Rabbi Avrohom Reit Presentation about Shofar, Lulav and Esrog Part 2

And the er forms later. Every esri in the world, every espig in the world had to have a pitam at one point. Not only every but every single fruit in the world, no matter what fruit it is, whether it's a tomato or a cucumber or a orange, apples, every single fruit in the world started off with a pitam. Even the ones that fall off, >> whether it's an esrig on 99% of all fruits in the world, it falls off right away. Nobody ever came to the store and found a found with a pitum on it. You can find blueberries that still have the pitham on that. You can find you can find um cucumbers that still have the pithum. That's not that's not so uncommon. But even I've even seen it on squash pitums. But on most fruit, most healthy fruit, the pitum falls off before it makes it to the market. On the S-rig, the pitum stays on. There you go. There's the pithm. And eventually, as the SR develops, the pithm falls off. That's a normal natural occurrence. It happens on all fruit in the world. And it happens on many many many varieties of aspig. Also another picture of the of the pitum drying up and getting ready to fall off. And another picture. And hopefully by this point you're convinced that the every in the world started out with a pitum and the pitum dries up and falls off. And that's a normal natural event on most. Some continue to develop with the pit. Scientifically, it's because of theness of the tree. That means that the tree is not being taken care of properly. It doesn't have the full One second. Um, it doesn't have the full um nutrients that it needs and culturally that meant that meant that the people are not taking good care of the tree. Therefore, they're not going to be mark of it either. Because if they really cared that the fruit should have great um great quality they would then potentially potentially they they might be mark of it. If they don't care enough to take good care of their tree then they also don't care enough to be mark of it. This was the cultural idea behind the importance of a pitim. the pitim which is discussed in the gar and discussed in the um in the all that but naturally it always falls off there. There you go. The pit fell off this sig. Now that SIR eventually if it continues to grow that little bit will fill in the little bit of I can't my laser doesn't work on the screen but you see there's a little gap between the main body of the SRig and what used to be the pitum and eventually that will continue to grow like a balloon. It keeps getting bigger and bigger. The tail of the balloon stays a little bit longer than everything else until you get that last puff of air that are bigger. So as the as develops, but they're not going to let the ever grow that big because when the cutters, the growers cut their they cut their to be more or less the size they should be able to hold the estri and your lul the whole business in your hands comfortably. It shouldn't be too big to hold it. So they plan when they're going to cut the and they get it. So they're not going to wait for it to grow that much bigger. But in theory, if they would let us grow a little bit bigger, it would be um it would be um it would fill there. >> Um a program that we buy and we say that there's a pitum there. Then what is that? It didn't dry up and fall off. What is that? >> And there's two ways they get it done. One is that certain trees just because they're not good quality trees, they stay on. That's one reason. The second reason why they get him to stay on um may say it now is that there's a chemical that they discovered during the Vietnam War, I don't remember the name of it, but it's famous as being agent orange. It was the main part of Agent Orange. And what they realized during Vietnam War is when they sprayed the the jungles with these chemicals, the fruit that were growing in the jungles kept the pitms on. No matter what it was, oranges, whatever fruit that they were growing in the the jungles, the pitum stayed on that this chemical to now they mix this chemical, a mash of it, not that much of it cuz it's it's it's powerful enough to kill you. They pick a little mash of it enough to keep the pitum on the Sri. So most have pitums today are >> no. took in free of decadas over there. Nobody had to pick them on the esri >> most depending where the esrig was depending which country you started from and where it was going and what was what was the cultural practices of the country it it's it it's it's not >> it dried up and it fell off nobody had a pit on the >> not saying some people depending if you lived in Italy and you were near the paradise and you picked your the right time you can still have a bit the guy going to unlike other fruit don't have a Apples blossom in the in the spring and they get harvested in the fall. Peaches blossom in the spring and they get harvested in the beginning of the summer. Right? Every fruit has a season when it when it blossoms and when it grows. You can't find apple blossoms on a tree today. Today you only can pick the fully grown food fruit and blossom all year long and they and they continue to grow all year long. And unlike apples, apple gets a certain size, it's going to fall off the tree naturally. A soyum won't. Soyum will continue to grow and grow and grow. >> Every can be used as a family. >> Any essay? Yes. I I have definitely had a came from various parts of Mexico that were the size of cantalopes. >> Why? >> Because like them. >> So how come it doesn't fall off for its weight? Um, you have to ask Dish to that question. >> Okay. So, hope by this point you got the point that the tips most fall off and these tips that sometimes are considered pitm are not real pitums. They're fake. Okay. So, how do you tell if a pitum fell off naturally? If a pithm fell off naturally like we showed you earlier that's how it grows and then it's a kasher es it's not considered if the pitum got knocked off at some later point then it's that means that this part of the is missing and it's a so there's a second reason early we spoke that the pitam being a sim that cultural it's not the place don't say this but culturally it was considered a sim that it was it was um not the trees are not Morov because again if the if the growers cared so much about their they would do things to take good care of their trees they would also um potentially remark of them but being that they don't take care of their trees that that is the gart is the same thing some have glo it's the same idea