Four Guardians and their Psychological Application - Parsha Mishpatim - By Rabbi YY Jacobson

[Music] good evening and welcome to all tonight's class is dedicated in the loving memory of the Mumbai conditioned and Rebecca Vril Loya and risky hallsburg it is also dedicated in the loving memory of Alta Shula Vassar abuse of its hooks word love by our dear friends the vid and EDA Schottenstein from Columbus they tell the story about a guy who's walking down the street and he sees two people engaged in strange work one guy was digging holes and the other guy was covering each hole he comes over to them and he says I don't understand what are you guys wasting your time for one of you is digging and exposing holes and the other one is just covering up the holes what's the point so they said listen let us explain to you were three brothers we were hired by the city to plant trees one of us digs the hole the other one plants the seed and then the third one covers up the hole and hopefully the trees will grow the middle brother who plans to seeds called in sick today he has a very bad virus seized home so what do you want we too should not come to work we've got to come to work this evening we explore the fascinating and very interesting laws of the four Guardians articulated in parsha Smith's potent and discussed at length in Talmud and tractate baba metzia we discussed the four Guardians and their psychological applications are you a user in life are you an enjoyer are you a worker or are you a soldier you'll raise your hand a little later in the class these are the four models which we explore this evening what is the laws of the four Guardians the Torah discusses the fact that there are four different models of guardians or custodians or shom rim bring up source number one please you can open up your curriculums right below the video there's a PDF document source number one a guardian a show mare is any person who for whatever reason is responsible for an object belonging to another person altogether the Torah classifies four types of Guardians and the level of responsibility to which each each is held number one is so merit enum the unpaid Guardian number two show mayor soccer the paid Guardian number three so here the renter number four show ale the borrower generally speaking these four models encompass many different examples and ways that they play themselves out but each case in which I am responsible to protect and watch an object or a living creature that my friend gives me I am called a showman and there are many different instances but from a Jewish legal point of view they're included in these four models generally speaking these four models can be divided into two categories the category of the guardian the custodian or the user the paid or unpaid custodian our response to guard an object they don't have a right to use it they just have to watch it whether it's a puppy a dog a watch a plant or anything else in the world you are responsible to watch it for a particular period of time and then return it to its owner in this we have an unpaid custodian and a paid custodian a show machine um an unpaid guardian and a show Murray sucker a paid Guardian the latter two categories are people who actually use the object they use the product the soldier the renter and the show of the borrower I rent your car from you and I use it I rent your donkey and I use it I borrow your bull to plough my field as they did in the ancient days or your vacuum cleaner and I use it the difference is the renter pays a fee for using it the borrower of course doesn't pay a fee he's just borrowing it but both are responsible to protect that which they are using and return it in due time now as long as the time passes and you give it back to the original owner everything is dandy and everything about it is happy you gave me your puppy to watch for a few weeks you went to Florida wherever you went till you come back I'd give it back to you great the problem of course is if the time comes up the time comes and you can't return the object or the animal or the creature and the reason is it's gone it's lost that died that was stolen it's gone it's damaged what happens now who bears responsibility here is where it becomes as they saying Yiddish leather dick instead now it's Lively so the Torah articulates the laws in the portion of mesh bottom and the Mishnah and tracted Bava metzia summarizes the laws bring up source number two please source number two is the Mishnah in bubba Mencia that's had the gimbal of an owl of 93 days of the Mishnah our boss time remained our four Guardians Seamus Mashal Misaka Misaka the unpaid guardian on one extreme the borrower and the other extreme noisy sucker is the paid guardian of our side here and the renter what is the difference between the force of the Mishnah continues Shimer phenom nish maja coil the unpaid Guardian swears on everything any mishap that occurs he swears that he's not responsible he was not negligent he did his duty and his absolved hash oil mashallah moussaka the borrower pays for any mishap he beers responsibility noisy sucker Vasa sure how about the paid guardian and the renter nice boy a malleshwari of our shibuya vallah mesa they have to swear that they fulfilled their duty if the animals limbs were broken or the animal was seized was captured was taken or it died a natural death well Michelle - evade the vesica neighbor but they have to pay if it was lost or stolen so here the mission very briefly presents the laws that apply to these four guardians - these four custodians and we have it summarized in source number three please bring up source number three in your curriculum right below the video source number three the first case is the show murky no the unpaid guardian the unpaid guardian is someone who's taking care of another's property purely as a favour he is receiving