Vayikra - 2nd Portion

Join me as we learn Humish for Monday, the second Torah reading of Parshas Vayikra. Yesterday we learned about the laws pertaining to the ascent offering that was brought from the animals. Today we're going to learn about the ascent offering and the meal offering that can be brought as an ascent offering as well, which is called the Olo offering. The Olo offering was a donation that a person willingly gave, not obligated to give, and as Rashi explained yesterday, as the Olo offering was given for for somebody missing out on doing a positive commandment. Verse 14, chapter 1. If a person who cannot afford to bring a bullock, cannot from the flock, so therefore he's going to bring an offering from the birds. He mean a toy room and he will bring it an ascent offering which is will be from the turtle doves or you mean or from young pigeons as carboni that will be a sacrifice. Rashi meaning not all birds efficient Emma Tommy but a bucker as we know that by the animals it says it has to be a complete male and flock by sheep and goat meaning that we over here we know that the laws pertaining complete and male applies only by the animal for ain't Thomas for Zachary but complete and a male does not apply when it comes to the birds. You have I would think after my so if it doesn't have to be complete I can to bring an injured one or if it's missing a limb. Come and lay my mean how I have it has to be from the birds meaning it cannot be missing anything while it maybe doesn't have to be complete little blemish won't make a problem but if it's missing something that will not be like if one of its legs are cut off that's not going to be kosher. the turtle doves big ones but not small ones however when we talk about the pigeons and I'm sorry the turtle doves I'm sorry the pigeons. The young pigeons those are katana so we talk about doves it has to be from the bigger ones. However when it comes to the pigeons they can be even from the smaller ones. So it has to be a mature turtle dove or a young pigeon and it doesn't say which gender it can be either male or female as Rashi explained that the gender only made a difference by the animals. So why does it say from as we know there's always exceptions? This comes to exclude one that becomes changes colors. And by either one of them by the dove or by the pigeon through puzzle that it's not fitting for it. So too that same time means that it's in God a cotton a toy room. This is considered a large one a mature one when it comes to the pigeons and a small one when it comes to the bird to the doves. So once they start turning turtle doves become suitable as sacrifice only at the time when they're when their feathers start turning yellow. Pigeons are suitable as sacrifices at the age when they plucking the feather which causes it to bleed and then those make the feathers turn yellow as well. So what we see over here turtle doves and pigeons are unsuitable for sacrifices during the time when there's a color change in them because either they're becoming too old or they're becoming too young or they're too young so we see the both of them will not work. Over here as well verse 15. The the coin must then bring these birds to the altar and he will partially nip off its head bring it as on the altar and then blood must exude from the neck by the altar by the side of the altar. So over here it doesn't use the word which is slaughtering it uses the word Malika which is to nip off its head. How is this done as we're soon going to see in Rashi. the criboy even why does he use a single terminology even if it's one bird you have you can bring it and he doesn't have to bring two. the coin the coin will then cut it how is he going to cut it? In fact it does not use you don't use a tool there's no knife and the coin himself does it. He has a sharp fingernail on his thumb and then he's able to cut it from its neck and then he cuts the bone of his neck actually until he reaches the two main the esophagus and the windpipe which is in the bird and he's able then to cut it with his nail and that's when it's considered slaughtered properly and a knife is not used. They say in fact the coin always he was a coin and he always kept his nails sharp on his thumb like this when he's ready from as soon as Messiah comes he'll be able to be ready to cut to do Malika on the birds that have brought as sacrifices. And he would then squeeze its blood exude the blood the word means comes from the word like juice like uh something that's coming out of it meets a person that is executed you able to draw something out of it you are squeezing out of it the person who gets very angry so therefore you squeeze out of him he gets into a fight Isaiah talks about about the enemies that they squeezed everything out of them so therefore what he does is he squeezes the place of where he actually slaughtered it where he did the Malika on it on the wall of the altar and that's the way he's able to squeeze the blood on the altar. the criboy I'm sorry but I'm and the blood then continues to drip down on the altar on the sides of the wall of the altar. How how is it possible that it's to say that the squeezing that he does after bringing it on cuz it says that if you look at the order that the Torah says he does first Malika which is nipping off the animal then it says that he's going to bring it on the altar and then it says that he squeezes the blood. How can you squeeze the blood after it's already brought on the altar? So Rashi explains as follows after that after he brings it as a sacrifice he should be able to pour the blood. He's coming to tell us just like when you're bringing it as a sacrifice it's not all in once you're disconnecting the head from the body after Malika