that the gart is a sign that the sichu is not well taken care of and that's why the fruit are not properly formed. They they're a little bit like emaciated and therefore the same idea that that the grower doesn't care about his trees enough to take care of them. He probably also not being marketed then. Okay. So, how do you take tell the if it um if it if the pitum came off naturally? So you see the red line red the red arrow is pointing at a little brown ring a little brown ring underneath the crusty cauliflower like top. That brown ring is the obsision cells. That's the cells that form when a plant is shedding its thing when it's falling off the tree. Every leaf that falls off in the fall has this little ring around it. That's that shows you that it fell off growing naturally on the tree. the the pitum fell off in a natural way. That little brown ring that you see in this picture. The other problem of a pit of if a pit falls off is a problem of and and there are other problems of which which are common that we're going to talk about. >> They always have to have the brown ring. If it doesn't have the brown ring then >> no there are other ways to tell that. I'm going to show you them later. >> Is there a thing off while it's growing? Is it culture or not? It's knocked off while it's growing. That's a contemporary mist and among contemporary pkim. Whichever book you can read is tell you whichever opinion the rabbi that they consulted with. If you look in the different books written the modern books today, they have different opinions on this depending on who they're quoting. Okay, this is the same the same thing. This is the cauliflower top. The cauliflower topic also shows that the continued to grow after the pitum came off which is a sign that it came off on the tree and it and it came off normal natural typical way that's supposed to come off. We spoke about that brown precision line already and here you have another idea. Follow that arrow. The arrow is again at the precision line. And then there's another thing here. You see that? Now this arrow is showing you there's a little indentation, a little indentation where the pitum had been. Again, that's a sign that the that the pitm fell off in earliest age and and continue to grow. This sign of the hole, the indentation, the mish mentions it as a gumma. A guma is a a depression, a little hole. Mishu mentions that's a sign to show that the pitum grew off fell off at an early stage. Here you have an S rig that the pitum came off later. You see in the in the top picture of the call out on the left side you see there's no position zel just a bruise around the area and the top of the S rig is also is rough and bruised. It doesn't look like that cauliflower crusty picture we had earlier here. This one is even worse. You can see in the top top right side, you can see inside the estri that that the pitum came off. It got knocked off. This probably fell. This probably fell and that's how the pit got knocked off and taken a good chunk of it. Here you go. That looks like a caution cell, the the cauliflower. And we're going to show you a few more pictures of the same idea. Get used to it. Know what a SRig um looks like. Okay, next part is this is the ukut. The ukut is the bottom part of the estrig. It's the word ukut means the thought piece that sticks out. It's a natural part. Again, all fruit grew on the tree hanging from it. Apples, you can buy your apple, you can buy your blueberries, they still have the ukat that they hung on the tree from. Okay. Now what happens over here and sometimes if an SIG is not stored properly or sometimes in order to get it up to the size that they want it to be to sell it they pump the tree with a lot of water before they before they harvest them theum balloon but just like a balloon if you don't tie it tightly it loses the air theum if you don't seal those tightly they lose their ear the ear the juice the water comes out of them and this you see the the started separating either I don't know remember if this is just the is old and the started to separate cuz just like any fruit you leave in the refrigerator for too long it's going to start to shrivel or if or here see that line oh that's that's a different that different point okay I'm trying to where the ukat is I'm going to skip this this is where the ukat line is you see that you see that the dotted line is the outside of the SR rig. The ukat extends inside the SR. And therefore, if the comes off like in this picture, then you're missing part of your SRIG and your SR is now considered a came off just cuz it's rough. >> Take a picture. Look at that. You see what it looks like? >> You can technically trim the hookas, right? >> Yeah, you can trim it shorter than this. Yeah. this as the ukus is starting to shrivel. The sie is starting to shrivel and the ukus might fall off and if it falls off you might be in trouble depending on how much of it comes off but anyway you see how it's separating. Okay, this is the next part of is if there's a missing piece of the skin, how much of the skin, how much missing of the skin, how deep inside the rig is it. So, this is a and the next I'm not going to go into that right now, but I want to show you the layers. Here you have a cross-section of an esrig and you see starting from the center, we have what's called the juice ax. That would be like the part of the orange that you would eat. Then you have the white part the pith and then you have in the yellow part you see that there's different stages of yellow. There's different stages of yellow. It's very blurred and then it gets darker and more solid and then it gets totally solid. The outermost layer which is the totally solid layer is only as thin as a sheet of paper. Maybe not even maybe as thin as a onion skin. Okay. So the outside is a mo that the says the next line is a layer of yellowess. Um then the next line is the white part and then the next part is the inner juice sacks. Those are the four layers of the is that if the outermost layer which is which are there it says very thin that if that's missing is that it's not a problem that's not only if the second layer or deeper is missing. The second layer is the um is where the if you're starting from the top right the first arrow pointing down the first arrow pointing up is the second layer. >> How could you know >> where's that line? How do you know? Well, let's go back a second. You can see you see here the cross-sections. There's one thin layer which the outermost layer is the thickness