no compensation for his trouble although he is duty-bound to care for the object because he took responsibility for it his responsibility in a case of mishap is minimal because he's doing you a favor he's doing it for free if the object is damaged or lost as a result of his negligence then he must pay let's say he left the door open at night he leaves the door wide open and the puppy runs away then he was negligent he has to pay but as long as he has provided the reasonable cure to which he obliged himself and he takes an oath to that effect he is absolved from responsibility so if somebody breaks into the house at night and takes the animal or steals the diamond during or steals the watch or he's walking with the dog in the street he's giving it a whoop and it runs off and it gets lost he is absolved from responsibility just has to swear that he was not negligent he tells the real story and he doesn't have to pay that's category number one category number two continue in source number three the paid Guardian the paid Guardian is being paid for his services since he's being paid for his services the level of kiri is expected to provide and his responsibility in the case of mishap is greater after all you're paying him for his services you expect them to elevate the knots of security here the Torah differentiates between avoidable damages such as loss theft and unavoidable damages such as armed robbery or natural death the paid Guardian is responsible for the former but he is absolved by oath of the latter he is responsible if it gets lost he can't say it just ran away what do you want me to do that's why I paid you to hold on to it and make sure it doesn't run away he can't say Oh somebody broke into my house and took it well you should have been there that's why I'm paying you but if the animal dies naturally if there's an earthquake if a natural disaster happens if it gets kidnapped if it gets seized through armed robbery there was nothing he can do was unavoidable here he says you're paying me and I watched it but this was something I could not control he is absolved number three the renter the renter uses the object but he pays for its use so the town would actually cites to opinions of the status of the renter rabbi yehuda Rabbi Judah rules that he is like an unpaid Guardian who was responsible only for outright negligence and the reason is he says he uses it but he also pays for it so the use is paid for now he guards it for free so he's like the unpaid custodian rabbi meir is of the opinion that his obligations are identical to that of the paid custodian and he's liable also for avoidable damages like Geneva and Nevada like theft and loss the verdict follows the latter opinion of Rabbi Meir that is the verdict that a searcher a renter is like a sham or soccer he is treated legally as a paid custodian he's absolved from unavoidable damages he is held responsible for avoidable damages finally we come to number 4 the borrower the borrower he holds the highest level of liability unlike the first two Guardians the paid custodian and the unpaid custodian who scare of the object is for the sake of its owner the object has been given to the borrower solely for his own benefit and he doesn't even pay a thing the renter also uses it for himself but at least he pays the borrower pays nothing so he gets to use it and enjoy it and appreciate it for as long as he borrowed it and he gives nothing in return as a result the Torah holds him responsible to return that which has been given to him intact or else make good on its value regardless of his degree of Fault in the damage even if the borrowed object was destroyed by a lightning bolt who was destroyed by a hurricane or by a tsunami it's not his fault the borrower must pay you borrowed it for free you used it just return what you took and I don't care what happened to it so in summation we have the four Guardians we have the unpaid custodian who is absolved of almost everything even if it gets lost or stolen as long as he was not negligent we have the paid custodian and the renter and we have finally the borrower four categories with different laws to each one now it's known that every single law mitzvah' commandment story episode and Torah has a physical practical pragmatic interpretation but it also possesses a personal psychological emotional and spiritual counterpart the laws of the four Guardians are no different and this evening I want to explore these four Guardians following the legal perspective the spiritual and psychological perspective and the commentary is based on a fascinating interpretation by presented presented by a man known as the Shalom this shala was a Jew named rabbi a Shia Hal AV Horowitz rabbi hurowitz was born in the Year 1558 in Poland he was one of the great rabbinic leaders and sages in Poland in the 16th and 17th century he served as the rabbi in Frankfurt a mine in Germany a rabbi in different cities in Poland including proud the chief rabbi of Prague and finally he made a leah to the Holy Land he was a rabbi in Jerusalem he lived in swass and finally he lived and passed away in the city of tov area of Tiberias his monumental work is known as Schnee Lucroy sabri's and hence the acronym for his name shallow Schnee Lukas a bris the shelah passed away in Tiberias on yud aleph Nissen hey Tufts Ave on the 11th of Nissen 1630 and he is interred in tver Ian his work snail Lucas a bris as some of his other works have become classics and Jewish literature especially in the literature of Jewish ethics and mysticism and spirituality the show law has a section known as Messiah Sock'em and an essay known as matsuhiro rich matzah and there he discusses the four Guardians you'll soon see the connection to pace his commentary has been elucidated and elaborated upon by the lubavitcher rebbe who I had the privilege of hearing this talk from him on