam you have a guy that's AIS he interrogate them very very heavy ask them many questions or fewer questions what would be your choice fewer ohing fewer the worst a the fewer the questions okay so that being said says G so let me tell you that super super extreme a whole city do of the C is much more severe than I'll prove it to you you destroy all their belonging in it's crazy what perhaps only gets three questions where should get how many seven the more severe it is you get less questions let's not try to trip up these ad let's try to get these ad through and then kill the whole ask him three simple questions let's go let's get moving here I could also argue is very severe and therefore it's very severe it should get only two questions and everybody else should get seven why two versus three because in the two questions what's B who gets a sword not it's a little tricky the does this twice in a row she B referring to the other two and and gets the sword Which is less than gets what SK Skil is more severe what is let's just think for a second Rashi points this out what does get what does get so sometimes guy can get if he's trying to put somebody to death he says oh this guy and he's lying we find out that he wasn't even in Israel then he was in America so we put him to death through stoning so what are you telling me okay anyway could have says rash it's not it's not not always is it skill so it's less sever so therefore maybe who told you that gets seven questions maybe gets only two and now on the flip side do you know this do you have to warn the ad that if you do and we find out that you're lying we will put you to that does anybody have to warn them the answer is no at least least to me listen to [Music] this don't read it wrong is referring to the other two things and you have to warn the city hey if you do we're going to put you to death you have to warn the guy you don't have to warn them why not listen to this beautiful you have to treat him exactly like he wanted to treat the other guy and he never warned the other guy how do I know I didn't warn the other guy cuz it never happened you can't warn somebody about something that never happened he made up a story that the guy so obviously there's no there's no he never was m shabas so never no one never warned him that he he can't be M shabas so therefore you want to put him to death without warning we're going to put you to death without warning it's a tremendous it's like a great riddle which gets you put him to death without warning now we know I would think since each one each one has another another it's so severe that maybe you only ask them two questions put these guys to death quickly the other two maybe need seven questions who told you that all three need seven questions says you're right as is I would never know but guess what there's something calleda each one of these Pim has a word that match is the other twoim and what is the word is common denominator of all three and M Learn one from the other now say don't get too nervous here it's only for 10 lines we move on to another Su but when it comes to sometimes there's a debate that he really give that who said he gave those words you can't make up a says hat this a gave to there's something called it has to be extra the word has to be there for this purpose to make a but if it's a necessary word then I can knock off this in a second how would I knock it off I just told you how to knock it off I just gave you three reasons to knock off thees is I don't remember what each one had a we had a different question right no that was something [Music] else okay that's what it was has the the more severe you give it you give him he's not part of or I could say you burn all their money so he's not part of this or I can say you don't have to give him he's not if I have an extra word called hat if it's extra then it's you can never answer anything on it it's strong it's solid there's no answers so the says and that's the of the don't get nervous it's very simple you learn you should know that these words are are extra and therefore because it's not if it was an extra then I could ask one of these three questions meaning true true it's extra I'll prove it to you it's actually extra it should have said I could find it I don't remember where it is hold on oh should have said you see what's this say it the way it is like you say like you say by by so that one is extra oh no I I no no no here yeah here like this I I changed it this morning okay [Music] good should say and the used the word the last word on the bottom left corner where it says uses fact that the shows me that the word is but it's only one out of the three is extra you're right let's do here I'm going to click check it out also it says it could have said said so two out of the three I agree with you the word hat is extra and it's a great the to it's telling us the top is telling us there's three questions so it says I already used the of course it says is telling me that there's a third question so it's not extra it already says so the word is telling me not that it's extra for the word is telling me that there's another question here says no know it is extra and then we're going to be done with this don't worry here these are the three options it says in the that's what we have on the top what it could have said is use the same exact use it twice why did you say the way we say like in the Top Line use the word is come to say that it's extra that's the end of the now hold on hold on all question let's hold now now that I know what do we have so far we have people that are killed with a sword we have people that are killed with stone they we ask them seven questions who are the people that get killed with with with stoning who are the people that get killed with the sword what about the other what about what about how do you know that somebody that you have to ask him seven questions it's a simple simple I hear maybe this is what maybe that's what rash talks about actually in that in this case now it's obvious if we said if skilo which is super super you ask seven questions I want to do away with this guy he's a bad guy he gets skila I should really ask him less questions but ask him a lot of questions so certainly anyone that has less of a Misa a easier Misa we should certainly ask him the same amount questions not less maybe more because it's less of a Misa right we said before the more it is the less questions you ask and the most so it's the most and you ask seven questions anything below it also gets seven