came so too when he's doing Malika he should do it in that way that the head and the body should be a separate. And according to the simple interpretation because the verses written out of order therefore one can explain simply that he he slaughters it then he brings it however before bringing it squeeze the blood. Verse 16. He must then remove its crop along with its entrails. And then he will throw this along with its feather along with its feathers and discard it on the east side the east side of the on the addition to the side where the place where the ashes are brought. Rashi the as more also What is more also? So the more also means it's crop so Rashi explains the as a fact. This is the place where all the where the esophagus is where it where all the food is gathered. And when it holds it like a little bag and it continues to expand in the body. with its feathers in the name of God and there some people say together with the stomach. a feather this means something which is disgusting. and the very fact that Uncles explains with its with its waste that that's according to the measure of that he says that he takes the intestines of in it but he says I will the word rabbis explained and that the word over here means feathers so the word means is a debate what the actual word mean we translated as feathers as the common translation however there's those that explain it and the first opinion is that it means with its intestines. As well as we find he cuts so he can cut How was how does he take it off? So he takes a knife and then he cuts around the top of the opening by the neck with a knife like a window he takes it out in my shallow air. So the way to explain it is by the place of where underneath the body of the chicken of the I'm sorry not of the not the chicken chicken can be brought as a sacrifice but of the bird, of the pigeon or the dove, he will then cut where there's feathers. Make it like a little window, pull out the intestines together with the skin, these feathers that are on the skin. Uh and Rashi continues says that this is different from when an animal comes to an animal sacrifice, nobody eats it. It's below. Being that over there nobody eats it even though it's nobody's and this and and the owners cannot have any part of it. Therefore, it says that the intestines should be washed because they have to bring it as a sacrifice. But if however shall nothing but I guess all that it's fed from uh thievery So over here, what he says is over here interesting thing that the difference between the intestines of the animal and the intestines of the bird the stomach part is that the intestines of the animal, the stomach of the animal, how does the animal fed? Because the owners give it food. So it's not stolen food. So therefore, you wash it and you bring it as a sacrifice. However, when it comes to the animals or the bird's intestines, where does a bird get food from? It's from taking other people's food. So therefore, its intestines are thrown to the side to the waste and not brought on the altar. Eight elements where came on the east side of the altar on the east side of the ramp on the place of the ashes the place that they put the ashes every morning as well as the cleaning off the ashes of the uh incense that was on the inner altar all of them all put in the one big place of the ashes on the side of the Holy Temple. Verse 17. Then he must rip open with its feathers. However, he has must be careful not to completely tear it apart. brings it all on the on on the altar This is an ascent offering which is a pleasing for Hashem. What does the word shisha means? The word shisha means that you're to rip it with your hand. when you tore the lion apart from its mouth with his hands because enough of in enough of meaning not with its wings but by its wings. With its wings to launch. You don't have to take off the feathers from its wings. Meaning meaning that he shouldn't doesn't mean that he has to leave the wings on themselves but he should he should leave the feathers on it. Rashi explains. There is no per human being feathers smell very bad. And there is no person that burns feathers that he doesn't get disgusted by it. So why then does the Torah say burn it? Because usually this is a poor person that's bringing it and it shouldn't look like that a poor person's sacrifice is getting less attention than a great person's sacrifice. And therefore, God says bring it all to show that I love the sacrifice that this person's bringing. Don't make sure not to separate it completely. I'm telling you to rip it, but don't rip it completely. Rip it from its top. And therefore, it stays connected and not completely torn. If you notice the Torah uses the terminology to please an offering by bird. It also says by an animal that it's a pleasing offering. Your offering is it doesn't make a difference how big your contribution is whether it's a lot or a little the main thing is that the intention is towards that you're doing it for the right purpose. If you do it for the right purpose, it doesn't make a difference how much it is. Chapter 2, verse 1. Now we go into the next kind of offering which is a grain offering that if a person can't afford even a bird offering, he has an option to bring a grain a meal offering. When a person desires to bring a meal offering to God it should be from fine flour. It should be from fine flour. fine wheat flour the last shaman and he should pour on it oil on the Levana and then he will put on it uh frankincense upon it. Rashi the neffish he sacrificed If you notice, it doesn't use the terminology neffish by it says Adam by all the other donation sacrifices only by the meal offering. Who usually brings a meal offering? Only a poor person. God says when