the Shabbos of Irish law tortion members ie in 1986 1987 we discussed this commentary of the shallow but the four custodians and based on their commentary Terri's I'm presenting one idea from a much longer and elaborate discussion and it's contemporary applications to each of our lives the idea is based on the words of the shallow bring up source number four is dr. Shalom is octopus a massage commerciai Barham limner give me another motive a day came Ben Adama Mockingbird who just as the four Guardians apply to the civil relationship between man and his fellow man they also applied to our relationship between the human being and God and Hashem but what does this mean how do we understand these four guardians and relations between us and God the answer is each of us is a show mayor each of us was given responsibility to be a steward to be a guardian to be a custodian of what of the world we were given a body to take care of we were given a soul at personality a mine to take care of we were given a part of the world of the universe to take care of each of us is a shomer each of us is responsible to guard it preserve it and protect it you must take care of your body you must guard your life you must protect your soul and you must be there for the world around you and here there are four different types of people there is the borrower model there is the renter model there is the paid custodian model and there's the unpaid custodian model and I would like to ask you which one do you think you are are you the borrower type are you the renter type are you the paid custodian type are you the unpaid custodian time which one do you strive to be which one do you aspire to be what do you think is the appropriate model the first is the borrower the borrower's model is very simple he says listen I will not pay you a thing but I want to enjoy it and I want to milk it and I want to use it from my opportunity and benefit as long as I can this is one model of life a person who lives in the world and beliefs ask let me ask not what I can do for someone else let me ask what everybody else can do for me I know ken then he said it a little differently this is the model where I believe that I get to enjoy whatever I can I'm here to enjoy and use it from my benefit the world around me and what was given to me I should not pay anything back in return that's why I define the borrower as the user this guy believes in using anything in anybody he or she can the shelah brings for this a verse in Isaiah a new Shia bring up source number five please you say on Novi the prophet Isaiah describes the characters Vahine a sus and the symbol has joyous Herick bucker kill cows kill bulls sockets own slaughter sheep uncle boss of a sausage I mean eat me drink wine huh kovash al Sayyed and drinking maher numbers tomorrow we die so the borrower doesn't see life in terms of responsibilities of destiny of a mission of a commitment of any form of responsibility it's here for me to enjoy self aggrandizement self-preservation and self gratification is the key I owe nothing to nobody nothing precedes me I don't think of terms of life in terms of something precedes me and I have come as a second rung in the chain no my pleasure defines its value model number one model number two model number two is the renter the enjoyer of life I rent it which means I want to use it to my benefit I want to expose it I want to explore it but I realize that I have to pay a fee so this is the person whose philosophy and life is yes it is for me just as the borrower says it's for me the renter says it's also for me I don't borrow or use your product in order to guard it for you I use it for me that's the difference between the first two the two custodians and the latter to the borrower and the renter the renter I rent your car not to protect your car I rent it to use it to enjoy it the benefit from it but I realize I have to pay and do my taxes you open a business you don't open a business in order to be able to support the government with your taxes you open a business because you want to make money but you live in a country which protects you there's a social contract and you surrender some of your benefits and rights we call taxes and many other models in life this is the model the renter I am here to enjoy but I realize I have to pay and do this is the enjoyer now we come to model number three in life model number three is the paid custodian I'm not taking it in order to use it I'm taking it in order to guard it I'm working for the owner who needs it to be guarded and I am committing myself to guard this product or this animal but I'm not a freebie I'm not that idealistic I need to get paid I need to take care of myself I'm a servant I'm a worker I'm not the user and I'm not even the enjoyer I'm here to work I'm committed I'm responsible I realized that there is a mission I have to fulfill in life but I want to get paid this is model number three and in our relationship with life and with God and with morality and with humanity and with history there are three models there's the one who focuses completely on himself the narcissist it's just for me and I don't owe anybody anything there is the renter it's for me but yes God I will pay my due I will do my Mitzvah I will do my coin deed I will be nice there is the paid custodian the one who's there to serve I am a servant I am a worker I work for you but I need a return I need you to reciprocate and then there's the fourth model to shallow sus the shame of Hinnom we'll call him the soldier the Sherman mm says I don't actually need anything I don't have any expectations I don't have any needs I was created to serve you that is my identity whatever you want to do with me you'll do with me you want me to be here I'll be here you want me to be there I'll be there you want me to be in this state I'll be in this state wherever