questions say that's great if you say that is more than like is the top is the worst of the worst and you still have seven questions so anything below Skil also get seven questions what if you all like rim that Skil is not the worst is less than so how do I know that somebody that's burnt that he he eats the hot molten how drinks the hot how do you know that that person gets seven questions you're right a says the how many how many words are here two two is not a word and behold so we have two and then it says another two so how many do we have total four 4+ seven the seven the words that we have is so 4 plus 7 equals 11 that's 11 so seven comes for the that we spoke in the and three that's for the now we have extra word what do we do the extra word so this is where I know that people that are burnt you ask them seven questions from extra word and what about now they have extra word and we already know it say is the so you learn from yeah is this confusing simple super simple I know that skilo you ask seven questions on the left so anything under skilo gets seven questions cuz SK is the most the most so then why do I need extra word the answer is you're right you don't need it sometimes the just repeats itself even though it's something that you could logically figure out with goes ahead and talks about it as the question how do you know get seven questions according to we have an extra word wait a minute how do you know that there seven questions because I have seven words but now I have eight words so in fact you should ask eight questions not seven questions dropa say s doesn't get any questions but the skila and the the the the S they should get eight questions who told you that seven questions yeah you don't know anything you know that how many questions do you ask based on a the seven words in the P ask seven questions and if there's eight words in the P eight extra words so you ask eight questions who told you that the seven questions says that's a very nice what are you going to ask the guy what else could you possibly ask him we already asked him what part of yil was it what seven years what year what month what day what hour you already asked seven questions what else could you add what hour you even asked them what minute of the hour was it 12:00 or 12:32 but Pro in fact says you do ask eight questions well depends according to in that a person doesn't make a mistake at all even he's very careful to the minute so you can ask him such a question a few minutes great that's but according to there a a story throw it out there know somebody asked the if you could tell him over a pill that he said he made a pill you know in those days people used to make p according to this it comes out that and this and that whole thing listens listen listen he says your whole P doesn't go not according to Mayor not according to he says what are you talking about he says says if a person makes a mistake in minutes or in hours but you're making mistake already for days this all what you're saying this doesn't go according to okay fine fact here in this point is very ironic because the whole they make a mistake in a little bit of here in what said the whole thing see how people look at it they arguing over minute and the whole thing is is okay but that's what I what I heard what I didn't hear this is M time time at what time did you see the murder of minutes that's the whole thing yeah they they had s down to an hour maybe when you live like that your whole life and when the sun is exactly here you know this is is 10:45 argue argue on this I hear I know by the way um it's not minutes that we have it's the the day divided by 12 so could be it's a I don't know worse could be worse yeah I hear good but according to says that people make a big mistake like d is trying to say that you know they weren't very accurate with the with the minutes so why would you ask him what minute of the hour was it I need to know what year of the it is it was the 39th year you already discussed that before you said what seveny year lump this the 49 years is 50 years is broken into seven pieces of seven you ready to ask him which part of the seven so you already discussed what year of the is and then he said what year it was so I know exactly what year of the it is this is unbelievable what here 90 years ago we saw a guy wearing shus and a blue shirt K what yil was it this yil or last yil okay that's crazy once guy says what is he's he's not he's not waiting 50 additional years to come forward and and testify about he already said what part of the it is obviously he talking about this not not the previous one said you ask him only three questions they ask him a good somebody says I I saw a murder yesterday yesterday so think about it you're going to start asking yeah but what was it what year was it yesterday I said said how waste the questions what you're asking me I said yesterday what part of the was it what year what month I just told you yesterday and you're better than us okay you ask only three questions but your question is also silly Wonder a guy says I just I just I'm walking out the guy is still moving the dead guy he's still uhing you gonna ask him what day what hour I just told you outside of and he's dead obvious the reason why we asking all these questions is we try to make the guy M we put him in the interrogation room for six hours we made him sweat it out then we ask him this like the said we take him from one place to another place we keep on moving him around we we want to mess up his mind so that when he talks we know that what he's saying is true so we ask him dumb questions also stop the guy gets nervous CU he starts losing he starts losing it what do you ask me such silly questions and he starts getting upset oh now the truth is going to come out so same over here also you don't need all these questions but we want to mess him up a little bit doesn't agree with that you ask me why do I ask the question what day I just said it happened right now outside of bezin oh that a person saw a murder walks into B that's not common most of the time it was last week so therefore I have to know what day you hear what's going on here to ask him crazy questions even though they don't make any sense just to mess him up I don't want to mess him up I don't like so in fact if I just said I saw murder a minute ago I'm not going to start asking him funny questions what day then I will then I'll take off those questions I only ask questions if it happened last week okay what day of the week I want Bo have a wonderful day