Shevuos Throughout The Ages

[Music] Welcome back Rabbi Dr. Elazar Brat to another episode of history of how they learned Gumarra throughout the generations. This was our original series. We are about to start on a special privilege we have because we had you on just three weeks ago from Makis and here we are about to start and actually there are many people who actually learn it's 49 during the 49 days of I think will talk about this. We also have a special sponsor dedicating this episode and we will let Brat introduce the sponsor all on his own. Rabbr, how are you today? Okay, so I've undertaken to sponsor this episode myself. It has been produced entirely as a labor of love dedicating to explore how has been studied throughout generations. The preparation of this year requires many hours of meticulous research among rear obscures firm. Recognizing that sponsoring an entire episode or even half of one is not always feasible, a new method has been created to allow listeners to access significantly more content while also offering a small amount of support for this endeavor. Whether on a monthly basis or even just occasionally episodes can be accessed under the umbrella title musings of a book collector. This is all besides all the material that's on all. Information on how to sign up for various options can be found at alzabbr.com. There you can learn how to access free episodes which are released several times a month as well as premium content including episodes from different series available behind the payw wall to members. I'd like to highlight a newly launched series besides the other serieses that we have going titled paths of inside the Mishnaba and this series explores two of the most influential works of the late 19th and early 20th centuries through a close comparison of the Mishnab and we delve into their historical contexts, their rabbitic libraries they drew upon and their distinct methodological approaches each pisk employed in shaping. Okay, without further ado, back to our regular program schedule. So learners of that we find ourselves starting this maka in the middle of a lot of times people like to find something happening with the event that um something happened that week when we're starting this and this here was great basically is that the palat one of the who when he lists out on the he writes that the whole year between he gave a to his and what was the topic between pes he will learn completely and finished it and there's interesting passage and he says as that I had this question um I mentioned this and what I answer what I answered invalid so basically here we have him talking about this minig that every year he will learn in this period of time his inh they record that he also himself will learn during every day and he'll be Messiah on interestingly enough the Ramsh writes about his who we're going to be discussing soon the bal who was very close with so he also had this independent ly that he's and he writes in a chuva about a he had and we looked up in his to see if he handles this in this question and didn't anyway um so this is a minig found in the cipher and others as mentioned and went down to learn the whole during this period of time okay and one could see a little bit more about this in the gald volume one page 92 and page 62 are back. So, so number one is there's a school to learn during this period of time. So, it's great that we're starting in the middle of number to a middle of number. So, now we go to our to the regular discussion throughout we where we discussed the garra what's the out on the garam. So still on this m we have the ciphim and on the third parrot there's a work from benovitz more academic slant making and understanding it in with the background in kufus kazal there's an excellent chapter in sh liman's work Greek and Jewish Palestine where he explains based on understanding the historical time period what it meant to shua um it was very common to you to that pe the amiratum for sure used they spoke in their regular language with using this term and he also deals with a very big question that many try to understand what exactly is the difference between and it's very it's a very big shame because the way it is is that nadarum we learned quite a while ago there was a big break between this and so it makes it hard but a lot of times people keep in mind try to understand what exactly and what what is the difference anyway I always begin an episode quoting from the lists out in various makas what the what the literature on the ma is. So in this ma he says there's Ramban Rajba that was published in his time and gets a nice amount of so and if you compare it to some other mus especially in his lists you'll see this is a very rich ma what's also ironic is that when we we when when began a dharm we spoke about that there's even msyus that said people that didn't learn makum for various reasons and it's quite the opposite we're going to see the mamish plugged away. So let's begin. We always begin with the so the from which we always quote he didn't get up to now generation a lot of material the volumes of have been continued by broad professor Dr. and others and they put out a volume which has a lot of the material that they collected and putting out a volume of on this. Okay, right away um we'll go a drop out of order this we just saw the list of the um of the so continuing with the sorry continuing with the we're going to see and the rishim all bring this down there's a work from dies in 1038 called now this work the rishim had and used and there's long lists of how many times they quote it but when does it come first in in for me I am always always focusing on the print. So it begins it's published the first time in6002 in the same volume with a mechar which is another work of the which we spoke about a little bit and the Bryce Mishkan which we spoke about in episodes of the Mishkan and this was came from it seems from that was in the house of the Ram pano. Okay. Now, um the mad made sure to do a good job. Okay. Fine. Lisa, fast forward 1782. It's quite a period of time. It's basically reprinted identical from the same manuscript. Um um um from and it has the only difference is it has from falcatus. Fine. the it's clear that Ramen Ara and the and the GR they had this the GR use it in beer for as at least for me and the balishna recently I saw an auction they auctioned off and was sold um the 1602 edition of the balishna who was also in this kufa fast forward again many many years