I am I see my entire life as one symphony of service to you what I get and I don't get really doesn't matter I am not the issue here I am just a conduit and a channel for your will for your desire Maimonides describes this person the Rambam source number six Rambam hulka's truth appearing you the tenth chapter of the laws of repentance the Rambam says her avid may avid is somebody who serves out of love I stood Vittorio berm it's Reservoir Hill has been a service a hakama he is involved in Torun mitzvahs and follows the pathways of wisdom Lyman played overboil I'm not for any ulterior motive nothing in the world like me play us hurrah he's not scared of evil will like you daily Rashad IVA he's not even interested in inheriting the goodness in the future world that's also not the motivation Allah he saw a master play show amis he does the truth because it's true the safe arrival of a big Lola goodness will come as a result but that's not motivating here oh my lizard the Raman continues he my lord I'll add my vein called Holcomb socialism this is a unique state of mind not everybody merits it we Milas have rama v no chikara at butters burrow whoever this was the life of Abraham our Father whom God calls I avoid his friend his beloved one officially over Allah may Allah because his service was completely saturated with love with affection there is a Jordan airy interpretation presented by the six Lubavitch Arab but they're ever died at Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn who once upon his arrival to the United States of America after a hellish experience in Eastern Europe under Stalin and then in nazi-occupied worse and he arrived to the United States to the shores of New York in 1940 March 1940 and shortly thereafter he once said the following interpretation we say in the book of psalms in tehilim in hallo honor Hashem kyani of death ho on the after Habana moussaka Pataki lamasery what are these words mean honor Hashem kyani of data they're usually translated as Hashem please God help me out here near death I am your servant but the lubavitcher rebbe asked the following question on know which means please is usually written with an Aleph at the end Aleph known Aleph as inhale on aha same way she Anna please God help us here however the verse is written with a hey the word is written with a high honor Aleph known hey on Asha not elephant on a love but a laughlin hey elephant on Aleph is a request when you beseech someone and say please Aleph nun hey actually means something else it means we're in Hebrew what King David is saying is under Hashem any of the huh Zog you made a bridge there voo well if banana cannot tell me God we're you want me to be because I am your servant this is the model of the unpaid guardian I have no preconceived and defined expectations objectives for myself tell me ah no we're here near the hell I have nothing I'm Yours as the Mishna says at the end of traffic condition I mean of race English sandwiches curry I was created to serve my Creator that is Who I am I'm yours I'm here to serve you to fulfill your will tell me we're or not tell me how you want to pay me you'll pay me you don't want to pay me you won't pay me this is the show Beckenham this is the fourth model the solises the Baal Shem Tov once explained as a verse CVC Hashem linetti summit which means I place God before me continuously so the Baal Shem Tov said she VC which is usually translated as I place can also be translated as identical from the word he stavos identical the same sameness so the most summative writes in his book - voiceover she says extraordinary interpretation gvc hashem linetti some it means when God is before me continuously she VC then everything in life is identical if God has always before me that every experience in life is identical there's no such a thing that some experiences I'm exhilarated I'm up there I'm inspired and other experiences I'm down I'm shattered I'm destroyed I'm in the spirit CVC if God is always before me if I'm an unpaid custodian Arnage tell me where you want me to be and I'm in I'm just serving you I'm a channel for your will I'm a conduit for your purpose in every moment at every moment at every encounter and under all circumstances CVC yes and no become identical al heyn heyn V Allah vain to quote a famous opinion of Rabbi Akiva in the filter how the Jews responded to the Ten Commandments al hain a non yes they said yes of our love and I know they also said Haim they also said yes there's a story about the Holy Writ knock'em of Chernobyl as a student of the Baal Shem Tov the holy baal shem tov and the hillock imaginable of magnitude of Menachem Menachem of Chernobyl once came to a city and he found out that there was no mikvah in the city there was no spiritual ritual bath for Jewish women so necessary for the integrity and the holiness of the Jewish family and he asks is there nobody who can build a mitzvah and they say we're poor people we can't afford a mikvah ribbon awesome of chernobyl says is there not one jew who can afford a mikvah they said there was one man who can do it but he is so stingy he refuses to part with even a single ruble on Shabbos if not Chernobyl that gets up on the bin make it a clap and he says listen whoever donates the money to build a mikvah in this town I am giving him a my share of Olam haba my share of the world now this wealthy Jew was stingy but he was not a fool to acquire on a golden platter the plot apart the part of ribbon awesome of Chernobyl in the world to come was not a deal you refuse and he immediately after Shabbos put down the money around 20000 ruble to construct a beautiful mikvah for Jewish women in the city and obnoxio no bowler would give him Olam haba the world to come and the mikveh was built i want you to think about the story for a moment many jews would think to themselves what does this mean somebody