of a sheet of paper or thinner. But the color >> that's called the color being >> it's it's a it's a little bit the color m associates with the color not because it's the color that makes the difference but because he's just identifying it that that is the thickest strongest colored part of the estray. Once you get once you get deeper inside the estrate the color starts to >> um lighter. >> It's too late. >> What? >> See why >> that you see why it's too late. Any person could identify the difference between green and yellow. You have to >> there's not green and yellow. That's not the point of it. The the point is the thicknesses of of the layers. The outermost layer is very very thin and it's a solid layer. The the layer is solid and the color is solid and inside the color is hazy. The next layer the color is a little bit hazier. >> A membrane so to speak is a solid color. The outer membrane >> it's not you can call it a membrane. It's skin. >> Skin. And then the next layer is a is a hazy color. >> Yeah. And then the third is white. >> Is white. Yeah. You see it a little sharper over here. I'm sorry about that. >> Right. >> So when someone let's say puts a finger nail in >> look at look look at this area over here on this area. If a person puts his fingernail into an aspect, don't buy it. Move on to the next one. >> No, we're saying he finds it is only possible the first day. First day. Okay. Okay, here you see another another here you see in the circle area the same kind of idea but you see all the layers and if you look at the call outs what happened was in this you can see you see what we cut it in different stages you can see as we cut it in deeper exactly this we found in a store on the table so all the pictures of theum over here were allum pictures of that we found here and not in here. I mean months on in on the tables in stores. I didn't go there only one picture you see later I went to actually to a paradise and took a picture of the S regrowing for one problem. Everything else is things I found on tables. >> Okay. The other one you see that bruise over there in blue circle. >> So because I hit it white so that's the problem. >> Yeah. >> And if you see the gliton is out then it's not a problem. >> It's very hard for most people to know what the glidelion is missing and not missing. It it could be a machu. It could be a lighting issue. You might not really missing. It could be a lighting issue. It could be there's different reasons. It could be your poor vision. I know you wear glasses. You don't wear glasses. You know, it could be it could be it could be it could be you more than it could be the problem of the it's different. >> But once you get used to >> once you get used to then you after you looked at 100 you would you'd be able to tell the difference. Correct. >> Lo and once it's not there and that's possible that's a problem. >> Yeah. >> Even a mu. Yes. >> No. >> No. But I thought you said the white is not a >> No. The um I shouldn't say what the talks about the different stages. I can go back to um >> there's three layers of No, I'm going back. I'm going back over here. Um how far back? No, not this one here. Um this one here. Not this one. This one. It's um it's this you have to read this. You have to read this. Um it's it's more than I want to talk about this today. >> What about what about basically the scratches that you see and it's white. >> So it's HTBT. I I can't answer that question without seeing it but have to be there. >> Oh, >> I have to see it real. I can't I can't answer that in a theoretical way. And it seems to be obvious that it was a scratch. >> So the scratching a scratch is is not the question. The question is is missing or not missing. >> Is it missing? >> It's not a that's ble. >> We have to really worry if it's missing or not. If it's not missing then it's a different >> We're going to talk about coming up soon. >> Okay. So here we have a paradise again. I'm back over there in Bamesh and we found a little hole. And why is that hole significant? Is that when the reason why they put the shades up is to protect the estrogen from the sun. They're very susceptible to the sun. If they spray pesticides, they irrigate the strogan. They spray water on the on the in the on the trees. It hits on the SR and then the sun hits the drop of water and you have a situation like that magnifying glass trick where you get a magnifying glass and a sun ray and you can burn a leaf, right? So you get the same thing happening to your asoyum asum like this. This is that dot on the sri is a burn means the sun burnt a hole in the sig. In the next picture we um we cleaned it out. You see there in the bottom one top and the bottom with two holes two burns. We cleaned the bottom one a little better than the top one. You can see that it was burnt. The was burnt. It had a like I said probably some water got on it or something and the sun rays was intensified and the burnt again. This is a this is a um we found this on the table in a store in Flapush. >> What? >> What >> is that? Aer >> for sure. >> It's missing. You can see it. It's into the white. The white is down to the white. It's definitely okay. Moving on to the next topic. Man. So there's different kinds of num. There's num that's kasha that's ple and different colors. So the worst color is a black dot. Okay. The worst color is a black dot. Not every black dot is a black dot. But black dots get all the attention. this specific black dot. I I told one of my friends who who was working at that time at a paradise that a lot of black dots are really dirt and they're going to come off and this guy told me it's not true. I work on the paradise. I know they're real and he >> black problem cuz the sun burnt it. >> No, the black dots could be a problem. We said before was because the sun burnt it. Now moving on to the fact that there's a thing called a man. A speckled Srig is ple that's called man. Oh, it says on top, right? A man is ple that's where it come from though. >> Where does it come from? >> So, we're going to talk about that soon. Where what the real one is. I called and this person brought me an SRI and and he took a picture of it out there in Mexico and he sent me the thing and then he came back a week later with Srig wrapped up and we opened the Srig and there was no dot there. It had fallen off. We knew exactly where to look because we had a picture of it. >> What happened? >> Some black dots are dirt. Forget about those. Go ahead. >> If it's not dirt, you take a toothpick and