and 1960 there's an edition that comes out from and then there's an addition that comes out from Rdam And this he spent a lot of time working on it. He tracked down more manuscripts and he tracked down um because you have to understand was written in Arabic and then it was translated into Hebrew and we'll see who the translator is shortly. We'll play it's going to play out shortly. But Kitser also worth mentioning is this Ruzi located what was published already in the 1880s from the library of Schlimmer Zalman Halberam who had published it. the um two other works in in of say in in um in song like of now and so he publishes it he published it in journals first it could later be found in and then in his edition of the it could be found there now one point just to make over here briefly is why vasis it's it's um in this why is it in Russian of very simple because they wanted that we find and was found in the times in the middle ages made different similar to to make it that people could remember the a memory thing so the were very brief and people could people remember songs much better than a whole so is the kiter the of because it's very important very relevant and and this and Rafy wrote this and they exist and he has a whole parish about them okay fine um there's Um, one other parish, one other edition, sorry, is from professor Shaga Abramson was published a few years ago. Um, and what Shagson who worked on this for many years collecting from all the pieces in the Kyoga um, adding to whatever existed as I said it was only in6002 that was published of pieces that they found located proving it of and he was always planning on putting out a fancy edition with footnotes. Lama said he did not. He left behind drafts as Talmid after working on it for a very long time put it out. Lisa said there was criticism about the way the audition came out in the Hamayana issue which I'm more than happy to share. Um okay just fast forward to our uh generation this is all happening in our generation but one person obviously alaz going to say it was fond of using at least I noticed a bunch of times him using for his work on the Rambam is using the and that is Kyvski and his work here. Okay. So here we have the importance of having a goic work. Now it happens to be that the is very important when one learns. We go fast forward. Um there's another work and this work if you open up the 1521 in 1521 everyone knows the shas was published there's different when it's published first time it's one of the earliest editions of shast the braberg edition but kitser what about the riff you have a riff in the back of yumar when did it get there so kitser in 1521 bramberg went ahead and published independently a few volumes of the riff with other materials in the back of this volume he says and he calls it he says he says um sorry one second let me just from that he's publishing that he's um now then he said then then underneath that there's a line that says and then there's a whole piece a nice poem and then it says at the end that who did this Okay. So, what's interesting is it sounds like this is a and it makes sense why it would be put in the back of this riff. Very simple because the riff this is a of the riff in a form of shaim a bunch of shaarim the that it that it has. So there's so basically there's a called shahish voice already published in 1521. So it's and it's not the same as the mishphv they argue a lot but another and who is it? Who's the author? sounds like at this point in time the riff in 1593 it's published again and there in the sh it sounds like already it's not so simple that it's the riff and it has a few suggesting that it might not be the riffus so who is it it might be an anle of the riff f and others others go with that says he doesn't believe in sim he handles the bif Um he has a steer between this and the between this and the riff and he says it must be that it's not um it must be riff or maybe this is a ste or maybe he wrote it when he was young and he changed his mind. So this is what the sh says in so that there's something going on over here. Now in this period of time there was a yid his name was he was a he was a he was a trans and you have to this is all taking place he's a contemporary of the riff riiff dies in 1103 to give us some context so this is a little bit after of this um besides being his own independent so he's famous he wrote aaris aar says we're coming up to the kagash with the mitzvah and and this he was also a translator so he knew Arabic so he translates them it turns out the mishp that was from he translates into Hebrew turns out this voice also was written in Arabic and who does who does the translation it's most likely the same so he's he he transl he does a lot of translating in the The story doesn't end there. um just mamish in the past year a work comes out called a massive um also based on massive amounts of discoveries from the kyoga and here we have a whole a lost mish from aid from this saint kufa it's published by um stamur and and David and others and at the end of this they publish a doctorate of professor shaga iramson who we just mentioned that he gave that he submitted to was never published. And who is the Jew? The Yid that he works on. His name was Arishian from Mameish. Also this period of time the same a little younger than the rift and and um and he put so Abramson proves who's the of the that's in the back of that bombber printed that some people thought it's the riff. It turns out it's this benad. Now what's interesting is the already in the times of 100 years after this benad was out there was confusion. The ra already thought that the shahu is the is the riff and there's a whole long list of people what they thought. We're not going to get into it. One could see in the this material found in the safer stamper and hisdama also deals with it. Um Abramson over there Abramson in an article in Sim in um in Sai Kufal in Sai Shaftal also has an article about this. But the point is what's fascinating is like this. This bu is not the riff. It's not the grandson of the riff. He's a matarim and he translates both works. And the other person was beny and basically is this binya. He was known in the times of Rashidam as they bring all the documentation about him and it was forgotten about and his whole which is published in 1521 some of them mistake mistakenly gave it the wrong name and from then on it was forgotten about so you have to clarify from him they his or not because is the riff getting this who's getting this bottom line is what's even more fascinating is his finals the riff was a tremendous plut on this and he was very anti the of this is a fascinating um discussion and what's relevant is all these are now available for someone wants to learn we have tons of new material of go material and it's a shame is this shra abson worked many years he did a lot he discovered a lot through the kyoga and everything and this mash which he spent so much time's material did not come to um light properly only Now some of it's come to light and hopefully the shahu is another edition is going to come out but but just to conclude over here is like this. So the riff also as I said was about of him. Fast forward 1792. So 1792 they didn't know all what I just told you. This is all mish new discoveries. 