once asked me what does this mean the whole reason he does or she does mitzvahs the whole reason he or she is committed to torah mitzvahs because he or she believes that this is their passport all of our but to the world to come this world is a temporary journey and ultimately in the world to come he or she wants to have the ultimate reward here ab nasim of chernobyl is building a McMahon he's giving away his Olam haba why should he do it but a blossom Chernobyl was a shame as he Nam he wasn't a Shamus author he was an unpaid custodian he wasn't a paid custodian in the words of their album SSRMS Manish OMS he was involved in truth because it was true it wasn't about him I want the world to come I want the ultimate reward I want eternal bliss the borrower says I want to enjoy this world and the paid custodian says I'm serving you but I want something in return the unpaid custodian says it's not about me and if Jews don't have a mikvah 'the jewish soldier will not be born with the spiritual sacredness that the torah instructs the jewish children to be born as a result of the mikvah what do I need my alum Harbor for what do I need my future reward for I was created to serve if I have to give my alum hopper for the mikveh so be it this was the holding of Nakamoto Nabu this is the fourth model the model of the unpaid Kasturi and by the way these four models don't only exist in my relationship with God they exist in every single marriage they exist in relationships between friends and people there are four types of marriages here again raise your hand there's a marriage of the modelers I'm a borrower which means I will use the marriage for my benefit do I have to give back anything in return no it's about me you know the story this this guy was on a date with a girl so the girl afterwards complained that she can't go out with him again why not she said it for the first three hours all he did was he spoke about himself three hours from 7:00 till 10:00 he didn't stop talking about himself finally after three hours he turns to the young woman and he says you know it's enough of me talking about myself let me hear what do you have to say about me this isn't a borrower there's only one person in his life then there's a renter the rentier says listen I'm here for my own enjoyment I am here to benefit from the marriage and to milk every ounce I can but I'm a mensch I realize you have to pay your dues yeah you have to help you have to buy a gift you have to score points I am I am the foundation of the marriage it's about me enjoying the product and the reality but I realize I have to pay and then there is the paid custodian no I am committed I am a servant I am a worker I am here to protect the beautiful and sacred institution of marriage but I need to get paid and then there's the unpaid custodian somebody who was actually completely committed they surrender their ego not because they're smartest because they have the confidence and the inner strength and core that they can transcend themselves and say I am here for you four types of relationships four types of friendships four types of marriages what type of friend are you what type of husband are you what type of wife are you what type of human being are you what type of Jew are you the shala continues and says that there were four personas for personalities in the beginning of history which personified these four models Avril Lavigne who was Avraham Avinu Abraham he was the Shamer Hina the Rambam said in the laws of truth I discussed earlier Rome was a man who served God with complete love no ulterior motives or considerations but there's a verse which captures it beautifully please bring up source number seven look at the posture converation Speyer cover of God describes of Rome a curve after Shama rhombic le vie yes Mary smarty I love Abraham he listens he hearkens to my voice my ish murmur smarty and he guards he's a custodian of Miss smarty he preserves my things which need to be preserved after all Moses a machine Oh miss smarty he guarded the world he guarded life he guarded humanity he protected civilization miss smarty for God's sake model number two other Maresa first human being he according to Rabbi you Shia lav Horowitz the hail Akash Allah he was the Shamus soccer he was the paid custodian take a look source number 8 what does God do with Adam voracious period Mizrahi cock-a-leekie Masada Miami hey-oh began Aidan loved though all the Shamrock God places Adam in the Garden of Eden to work the garden will the summer and to preserve to watch the garden for right after that what does he tell him you can eat from all of the trees in the garden besides one tree you're not working for free you will benefit you will enjoy the garden the entire garden is yours to enjoy bite one tree and what entices what motivates Adam to violate the rule and eat from that tree to because the serpent came to him with a better offer he said listen guard as God is letting you eat all the tree but if you eat from this tree we used some Cala Kim you'll be like God the wage is much better Adam knew you have to see what the wages God was promising a lot of benefits but the serpent was promising better benefits so if you're working for somebody for $50,000 a year and somebody asks you to do the same work you have to violate but you're getting double or triple what's the question so Adam transferred his allegiance other Mauritian changes domains and he listens to the serpent why the model here was a shimmer sucker he was a paid custodian then you have the generation of the flood between Adam and Noah and they are described as ultimate borrowers they believed the world is ours to enjoy based on our gluttonous addictions desires cravings appetites we have no responsibility or allegiance to anybody but ourselves and thus they created moral Anarchy and corruption in society and then