you get rid of it. >> So then you might you might have made things worse because you might have you might have scratched your ass. So what's a real black dot? A real black dot is this picture was taken on a paradis in during shmita were not being cared for. They were not being sprayed with pesticides. They were not being given any nutrients. And it has black dots of rot. Good old rot. And that's the black dot. And it also has white dots. And that's the black dots and the white dots that the place are talking about. The esri itself is deteriorated and black and rotting. It's not a very common thing on this that you're going to see in the stores that go 100, $200, $300. It's not very common. In fact, it's very rare. Most black dots that you see are either the first thing, it's a mark of carbon, a burn. Be very careful about that. Don't touch it yourself. But let the sales guy clean it for you. If it doesn't come off, so if it comes off and the SA is green underneath, you're good. If it or yellow, whatever. If it doesn't come off, so then it could be that it's still dirt or it could be that it's a black that it's burnt. It's very unlikely that it's really a black dot that's fossil. It's very rare. Most likely it's dirt. Sometimes the continues to grow around the edge of the dirt and even though it's a tiny bit, the dirt's not coming off so fast. So some in some discussions though it's not it's practical life it's not so common to have to know what is butum gets a lot of attention. So we're going to talk about what is means the peak of the sray. What's the there's a few we'll go through them one at a time here is that the is one line across the rig. It's just that purple line just the purple line over there where the estri changes angles. That street is Rashi. The more famous street of the rash where it's the whole slope. The whole top of that is this. >> What was Rashi again? I'm sorry. >> Rashi is just the one purple line. >> That's it. >> That's it. Just one stripe. >> Oh, >> and the rash. It's the the whole top. And then there's one more of the Rambam where it's above the D red line. Three shitas. We're concerned about all of them. practically it's not so relevant because the things that are worse that are more p on the than any place else like a black dot or something like I said before black dots are not the black that are not so common and the ones that we do see like one makes as a soul no matter where in the it is so >> but if you hold the not dirt you hold that it's mana then it is a problem on the top >> if you hold that it's not dirt if you don't it's not a question you hold the question what the fact is >> if your rub says that after he should come talk to me >> before it's or it's man. So man is more of an issue on the peak on the >> man is more of an issue on the peak. A lot of the abundant when they're looking at they're sitting at the tables they're looking at but they're not looking at the true >> they don't look like you >> okay so now there's a thing called a khaz which is a thing that grows on nobody really really knows what is everybody has their own guesses their own theories exactly what it is what what are talking about really talks about it I think we're talking about what is and I'm just giving you m what might be is something that grows like bubbles Yeah, I'm just going back a second here. It's of the is it looks like bubble on the So, this is something that can go wrong in aim. It's called a citrus can um canker which could be a which could be the problem of of um of a kaz. Nobody really knows what it is. But the problem with kaz is what if you saw a real ess of any sort it probably would never make it to the market because nobody is transporting and importing and going through the whole hassle of taking it from to here or even to the market if the the is garbage and nobody's not going to buy it. So the real is not you're never going to see but what you could see is the problem that we talk about is and associates with really they associate the with the problem of is now what exactly is a blel and what causes a blel is a very interesting idea this is something I wrote many years ago um since then I read a book which is titled the same title that I have um it's called the katama I don't have my book on because it's out of print but there's a fellow who wrote a book yak of talik wrote a book called the katama. The whole book is dedicated to understanding what causes blah. It's a fascinating book. It's available I don't not too much available here in there regular stores. It's like a specialty item. It's a fascinating book. But if you really care about really care about it's an absolute must readad. Um so are caused either by bruises that happen to the that's choice number one. That's the common theory. That's how most contemporary people think of that. that caused by bruises. And the same way if you get a scratch, you're going to get a scab. If an ESO gets a scratch, ES is going to get a scab. Um, according to this guy Pollock, um, who sometimes comes to America. Um, he was he was he was last year he came to Lakewood. He spoke in Lakewood for a few times. According to this fella, um, what we call what we see is not these are all bug bites. The things that we call belt are called bug bites. Um, and what color? >> Whatever. We'll see. Whatever it is. So, this is the common theory that grow on trees and you see that are tied they're tied up and the trees have they they they trim off the leaves of the and the bang into each other. And the problem with the bang into each other, they get bruised and anything gets bruised like any thorns also. >> The thorns. Yeah. Here. Um trees. >> Um yeah. So they thin out the they thin they tie the leaves. They tie the branches that they shouldn't bang into each other. They cut off the leaves. The argum leaves are sharp. They you can cut yourself by touching a leaf the wrong way. The leaves are very sharp and there are also thorns on the trees and after everything said and done, it leaves bruises and marks on the esgo. So these are the solutions. They tie up the trees in various ways and they trim off the thorns, the various tricks that they have. At the end of the day, you're still left with some things that are bloodl um let's go back over here. Right. So, you see something like you see this um I'm sorry, but that's that's happening cuz I'm touching the mic with the same hand. You see the area over here? You see that area over there? Um this one different different sizes, different shapes, different