1792 they're still working. Is it the riff? It's not the riff. So son of who dies in 1810. who is av amongst other places um in Hungary and he writes a massive voice. So the mishesh never was of never was to get a proper work until recently but even then it still has needs a lot of work but this of that we said we did that the they were weren't sure who it is they thought maybe it's the riff and if you look at a beautiful that he gives to this he says he rather calls it the riff others the whole time they're handling they say it's the riff anyway bottom line is this he writes Perish and that's in 1792. It must have made a little bit of a rash. A few people use it but I don't know how many people use it. A few years ago prints a massive edition of this work and since then there's just to mention there's aid he publishes an edition of Shares um that's available. There's another there's there's another edition but bottom line is we have over here something which which you don't really have in other places. is a sharish voice which existed since in print at least since 1521 had it they just didn't know who it is and this is another mass of which helps us to understand um this now and just to conclude over here is that and the and the riff also there's tons of chu that deal with and the question is why so this also I refer you to a massive article from in his work where he tries to understand epis in the times of there's so much work and so much material and and the next generation the ri the of and the riff and all these people why they saw why was it so um relevant then and he has some theories which are worth to explore continuing with this nakuda in in previous mas we mentioned but we don't have them too often the remagos the great reagash so we also have him on what the spells out that one of the to have um the remagos on so to say Kabala he says is on which we spoke about this um it was first published in 1758 and then again it's published in 1826 in the back of the 1826 edition is chu of published this is in theamar's lifetime was against publishing his material it seems he allowed it in the end it could be in the there's a lot in there that sounds like in the beginning he wasn't happy but then when it came out he was happy so there's a few truths that were published in his lifetime this is the address where it was from. Okay. Um I've quoted in the past the writes unbelievable. He writes something like my ridiculous shyness about famous question that people always ask is he the of the because a lot of people say he is. It's clear says the Hamaspikas Maduro that he's not a Talmud of him but he calls himself a Talmud sometimes because his father was a Talmud but he was not a Talmud and chronologically it's very hard to say that. Okay. Anyway um point is so we have so this is medish of the riff going forward is similar from the from all these places. So do we have more? Yes. Ramban we have the Ramban not a fragmented piece a massive the Ramban of course it's published very late it's only published in 1791 which which goes into my theme that in times they didn't have the but the clearly learned this fast forward our generation is he publishes a complete edition based on eight manuscripts today if someone wants to learn the ma we're already seeing there's unbelievable amounts of new material the rajbah so again it's published the first time in 1729 It means the first of did not have it. In 1965, we've mentioned him a bunch of times. He finds more material. He believes it's the raja and he publishes it in later on of Cook edition. They believe it's not the Rajba. It might be related to the Rajba. Okay. So, they publish based on manuscripts what they believe is the Rajba. Um, more information. Okay. Fast forward. Who else do we have? Everyone knows the Ritzvah. Again, when is the Ritzvah published? also the first time is late in the game. Now, interestingly enough on certain makas we have that there's they knew that the the rit there's he had a few maduras. So in this makaducian it's clear scholman wrote an article that in 1935 he bought ava okay and it's housed in JTS now he bought it um at the time he says in a footnote in the article that the famous ravich who was a great bakian also um told him that the yadhuda quotes of this rit that liberan ended up buying I heard um stories also of this legendary Mikl Rabanovich who is a expert in literature history I heard from Mashkazi he's also frequent there actually a story with him that he met when he met shopping in that store but the point is that this which you'll see shortly when it's published he had of what's called the what Libman's calling the of the the cook edition they seem told it's not bottom line is they publish Mer of Cook publishes the based on many different that they have and we move on to the mir's published again when in our generation. So you see this maka is very rich in professor Alzarowitz publishes a Talmud raan called crescrest there's the raan is published early on but again of cook comes over here and publishes based on many manuscripts um the work of the ran okay so again we're seeing this theme that I like to say the rishim our generation is blessed we're getting many rishim just to point out that a cute uh thing in the I'm very fond of these type the things in the in the miser edition. So points in the back that he prints some some a few pages of this tum who's tum he was the son-in-law a great genius who was the son-in-law of David Oenheim and we spoke about it Sanhedrin and so turns out that in the work that they published of his a few a bunch of years ago they didn't know that in the back of one edition of 1724 there's about seven pages of of this great what's in