there was Noah Noah Noah is the renter he's decided he's not like Adam the custodian who wants to get paid he is the renter who is here to use and enjoy the world for his benefit but he realizes you have to pay dues you have to pay membership in order to survive and this is the contrast between Noah and his generation his generation felt they have no responsibility they don't owe anybody anything Noah understood at least I owe God something I owe the world something I own life something I'm a student of life I'm a recipient of life I owe something in order to own I have to go and that is why Noah has described open up source number nine bring up source number nine by Yahoo Maya ish ha dum Oh Noah the man of the earth plants a vineyard drinks and gets a drunk why is he called Ishod Ummah the man of the earth and they shall law says because this was Noah Noah was a man of Earth Noah was a man who was entrenched in earth he wanted his own existence he wanted to endure he wanted to preserve himself and he realized if you want to exist you have to help existence and therefore he was it sad that he was righteous but essentially he was the renter now let's take it a step further open up source number 10 please when the Jews are leaving Egypt Moses tells them who SHM Artemis Hamas says you should guard the maps as they should have become Levin says the missile to source number 10 I'll ticular Maxis elements vez you should guard the mitzvahs so the act of pacer of making a seder is defined as guarding we are custodians of the matzah because it can't become leaven you have to guarded it should arise we are also custodians of God's mitzvahs of God's commandments indeed by the Seder we have four children and the four children of the Seder correspond to the four shom rim the four Guardians kharkom the sensitive child is smart the clever child of rama v nu represents the Shimer phenom the unpaid custodian russia ii saw the rebellious one he's the show of the borrower like the generation leading up to the flood you have Tom the innocent one the simple one represents Adam the shomers soccer the paid custodian in fact he explains Tom Rashi says Tom Yaakov is called each Tom and the Torah she explains why is Tom Tom means you're not a deceiver and you don't get deceived you're straight you're a straight person Adam was a straight person simple and straight I work for you I just want to get paid I want to go home with a nice paycheck Yaakov Avena was a show Mary saw her for laven he worked for Laban and he wanted to get paid he wanted to get paid and he make sure he got paid adam was ultimately deceived like a Thomas sieved he was deceived by the serpent who promised him a great wage and he went away with nothing he got expelled from the Garden of Eden and many other consequences from the tree of knowledge finally Shane may a day at least show the one who doesn't know how to ask this is Noah this is the so here this is the renter he doesn't ask for anything and the shalash says because he doesn't ask for things outside of himself he's interested in himself and this was Noah Noah who was a man who didn't know how to ask when Abraham hears from God that Saddam and Gomorrah are about to be destroyed Jacques d'Amboise Maliki rabble hailed another area half its a casa I'm gonna go down to Saddam and figure out what's happening and I may destroy it Abraham starts interviewing God starts asking questions starts complaining starts lamenting starts demonstrating how chauffeured colores Lee asks Amishman well the judge of the whole world behave in an unjust fashion suddenly Abraham is interviewing god when noah hears the words kate's called boss or below for my the end of humanity is approaching I will illiberal I will I will obliterate all of civilization North doesn't ask a single question doesn't register a single complaint doesn't convey a single lament doesn't make any demonstrations Shane no yay day Allah surely doesn't ask he does not ask Abraham is the kharkom he asks don't mr. Seamus socket of the time the generation of the flood is de Russia Noah is dish any of their lists of the renter I take care of myself I ask only things that were irrelevant to me and I pay my dues I'm not a bad guy I just don't know how to ask I don't have an interest or a curiosity in that which transcends me now what are the laws with each one of these models we discussed in the beginning of the class in the practical physical four Guardians what the laws are what are the laws when it comes to these four models of life when I say what are the laws I mean what are the psychological and emotional and spiritual consequences so we know the verse hashem silva and to helen and psalms King David says Hashem CIL's and God is your shadow and the Baal Shem Tov once explained what does it mean God as your shadow the shadow follows you each movement you make is replicated in the shadow God responds to us based on the way you define your relationship to life to God to history to other people is the way your shadow responds to you Hashem so that God is your shadow so let's now go through these models we discussed these four figures these four personality types the user the enjoyer the servant to the worker and the soldier and let us see how the legalistic formula articulated in Torah and Talmud applies psychologically emotionally and spiritually to these four types of figures the borrower what was the law with the borrower we explain the borrower is absolved of nothing even if an earthquake comes and kills the animal even if a hurricane comes and sees is the object he cannot claim it was unavoidable there was nothing I could do it's true there was nothing you can do but you are responsible to compensate the lender for his or her loss psychologically speaking it means this you may choose the free-lunch approach of the borrower but then says the almighty you must take