places. It's all basically the same thing. It's caused by either an S got banged over there. >> Well, you scratch that all the time. >> What >> that last slide? You see that all the time. >> You see all these different things. These are all pictures I took at a regular asteric stores. >> And these are all question. Yes. Some Well, depends what you're doing. Bleneral don't make it possible. The bleal itself, it's the bl could some make it lose hither. Um if there's too many blatl where it's located and then the big question is what caused the blat? What caused the black? My personal opinion that most of these things are not a problem because I'll show you in the next coming up very soon that this specific I remember this specific you see the stuff in the circle. It comes off the stuff comes off and they see it here in this picture. The Srig the BL coming off and when the blood come off that means that they're not part of the Srig and there's no damage to the SRG underneath. You can see the skin of the underneath that let come off. And in fact, I said this year over here probably in the same room a few years ago and sher was in the room and I made a comment that not only the come off naturally like in these pictures but there are professional people whose business is to peel the bl off an if you have a gorgeously shaped rig and it's beautiful and clean all around and then there's one little blel on it and you could if it be a perfect you charge $500 for And because that bloodl goes down to $200, there's a guy whose job is the guyy's job is to peel off those bloodl. And the regular consumer would never know the difference. You see a beautiful why not? Beautiful. No, he didn't believe me. We went next door that time in one of these buildings here. I don't remember which one it was, but one of the buildings there was a guy selling aum. And we went downstairs and I showed on the table three that had the blel peeled off and the wasn't wasn't wasn't the guy in the the guy was running the shop started to laugh why you laughing says the guy who peeled off the blel walked out the door as you were walking in like he didn't these things didn't even have time to dry so to speak you know to dry he just did this whole table where all the stuff he peeled off and he just peeled off all the blood from this whole table I didn't have time to organize and put it back into the boxes He just walked out the door. >> Picture what it looks like afterwards. >> No, no. This is what it looks like when it comes off naturally. >> No. So, you have a picture of >> Oh, with those stuff. I didn't think of that. >> Oh. >> How would we be able to recognize? >> What do you care? What do you care? That's what looks good. I can tell the difference. You can't tell the difference. What do you care? >> Tell the is natural. It should be fine. >> The ble comes off naturally. What's the difference? Or it comes off professionally. Who cares? The bottom line is Estri is kosher. It looks beautiful. The point is I want to go into the store said, "Oh, there was a blood over here. Can you give it to me cheaper?" >> You don't know how to take off the blood. >> This stuff is plain dirt. The stuff that's inside this picture. >> Um, this okay holes in are not very common and they're talked about in the Mishna. They talked about they but they're not very common. What you do have is this. This is the top of a of a Yemenite arrig and this is the spot where the pitm had grown from and it's a little bit you can see in the picture that the center center is open and what what is that opening? So let's take a let's take a look at this a cross-section of the this top part where the red line is the top of that is the that's not so important but that's typically where it is. Now what could happen is if that there was a hole from that green as was in the hole over there if that hole reached down into the below the into the then is parcel it's considered a nevi are very common that they have this little hole in the olden days when they didn't have um when they didn't have pitums now they spray was it was happened. You you'd see Here you have an S rig which we cut which had a hole and we cut it open and you see how big the hole went. How far down did it go? It didn't go down to the Here you have another one. We had a potential hole. And let's talk back a second. So I personally tested a bunch of soy and how do you test it? You could drop something. I'm not going to say what because I don't want you to try it at home. But you can put something into the hole and then you can see how deep it went in and then you can hold it on the outside of the and more or less guess that how deep it went in and if it how deep the the always below the so we cut open many many and not just me but many people I've spoken to in the industry cut open many they never found that this problem the hole on the top of the that you had in Yemenite or the they never ever saw that the hole should go deep enough to be a problem. So, in theory, it could potentially could be a problem. If it came up, I would recommend that you check it. But if you never checked it before and you don't check it in the future, it's in theory, it's still kosher. Okay? Now, this is just a cute little thing. There's a Mishna that says if you grew the ESRI in a in a form in a mold and it came a certain form. So if it's the same form of an SRI, it's kosher. And then the says it's if it looks like um like paddles of a water wheel. So shell, right? So that's the rashi. It looks like the the the the ridges of the s look like the water water wheel. That's kosher. But if you look differently then it's possible. So why is that considered kosher? Here you have a naturally growing SR rig on the tree still and you see that the um the stuff on it is ridge like a water wheel. Okay. Um I think that that's the final slide in this series. Oh no, there's more. Oh, Morov. Oh, that's Morov. Okay. You ready to buckle your seats? Morov is the >> Yeah. Yeah. It's the big it's the big um called the elephant in the room. It's the big guy. It's the phantom problem that we're always worried about by Okay. So what's the problem? Morov is something that all say is a problem. It's possible. All say that is possible. Why is possible? Different give different reasons. Partly because it's something else mixed into the esrig. It's not a full rig. You holding on something else. Others say it's because the Torah says you're not allowed to use it. How could you bring something to the you're not make of you're