a poor person comes and brings this meal offering I consider it as if he gave his soul his whole heart and soul when he brought the sacrifice. When a rich person gives an animal, okay, it's another animal. But when a poor person takes a meal offering he's dedicated his whole soul bringing the sacrifice. It's a refined flour it should be brought. And it's brought in the following verses when we talk about the different uh meal offerings and therefore over here he's explaining what kind of meal offering this is that when a person says A man had a lay in min stand and person says I'm going to bring a meal offering but doesn't explain which one it is. Maybe min say let us ask to be a meal offering from wheat. Cuz this is the first one that's mentioned in the meal offerings. It is taken as a fistful even while it's still flour. It's going to be explained soon. Because it's mentioned over here five different kind of meal offerings and all of them come baked before uh taking the fistful That means in all the other meal offerings, the person already baked it as we'll soon see. And only afterwards do you take the fistful that's put onto the altar. This one is called a meal offering of flour offering because it's still flour when the fistful when the fistful is taken from it. The word say less which means fine flour. However, what kind of flour? It means it must be wheat. We find in the book of Exodus where it uses the terminology solas and that refers to wheat flour. And there's no meal that's less than the amount of an e-sauron. In the sauron, it's about 43 eggs and a quarter and a fifth which is about the size for challah. As it says Then he pours oil on it on top of it. Then he puts the frankincense on it on part of it. Then he put a fistful of frankincense on it. the side Cuz whenever the Torah says again and again something that uh including two things the word including two things one after the next, it's because it's coming to exclude something. So in this case you have You have to put the oil and you have to put the incense. It's coming to tell me that the second incense that I'm putting even though yes it has to be a fistful, but I'm putting it to the side. Another explanation shaman the reason why I'm putting oil the flour gets kneaded together with the oil. And the fistful is taken from You take the fistful from the oil flour and the oil. So so but the actual spices are only on the side. Only part of it and the system of the system doesn't get kneaded with it and doesn't get the the fistful is not taken from it. As it says that called the masa after he already took his fistful of the flour collects a little bit of uh spices on the side and then brings it as a sacrifice. You have the three stages. You have to pour the oil. You have to put the spices and then you bring it. The teacher teaches us that teaches us that who's the one that can put the oil in the actual mixing even a non cohen is allowed to do it. Verse 2. Then he brings his meal offering to And they will take from there they'll scoop out a fistful from there from the flour and from the oil with all spices. The cohen will take its remembrance. Will then bring it burn it up as a memorial. As a offering pleasing to God. Verse 2. How can I name the comets And they will take a fistful from the time of scooping it up. That already is the cohen's job. It's going to be done. What does it mean from there? That it's telling us that the mincha What does it mean that means from a distance that even it's from if the um this fellow that's bringing it the the Israelite that's bringing the offering is standing uh uh further out It's coming to teach me that you should that you can take that fistful scoop out the flour from any place. It doesn't have to be in a specific place in the courtyard of the Holy Temple. It was allowed to be taken anywhere. After you come to the Holy Temple even in the 11 where the Israelites were allowed to stand even there it was where the flower can be scooped from. A malei kumtz, a fistful. How much is a fistful? Yachol, I may think that this fistful malei not has to be um full and malei malei space and stuff coming out and sticking out from all sides. The edges of the whole side and sticking out of his fingers. That's why it says in a different place later on in chapter six that he will lift with its with its fist. It's the only thing that's valid is what's in the fist. E b'kumtz i and not more. E b'kumtz i if I would only have the word b'kumtz i yachol chaser I would think, "Okay, so maybe it doesn't have to be completely full." So therefore, talmud leimer malei it has to be full. Okay, so then how does a person do it? So how do you get that it should be full then it shouldn't be too full that empty but it shouldn't be too empty. So it tells us what happens as he takes as Rashi says choyef shalesh tzeva'osav al pas yado. He takes the three fingers which are on the palm of his hand. That means not the thumb and not the pinky, the three middle fingers. He will scoop out a fistful and then he takes his thumb and way shakes off the the residue on this side and his pinky and shakes off the residue on this side. This way he has a fistful in his hand. V'zeh omed kametz and that's why it means kametz k'mashma l'shon ivris. And that's why actually this finger which we would call the ring finger is called the kametzah finger because that's where you have your fistful. Al kol alevena'ah lavad kol alevena'ah besides all the spices. Y'he a kametz malei, it should be completely full fist. L'vena'ah yikdir the spices and bring it as an altar. Af alevena'ah baktores ol too, the spices should be brought as a sacrifice. gargir melach some salt d'koidus l'vena'ah or big spice uh or some measurement of spices p'sula That