Amsterdam: A New Era of Jewish Printing

foreign [Music] we have mentioned in the last short lecture that after the xeras safe as a talmud in Italy in the year of shinyu gimmun 1553 for 25 years there was no Shas printed in Italy they burned all the talent in Spain and Portugal they expelled all the Jews and the burned Elders for them and in the other countries if they had a print house it wasn't that large to easily print a shot till 25 later they started painting a shots in Basel in the year of shin la mercrest 1578. and since then they have published the Shahs in several countries but the main shots that is worth to know this is the word that shast that was published in the city of Amsterdam in Holland Holland was a free country and so Amsterdam so many Jews settled there in those days of prosecution and they opened several print houses in this city on a large scale and slowly this became the main print house for Jewish foreign for the whole Europe one of them owners of The Print House was Emmanuel benvenishti he printed the Shas in the years of top dollar tilt of Hess 40 8 4 tl15 1644 till 1648. it was a very special chance he invested a lot in the quality of the Shas in the quality means to be magia there should not be any errors it's a big deal in those days in those days they would print from metal Leathers getting together in the order of a page end of a Gillian after they finish sending this Gillian it goes unpressed between when they finish setting this Gilead and then until it goes to press they have a day to be magia to see if there are any errors in these pages it's very hard to realign that he invested more and he hired very qualified machine and he would not put the guillainal Press till it's moving the meantime he would prepare other s or others for so this became the most muggedy camp with the least errors in addition to that the previous generation lived the Maha one of these foreign that includes includes also he went through the whole church and was maggate and every time that he found a arrow in that chest that was already printed he would write a correction in the lower particular in the slim foreign started printing the Shas he set a he sat down a group of qualified machine that would include all his Corrections into the town that he is publishing this was the most chance until that day and also for the next 150 years about 150 years later in toffcoof summer the year of 1800 the outer rabbit published as we will discuss in the next short lecture and when he gave the orders to the printer he told them set the chance according to the addition of Amsterdam because this is the most correct conversion of the Shahs without too many errors there was another Print House opening in Amsterdam by Joseph etias he didn't have to clean the shots that was already published he printed the sugar but in printing he also invested a lot and they are good he hired foreign the chief Rabbi of the city of Wilner in little Chief Rabbi of filner came to Amsterdam to work as a magia in the print house of Yosef etiers yes and the reason is because in that day started the persecution and killing of Jews by the army of milnitsky which is known as xeras it started in the year over the years next couple of years they killed in Poland Ukraine Elita close to 50 000 Jews many of the Jews of those places ran away fled to Safe countries the chief rabbi of filled animation fled to Amsterdam and when he came there Joseph atias offered him a job to stay as a magia and that he is publishing now it wasn't only Makia should be Eros in the printing it was much more than that he added Mario makamus the union anich hello that he was in charge of their God these are the chemists are called the era goelo is the chemist that are published in all the prints of additional since then and on this should know didn't have any malfunction others was added later here it was only the itself and there are more but he added on the side and the margin the very girlo which is the sources for each one of the Allah is hiding where did he take all these sauces to add themselves fast is because the biological novel by Joseph Carroll before he printed the children he printed the Bishop Joseph which is a Buran tool but over there he discusses all details of Allah that he find in he found in many form then according to that he edited and published the safer of so make sure the chief Rabbi of villain s Joseph he found the census where the business and he added it and the margin of the page but so much investing in this forum in the Elisha's form that was published then in Amsterdam it became in that generation the main source for editious foreign painted for the holy hope