why it was published because there was no shas published in that year and why punty seven pages I've yet to understand but if someone wants those rare seven pages I'll be more than happy to send them to him and mezer was the one I don't know how mezzka came to them it's very strange but he got to it okay so I just feel that once I came across it I have to share such an accuda visiad and then mister of cook claims to have moread and the last region of of to mention over here is the muki also that was discovered and that was the end of the list of the so now the con so what we're seeing over here is there's a crazy amount of information already starting from the and the galore someone wants to sit down and learn this and there's plenty what to do what happens as we move on so the interestingly enough they discovered um manuscript material of the and the kayogar was um located some materials of the kubetus on on this but where is it published in the mashimus published by a shalom. This was subject to between them and beyond my pay grade to know what went on over there. But bottom line is the materials can be found in the shalom on say not only but materials on now we're moving further on into there's a great from Italia writes about him very nicely. Um he was a known god of that period of time. He wrote his without we mentioned him I believe in the episode of the Mishkan stuff and because he also wrote relating to that he was in the time when the in Italy they didn't have shas the because of the so he's writing from memory but publishes his work also fast forward I spoken about him in the past so he has mostly not noted by most people I did note that And it's quotes it and of I still hope one day to give a whole episode devoted to the of the little material of his. Okay. Now we move on to the a few more pieces of information to conclude and that's number one dich spoken about him in some other episodes. So he wrote so just recently in 2024 published an addition of his and materials of his and now they're going to do it now it's interesting like this he's born in 1756 already at a young age of somewhere around 14 he's learning by the person who the mud wrote the most chuvas to is something like 40 chs. What's interesting is I see in the in the edition they point out that the and they have seven different entries for this same because they didn't realize that different times refers to him different ways. Anyway, you not only is he close with he's a byudah, he also develops already way back a relationship with so my friend Mohan in his book also deals with the relationship between um his son-in-law which we spoke about earlier who had the minig um who he was saying over the so it's interesting that they both had the same meaning of learning is during and it's interesting is that the it seems the the um it's possible that the might have give it a hespid at lev there's some type of mif story that they bring down in this addition which has in it a very nice job of history about him and just to mention one fascinating thing is that in all of his copies of his farm he used to write and so this m somehow saw 50 different of his with and different ones and they collected it and with other materials okay anyway fast forward also at the same time he um learned So as they do incredible work always they have a whole long list in how they piece together from all the different years when he learned this when he learned that and they even note the different in the different years of his of his safer. Okay, fine. Another was Berlin, brother of the so in the writes to the notes of this great Rebl Berlin of Mishay Berlin. He gave Tashas vna when they published their shast they always looking for new materials. He gave them the materials of Rebé Berlin. It's three pages but as you can see over here he's saying there's a very special and if you want to read more about Berlin look in Rabbi Hamburg's workshe one day we'll get to just to mention very fast three other three four other number one the which we quoted earlier he had the of the so he dies in 1761 at the age of 34 but he was only published much later on 1816 recently his some of works of his somehow he already even though he dies at 34 and one of his tremendous bales has been working on publishing this stuff. They did a beautiful job of the chu and they did his work on bea. Okay. the great from Kazan who dies in 1820 for his massive massive work called he has a which is published for the first time in 1875 as I'm always very fond of mentioning what about so here we have that gives a date in 1849 that's when he he in 1849 we know that was learning the whole and um we have that it's interesting is that cassed he quotes his work on the and it wasn't published at that time and I believe I once quoted the lash of cook asking this is in the late 1880s rebi when are you going to publish your massive work on the but he always referenced it and shar that's how they always knew about it and one other work the um the work um from wrote on many we quoted he has of this too and in a volume that I'm very fond of quoting from Frank of the letters between him and his son he was always asking him to get the different works of this so so there's that also and just to conclude food is what's the story with so was missing um and then it was found a bunch of years ago so the end there's parts that relate to there's a mass that I've quoted in the past this work has materials also relate to and most and to to conclude the machba of today wrote published the dark chuva continuing by himself alp the mahalik of the dark chuva based on thousands of chuvas and blah blah blah and it has the volume is and that's available just came out relatively recently. So this is just some of the materials on this. as one could see but once again the theme that I've been pretty much showing consistently throughout the generations our generation by the time the amount of material it's well possible to learn this ma penetrate it there's so much there's so much material whether it's from the there's plenty of there's what to do so when you bored and you finish the daff you have what to look at and go delve into thank you Rabbi doctor thank you for the sponsorship Thank you for talking about everything else that's going on in the world of Rabbi Dr. Elazar Brat and of course visit alazarbr.com. See what else Rabbi Brat is up to and feel free to reach out to myself and or to Rabbi Brat to partner with us in bringing this to the masses. Thank you.