means the actual fistful has to be of the flower and the oil. And then he can skew and he swishes it around a little bit of the spices on the outside and that's what he brings as offering. as a memorial hakoymes l'kvoiyoh Only the fistful is what goes to God. This is remembrance of this meal offering that the person is bringing it. What's the memorial for it? because this is a memorial to remember the individual who brings it as a sacrifice for good and for pleasure by God. Verse three. So what happens with the leftovers cuz we mentioned it's a big amount that he's bringing. to Aaron and the sons koidesh kodashim it's considered holy of holies may yish Hashem of sacrifices of God. that the kohein gadol gets first dibs in it. Shlay b'machlokes and no fighting over it. Had yit b'machlokes however when it comes to the regular kohein, the regular kohein he has to have that he has to um split it up with everybody else. That means the kohein gadol he gets the doesn't have to share it with anybody. The kohein hedyot he has to share it. koidesh kodashim he lahem for them that they cannot um eat at that time. They can it's considered holy. Eilam chelek b'al al acharonah isham that the only time they're allowed to eat it after God gets his portion. Only then are they allowed to have it as well. Verse four. Now if you bring a grain offering but not the grain offering but this grain offering is myfetainer was baked in an oven. Then it must be made as seles chalos matzos. It must be made of unleavened loaves. It cannot be chometz. b'lulis b'shemen mixed with oil or if you have flat unleavened cakes m'shuchin b'shemen that are smeared with oil. So here we have two different kinds. One that was baked in an oven that it has oil in it. And the other one is that it's smeared on the top with a little bit of oil. Let's see Rashi. Verse four. The key sacrifice Now there's here is another two kinds of meal offerings. If a person says I'm going to bring an offering that I cooked in an that I baked in an oven. So that means it can be loaves or it can be flatbreads. So that means he can bring loaves or he can bring flatbreads. uh crackers. The difference is that the challos are actually kneaded together with oil. But the kikin and the flat ones the matzos are m'shuchin and all these smeared with oil. However, the rabbis discuss what does it mean it was smeared with oil? Yesh omerim some say that he smears them and after they're already soaked and saturated in oil. Choyzer m'shuchin he keeps on keeps on smearing them in oil until he finishes all the oil of the look. Chakol l'mincha because every every meal offering you have to bring at least a look of oil. Yesh omerim some say he smears it like to make a sea of oil and the leftover oil the kohein eat. Mah talmud leimer bashemen why does it say twice oil? To tell me that the oil that I use here I can even use it. It doesn't have to have the first drop if you recall in parshas tzavah we spoke about the first drop of oil and all the other kinds of oil that I can use all kinds of oil that comes from the olives is kosher. oil illuminated and that's only for the menorah by zachus it says it's pure. And then we learned also in the tractate of menachos kol hamenachos tzeva'osav all the uh meal offerings that are mentioned here are talking about that are done were baked before the fistful was taken as we mentioned previously. However, these that are already baked the fistful is taken after they baked. When they are brought it comes 10 challos. When it talks about the flatbreads and the matzos you're bringing at least 10 of them as well. Verse five. If however the grain offering is made in a shallow frying pan seles b'lulan it was then mixed with oil matzos tiya should be considered must be unleavened. Rashi. If a person says that I want to bring a meal offering that's in a frying pan ukli mikdash there was a vessel that was in the holy temple sh'eifen b'mincha l'or that they would fry uh these things on the fire b'shemen in the oil It wasn't a deep vessel it was a frying pan as we would know today. ma'aseh mincha sh'b'decha they would they would take them the the ingredients of the meal offering were in it. And what happened was since it's very there's no walls it's being fried and something that becomes fried becomes crisp. And that's what we're talking about here. The kulan tuni sh'lishis magnishamin all of these whether it's the loaves that are saturated in oil the ones that are made into crackers or the fried ones the fried crisps they all need oil with them. And how the oil is done you see that they would pour the oil or knead oil All of them have to have the oil put into an empty vessel. That means before they mixed it together with the flour. seles b'lulan made she even seles that he has to mix it with the oil while it's still flour. It has to be mixed with oil. Verse six. pasisi pitim After baking it into loaves what you're going to do is you break it into pieces. Then vi'atzaq al hashemen you'll pour oil on it. The rest of the oil that you have. shemen mincha hi this becomes a grain offering as an offering. vi'atzaq al hashemen mincha hi we mentioned previously that all the meal offerings need oil with it. yachol af minchas mafetainer kaintzei I would think even the one that are baked in the oven as well. Talmud leimer aleha on it oitsi es hachalos v'lo oitsi es hakikin that I exclude the loaves that already have the oil in it but I don't exclude these crackers that were made previously. Talmud leimer hi that those two kinds that are baked in the oven whether it may be the loaves or the crackers that do not need to pour the oil afterwards only the one that is fried that needs the oil. This concludes the second Torah reading for Monday parshas vayikra.