not make? How can you bring something for the mitzvah that the said I'm not happy how you made this? No difference of what the is. So how do you identify a morov and is a path to identify a morov? So let's first look about how what a morov tree looks like. So this is an artist drew this to me and the on the left side you have a tree which is sort of going undergoing a cover means that the guy cut two different trees. He put let's say a apricot tree just making that up apricot tree with a essay tree. And the next picture is after the her cover worked and the and and it caught. So you're going to see a scar. Typically they don't do her cover so high up on the on the tree. They do it on the very bottom. I I imagine that you have it over here in my also, but in New York City every once in a while the city plants trees and they put in fully grown trees. How do they get these fully grown trees? So they take root stock, they plant a tree, they have a lot of little trees. They take the rootstock, they cut the top of it off and they take a branch of another tree, a long branch of another tree and they can this and they could and they attach the tool. They do a they graft it and this way they get their tall trees much faster than they had to wait 5 years for the tree to grow that big. They get it done in one season. Great idea. It's more assuming that whatever they're doing, they're doing it in a way which is it's New York City. I don't care, you know, it's not my problem if they're if they're doing also. I mean, is not happy, but it's not something I have any influence over. Hakova typically happens at the very very very bottom of the tree. At the very bottom, you see the bottom left there's like a dirt line. Hakava typically happens at the dirt line. That's where they would do typical cover. You want to see where they do it? They walk around New York City. See, every tree on the ground in New York New York City along the sidewalks has a has that mark of line. So on the original tree that they did that cover, there's a there's a telltale sign that never goes away that this tree is Morov. What can I do? I can hide it. How do I hide it? I take a shovel, pile some dirt around that line. It's the bottom the bottom of the tree. Come back in two days. You won't see it. Okay, I can take I can I can go digging for it, take a shovel, dig it away. I'll see it again. Great. All this talks about is the tree that I did the if I take an off that tree and I plant the seeds of that to make a new tree, that itself is a mor of and the seeds are pulled. If I use a if I plant a new tree from that, I'll never see the mark of lime because it's the I'm not looking at the original tree. Look at the next tree and the next tree you'll never see the Morov line and that was the that was the problem on that that was the bigger problem the original one problem was the Morov did people more people mark of the tree that's one problem a another but that you can somehow or other identify if you go down to the paradise and look at it a second problem which is a bigger problem that can't be identified is if somebody planted a work of SRIG and grew a new tree that's you You can never know about that. So for the first problem, I could just send my RV my down to the paradise. He looks at he sees no no the answering is good. But the other problem, I have no way to tell by looking at the tree. So I need to have some for that. >> You're asking a very very difficult question and nobody knows the answer. Nobody knows the answer. Okay, the m brings something that talk about the original source for this is there's a letter that had a cousin who was cousin and he wrote a letter that he wrote that the way to tell it to from a nonorov is these four these four things a nonorov has a nomatum. It has a bumpy has a bumpy um surface. The ukus is recessed and the seeds inside the srig are aligned um pointing upwards. The seeds the shape of the seeds are pointing upwards. That's what Katanburg wrote to the um to the that's identified and that sort of became a standard. People quote it all the time. The problem is that theam points out that it's not true. It doesn't work. That you can have a growing two going the same time on the same branch of the same tree and one has all the simum and one doesn't have any simum and they're growing the same branch of the same tree at the same time. And it's been proven many times over that when they're young don't have the simum. When they first start to develop on the tree, they don't have simum. As they grow longer on the tree, they get the shimanum. So if I'm harvesting aum and I take two and take the small ones and the bigger ones, the smaller ones will not have theum. The big ones will have theum. Some some types ofum only grow theum much later as they get bigger. Some types get when they're much younger. So the simum are not very helpful. First of all because they as I said they they're not they don't they're not they're not not true of smallest which is pretty common by us. Secondly is because um it's not true. The Morov will also have this. A Morov as much as it's a Morov will also have the okay. And then there was a second opinion in the that the will have the even stronger and more prevalent and more standing out than the others. So basically the the talk about them but practically they're not very helpful to know about. We still talk about them and we take pride in our has a lot of them and all that. It's great but it doesn't really it's not it's not very valuable says it's not >> is it a hther the fact that it's >> it makes it definitely makes you feel more comfortable but if it's not but is there possible it it have a notic benefit so it's not benefit a no does it look nicer that's your opinion I Atheralis putting silver on the so that's a h that's h mitzvah on the talis not more in the mitzvah the are the same it just makes the talis look nicer people right so so that's the sha so plenty of people put silver on the hold it's a hther makes the talis look nicer that's yeah this is just this is a picture of the of the of the of the um the general sh it's it's a bumpy skin It has a srig. It has a pithum. It has a uk that's recessed. This ukat is not so recessed. And that has to do with the fact that it's a little bit of a younger srig. It didn't grow long enough on the tree that the should that the should grow around the ukat. Here's a swigg that has some seeds that are lined the right way and some seeds that are almost lined the right way, but not great. So basically