full responsibility for your life as well if things go weary in your life if you error if you blunder even if circumstances beyond your control overwhelm you it's your problem after all you decided it was your life and this is the advantage in the Miss advant the disadvantage of the borrow and I have to say each of these four models has an advantage and has a disadvantage there's no questioning that the borrower has advantages in life many of us know it I want a free lunch and I don't want to give anything back in return narcissism selfishness self-centeredness is a quality that's very ingrained and entrenched in human nature and many of us have days when we are borrowers or we are close to borrowers but when the borrower Falls he is nobody to lean on he has nobody to pick him up he can't come and say it's not my fault this was unavoidable you're right sometimes things in life are unavoidable there are circumstances in life that are beyond anybody's control there's nothing you can do about it and when those circumstances happen and the borrower falls down he has nobody to hold on to to pick him up to lift her up to give them hope and camaraderie because the borrower has only himself or herself in life so the borrower might say why am I so alone in life but yes you are ultimately alone just as in the good times you were alone there was nothing but you in the bad times you are also alone there is nobody left but you and ultimately you lose that too you never let anybody in in your life you may say today it's not me it's not my fault but for you there was nothing outside of me so who do you want should share with you in your moment of agony in your moment of crisis in your moment of loss this applies to marriage as well there are people throughout their marriage they're extremely self centered it's about me my needs my desires my wants and I don't even feel I have to give you back anything in return but you know circumstances in life change reality has a funny way of dealing with people with all people and self-centered people as well and when that crisis comes you don't have a partner whose hand you can hold to be able to walk through the valley of darkness or the challenges that arise because you are alternately alone in a very solitary and lonely world yes when you were flying higher you didn't need anybody you were the Bower you were the user you were the manipulator you made sure never to be the nail you made sure always to be the hammer but when a difficult time comes when there are damages unavoidable damages you can't say it's not me for you there's nothing but me you carry your own burden that's the way you wanted it to be when the burden was light and fun you loved it now the burden is not light and it's not enjoyable but you're alone that's the borrower and I should say the borrower itself has so many categories to higher levels lower levels but this is the nucleus this is the nucleus of the idea I think we understand what it means then you have the renter the renter also says it's for me but he pays the paid custodian says it's not for me it's for you but I want to get paid here there is a relationship that is molded here you're not left alone here you were always cognizant to the fact that there was someone else there was another and therefore when there are unavoidable circumstances in life when different realities in the world strike us which we don't control you are not alone you are not in solitariness you are not in solitude you do not have to carry the burden of life alone but you're not absolved completely there are things you are responsible for you did get paid for your work and therefore you have to deliver someone paid you for watching it if it was unavoidable you don't carry the responsibility but there's certain things you are responsible for the renter you're enjoying it you're paid you dues but you're enjoying it you're responsible you're responsible for theft you're responsible for loss as the shallow explains it theft means deception we sometimes deceive ourselves or others consciously or unconsciously losses we lose things we lose our time we waste time sometimes in a marriage you lose things and sometimes you're deceptive unconsciously you get paid you're responsible for it the nave of our Veda you're responsible now there's the unpaid Guardian the shrine with him the unpaid Guardian alive devoloped he's absolved from vulnerability to everything save outright negligence as long as the unpaid custodian remains faithful to his mission in life he need not be worried or concerned by any trappings the world may present to him or her because he sees his life solely in terms of his Creator God takes full responsibility for his life the unpaid custodian is free he's liberated he's happy he doesn't hold on to anything that he has to protect he never held on to anything never bitter never resentful never angry it's very difficult to bring him down he was never busy protecting his interests his self not even like the paid custodian who wants to be paid the shomer Kingdom was a complete servant and because of that he or she experiences a certain freedom and liberty a certain lightness and joy that the other models cannot even begin to imagine you know the story of the bird the mattress brings the story it also became a famous story this bird is in an art gallery and they wonder they want to shoot it down and the bird is trying to figure out what to do and the bird was that was clever so what the bird do the bird went to the portrait of the Czar and landed right on the portrait of the czars face right on the face the bird knew nobody's gonna shoot now because for shooting the portrait of the Czar they themselves can be executed this is what the summer Hingham does the unpaid custodian is like a bird flies and lands on the shoulders so to speak of the Almighty and therefore in a way he or