what came up was that because there's a possibility of Morov and the reason why is because the tree lasts longer and grows better and produces more fruit. So that was the theory behind being marovit. So it there's always potential that any one place might be growing that it might be a work of so came up came up was that certain communities gel were mocked to get their from a certain place that they knew were based on their research that went down the check different stories all the paper trailers exist many books have been written on the various communities where straum grew why those were chosen to be the providers of a one of the most famous places was the looks like it doesn't have a pitum. If it has a pitum, you have to second guess. That is only until recently now that they use these chemicals to keep the pitums on pums. Always had a pit. If it doesn't have pit, you have to wonder why it doesn't have pitum. They always had the pits. Is usually like the perfect looking. It has all the shimanum. It looks gorgeous. It's always the right size, always the right color, always the right shape. It's you you get the mo they're always shiny and yellow. Um the yrig usually when they come available in the stores, they're usually green. They turn yellow over time. It's very rare to find one that that um that's yellow. The reason is because the grow much bigger much sorry the grow much bigger much faster. So they don't ripen and turn yellow naturally until they're much bigger. And therefore when they harvest them as I said before they harvest them in the time they ch hold it in your hand the other lul so they harvest them very small they're not nearly as developed as the other soy therefore they're much more frequently that they come green also they take longer to develop and therefore also most mirac doesn't really look like much like an it looks a little bit like a no like a slumpy thing. It doesn't really it some it could have beautiful ones also but you definitely get them much very commonly where they don't have the bumpy skin and it does have a pitum if it doesn't pit them you have to wonder what happened and then um this is really more there's a real disc like this when when the started coming to the start going to you know the late 1800s they started getting very involved involved in soy. There's a lot of so growing all over it soil wild and their bunum various got involved and many different were involved at many different levels and many different places many different times and one of the most famous people involved was very involved that's why it's called and one of the most famous people to be involved was Maru Diskin Maril Diskin had been the brisk before he came there to also called the biscar mul dan and he did a tremendous amount of research to figure out what the real aster The problem was that nobody preserved his research after he was nifa. Nobody bothered to make have a record or propagate those that he was taking from later like I'm I'm doing it later the real discan died over 100 years ago more like 20 years ago people woke up and said hey where did you get from they started doing research and they did discover that there were aml of the various people that were associated with me discan that had planted esum from the discreum and you could get them still and they re they sort of reinvented um the mar disc um with a pretty solid m it's another that doesn't really look like an SRI but it's if you believe in it it's the very the most most popular given today depending where you live where you where you come from is either Yanov as some people are very into the some people won't use the Yanov some people are very into the Moroccan some people won't use the Moroccan some people are Some people won't use each one has its people that are for and against. If you want to know the stories, I write about them in the book, which is not here, but I do write about all those different stories in the book. The the Kaz came to right after this period and came in the 19 um 1920s, but he until he got involved with the um till he got involved was a little later. Khanesh got involved and he tried to figure out what what what was Maril Diskan looking for? What did Maril Diskan discover? He didn't know that Merl Diskan had people that still keep. So he went looking and he he tra he he sort of retraced his steps in Maldiskan to rediscover the Maldiskan unknown and he came out with two. One was one he gave to Vizk which was panovich and he told him to plant a tree and make a from it. That tree is still there now almost 100 years later and usual for tree that you have a lifespan of like 15 to 20 years and this tree is over 100 years later has to whatever it is but the tree is still there was like 5 years ago it was still there and this is what a left s would look like he gave another sigri to his halpin which shapes and Um also Khaz he um he got an asigum don't look the sim don't look the same they look each one is distinct and they look distinct from all the other kinds ofum just like there's many fruit called apples there's red delicious and there's granny and there's lady apples and there's crab apples they all are apples they look like apples and they don't look like each other there's many types of soy they all look the same sort of and they all look a little bit different um but in some circles. The most important S-RIG is that the left witch or the palpern. It's varies um depends where you go. Each each community sort of hopped onto one SRIG of it and held on to that. Okay. Um I think we're going to stop over here. We didn't get the Lulov, but that's okay. Um and the books are for sale if people would like. There's more of the different types available. Um okay. in the airport like >> practically speaking it's not today because you don't care all that stuff >> and those are all simums that have to do with the various ideas of what's considered a >> it's not a >> it's not a matter right it's only a matter of what's considered what's a not a and if >> then because it doesn't have who made it what's a two if it's a tree this is more of a How does how does why does it make it more like a look? The only thing is cuz a morov wouldn't be that way. That's the only reason why that's more of a why is this more than that more? The answer is it's because that that's a sign that's not available. >> No. >> Um if you if you like people like you said that you like >> Yeah. It's such a quote but I don't >> you said it's glitter. >> It's not my part. It's not part of my speech. >> I'm saying but you're not sure of it. You're not sure if it's >> not part of my speech. >> You said isn't if it's Muslim. >> It's not. >> So just >> or not. It says is there >> as long as you peel off the and there's still yellow underneath. You should be okay. >> Even if you peel and even if nothing do that's an independent question. And it's still on regardless. There's nothing missing. There's nothing missing from the >> No, but if you don't do it well, if you don't do you don't do if you don't do well, you you could you could you could go deeper and make yourself problems. The bigger problem is that you're going to that if you don't do well, you're going to discolor the turn brown like a bruise after two three days. >> Okay. What you're saying about the sim in which people talk about being again the the bumps and the grease is only because >> only because those are supposed in terms of they're not really >> right. I mean unless you like the look like he thinks he looks >> but I mean that's that's totally p personal >> that's personal >> right there's no something >> right right >> I just wanted to doesn't mention any of it >> doesn't talk about the bumps in this kind of recess too bad go ahead >> I just wanted to confirm the price on these three >> 35 35 and 20 22 I think >> I'm sorry >> 35 35 that's 70 22 is 92 >> that's borrow >> for a few seconds it's it's it's valuable in the sense that I made this myself and I have to get I have to replace it. It's complicated. >> By the way, the thing have you noticed the difference in the size of the hole? This one is actually can make the heart thin because actually a very big hole inside it. Do any shin talk meaning is is the first time I talk about work is >> this true is this true from sh don't talk about so you mean people fact that the talk about okay I'm saying but the fact don't talk about is not even like >> what's all this has been discussed >> I said what's the go go go read up on yourself everybody has their own opinion what what's some of what's some of the theories why >> why why it wasn't discussed >> yeah I mean was hasn't been done. I'm saying >> yeah. >> So what was what's theories? Why? >> It could be that it only became a question when people started in the time of the there's no transportation live >> in the time of they lived there. They knew what they knew what was going on in time of and nobody was being accurate. Why should it be accurate? It's a >> global marketplace. You're away from >> in the time in the time right in time even the world was waking up. >> The world was waking up to transportation transport and you posted listen the local as they say bugs the same type of thing to know that >> the bug the bug started in that same period a few years later >> people used to know like their the cycles of the local. >> Yeah. This is very different than the other one. >> I'm not sure what you mean. Very different. >> Meaning the the L of Schaefer and that has like a certain picture like a certain This is like a more bullet pointed blowing blowing too. >> This is No, this is this Yeah, this is it's this is um I mean it's this but it's it's a different it is that way a different style. It's less it's >> got to be a macro is another one also. No, >> no. >> Cuz 10 years ago, my wife was uh expecting maybe >> my 10 10 years ago, my wife was expecting and two two days to learn how to blow sche she wasn't going to be able to go to show whatever. And then so I took your book over there and that's how I learned. Okay. >> And I uh but uh >> so I want to say was very good. >> Yeah, I'm listening to you. >> Hey, someone forgot to tell you is very >> Oh, okay. Thank you. I appreciate that. Some blowing. >> You have more of these in the car. >> What are these? >> Um, yeah. By >> this one's a little banged up. I just But the car is parked. >> There's some in the box. >> Oh, yeah. Right. It's in the box. It'll be in the box. You're right. Thank you. It should be in the box. >> How did you make this? >> This I took I bought a wooden handle. >> I bought a carbide blade. I think it's for a hacksaw. I cut it. I cut the blade to fit and I glued it in. How do I How do I pay for this? >> Um, ca check ca cash or a zel. >> Cash is easiest question. >> Have you had people suggest learning to go from reading without having the >> When I came up with I came up learned it from reading. >> Yeah. When I came up with the idea, I went to a publisher who laughed at me. It's not possible. Um, I already sold 10,000 copies in English, 4,000 2,000 copies in Hebrew, 2,000 copies in Spanish, and >> yeah, I'm saying I I have I'm saying the people it works. I'm saying >> very good knives. >> Um, I've seen this stuff, but it's off the topic. My mind right now is on is on. >> I would love to uh to hear your opinions about these things. >> Huh. >> So this has stuff that that doesn't. So I mean >> six pages. >> Six pages overlap. I don't have change of yet. Yeah. >> You have WhatsApp? >> I have no I don't have WhatsApp. No. >> Take your numbers. >> So give me give me a >> So uh >> 49. >> I'm a 347. >> I'm put this down. Oh, >> this is 20, right? >> What? 20. >> I I don't have any. >> I believe first edition also. I got when you first came out the you had the like white and it was >> Yeah. >> This is This is 22. Oh, I I don't know. It's around the same price. >> Oh, it's 22. I'm sorry. >> Yeah. What What did I tell you before? >> You told me 20. >> No, it's 22. Sorry. >> 347. >> 407. >> Take another shield. 1 2 3 9. >> Who gave this 239. >> I did. >> Okay. >> Sounds like it was nice. >> I hope so. >> Informationational. >> Yeah. 1 2 3 9. >> Yes. >> What's that? >> Make shers. >> Yeah. To clean the inside. >> Either that or clean out the ears. >> No, this I have glass. >> This is It's for sale. Why you doing pictures? Oh, you did some pictures. >> Anyone wants to take serious? >> Very nice guy. Thank you so much. Um, see, >> my question is, do you have any opinions on knives or anything? I do have I need to I need I need to have presence of mind to talk about these things. I can talk I somebody No, not I can talk to you today. Um I need to get this stuff back into my car >> and I need to somebody this probably need to call me. Somebody's supposed to meet me today and he he keeps if you don't mind. He keep somebody keeps calling me. It's probably the person I'm supposed to meet with. My car is in the parking lot on the other side of the parking lot. It just help. He got me a hand over here. What? >> This that's not mine.