she has a certain freedom an openness that nobody can take for them from them because they don't have to hold up their own life the paid custodian still maintains the vestige of self I still need to protect myself I need my paycheck the renter certainly the borrower it's all about himself or herself the unpaid custodian gave it up have nothing to protect and therefore God takes full responsibility for his or her life you know the story my friends story about a person who passes away comes up to heaven and when people come to heaven they're taken through a Beach Long Beach and at the shore of the beach there's lovely sand and the sand is filled with footsteps and the person is showin the journey of his or her life and the journey is expressed through the footsteps when they were born and they just began to grow up the footsteps were very small and tiny as they grow older the footsteps expand and then when they grow old and sick once again the footsteps become small until they disappear they vanish which represents death and each person is taken by God and shown their journey expressed in the footsteps in the sand and each footstep its shape its size its character captures the state of mind in the state of heart the person was enduring that stage of their life great beautiful moments are expressed in robust nice footsteps difficult moments are expressed in frail footsteps and so forth and so this guy comes to heaven and God takes him through and starts showing him his footsteps and the man is looking at his footsteps and he sees something very interesting near his footsteps are someone else's footsteps there are two set of footprints and he asks God who is this one walking near me and God says my son it's me I walk near you throughout your life I hold your hand I'm there at your side from the moment you open your eyes until you breathe your last breath and this man starts scrutinizing and examining his life and he is intrigued by a very enigmatic detail he sees that at some point in his life there was no second set of footprints only his and when he looked closer he realized that those were the word most difficult most traumatic moments in his life and he turns to God and he says I don't understand during these moments when I needed you most you were not hear from me why and God says my son during those moments I was not walking at your side I was carrying you the footsteps you see are not yours their mind and here we come finally to the conversation we have with each of these four people during the Seder night in the Haggadah home Russia Tom Chaney the Elisha Kaka Maha Weimar what does December Phenom say what does the unpaid custodian the same are aiders of our cooking varnish bottom I should see my family came to ask him he wants to know all the details of the commandments he wants to know how to serve and we tell him that after m'early kilkis our Pesach important from the Haggadah a mouth Tyrion after a PASOK afikomen you make sure to leave the Seder satiated we tell the unpaid custodian you will be the most satiated and happy of all because since you have nothing to hold on to and to protect you can be vulnerable and free and truly happy and wholesome you're not busy investing to protect an ego which doesn't really exist to russia russia now i'm mr void as a /m well hamdulillahi asks what is this for life is just about narcissistic self-centered enjoyment at the moment you tell him love him the low low height see a swim in a cloud aloha a sham lion eagle says - a log about the cover toes says the Shilla - Allah says the borrower has to realize that he is all of his investments and all of his energy and resources he or she is allocating for somebody else lehem Vallely because that is the paradox of why when you invest only in yourself you are really investing in everybody but yourself and when you invest in something that's beyond yourself you ultimately invest in yourself because when you invest only in your materialistic momentary pleasure what's left of it nothing you may enjoy yourself today but tomorrow you're depressed again tomorrow you'll enjoy yourself the next day you're depressed your whole life you continue to enjoy yourself and then you pass on and you is nothing left for you all the money and anything you amass that's physical is left for other people lehem Villeroy the Russia by being such a narcissist actually has nothing left he didn't invest in his real self and his true self and then there's the time the time is the third person the time is the Schirmer sucker the paid Gaston anyone from missouri's what's in it for me for Marte love you tell them but how you secure there shall not see annoys I'm gonna die on the basis of other god liberated us from slavery with a strong hand in other words God ultimately is the one who has power in this world and therefore if you want real reward if you want real fulfillment if you want real serenity you serve God and then there's deshaney a daily style the one who doesn't know how to ask he's a renter he's just simple I just want to enjoy myself and I'm gonna pay my dues at Saahil I says the shallow you have to tell him about the beginning you have to explain to him about the beginning of everything you have to ask him is there anything in life that you can really call yours isn't all of life a gift hasn't everything you have been given to you is there anything you can really call your own at cycle I explained to him the beginning of everything his perspective is narrow his perspective is small he sees himself as the center of his universe he's just ready to pay a few fees in order to compensate Hockley explained to him the beginning of everything and help him elevate himself and Elias that he too is a soldier he too was a servant created to serve God and bring Redemption to a world desperately in need of it have a wonderful night [Music] you [Music]