Part 02: Shofar Kafuf; Bent Ram Versus Straight Ibex

[Music] the mishna towards the bottom of the that's best to use for shashana should come from a yael yol is the ibex posh it a straight horned pyrex so the ibex has a straight horn and that's the best chauffeur to use for hashanah the mission continues with a few details about the shaykh of rosh hashanah then the mission says with tiny ice you have to use the banton of a ram in the time of ghazal and possibly even a little bit afterwards there was a thing called the tinus tiber which is discussed extensively in and on that tightness they used to also blow shayfer which kind of shafer according to the mishnah they blew a ramshorn which ramsar bent ramazar that's the tana combo if you do argues and he offers a different variation of what horns were used and then the riser later down the bottom of the umid there's a third opinion as to which one should we use for shazam and which for tinus and there's one more case which i which comes up in the sugya and that's your evil which one is used for your evil and there's three opinions it's not the tanaka we really want to focus on the yolo posture and the cough it's not so important to which cheetah i'm working with it's more the terms that that the mission uses that i want to talk about what's the point of a cough off and what's the point of a parachute so regular it gives svarus the idea of parachute is that you're straight you're straight forward you're together with hashem you're one you're open and honest with abhishem whichever sheet them whichever time you're using it that would be the idea of of porsche the idea of cough off is the idea of submission subjugation again whichever time you're using the cough off it's the idea of that you're subjugated and submitted to the vista the rambam passkins like the braiser of choice is the rams horn a bent ramsar in fact the ram says that's the only one you're ever allowed to use use a bent says horn if there's no ben rams one available so with the avid you can use any horn the mishnu says that included in a ramshorn a second type of ram's horn would be a goat sworn so here i have a goat horn if you're not so familiar you might not be able to tell the difference in a goat horn and rams one if it's not in the head of the animal but if you do want to know more about it we have a chapter about that in the book how to tell the difference in a gold home and a random okay so here's an unfinished goat horn it even still has the bone inside and here is a processed finished goat horn it doesn't look exactly like a rams one it doesn't look the same let's contrast a gold horn tequila with a ram 20key goat first now the ram is horn this is the kudu horn this is the one this is the type of point you see in all the post cards the fella that has you know anyway the kudu is not a ram according to the rambam you totally cannot use this sound rosh hashanah according to the mahabharata it's certainly not a preferred type of horn it would be kosher with the evidence if you have nothing else available so if you're looking to make a postcard this is what you want but although but for shawna you want to get yourself a ramsar i want to focus on the yo el pashut and the zohar kofov the oil is the ibex the ibex is a pretty popular animal it lives wherever people live it's asia africa europe it's even in america he's a pretty popular animal why did the mission have to tell me that it's a uel parachute if you just tell me yoil and i know that you're the yolo who i'm going to use the push of thorn why did the mission tell me that zachary is a kaphor if zakhar the ramjoins are just tell me zacher and i know they're proof well obviously the mitch is trying to also tell me the idea that margaret says later that you want to be positive because you're representing a certain idea of straight forwardness one with hashem and kapha for your idea of subjugation and submission so the mission did have to mention the idea of cough of an and parashot but maybe the opposite maybe just say cough and just say posture because that's the idea anyway and leave out the oil if a person needs a straight horn he knows where to go person needs a banter and he knows where to go that's one question the other question is and this is something that's been on the minds of many many contemporary writers is that the oil the ibex does not have a straight horn any more than the ram has a benthorn the oil's horn starts from its forehead and curves backwards down to its shoulder and usually rings around lower than its shoulder it doesn't twist and turn like some other animal horns but it certainly is not a stray torn and the rams one also if you were to name the shape of a ram's horn i wouldn't call it bent twisted curled but not bent so why does the mission identify the oil as a straight horn and the ram as the bentor i think the two questions into themselves the oil's horn is not straight and that's what mission has to say both so what does it mean then that you have to use a straight horn of a l what's interesting about animal horns let's grab this ramshorn you see over here there's a piece of bone inside the horn under the proper circumstances usually by boiling it but sometimes you can just let it age and it'll pop out by itself or if you give it a nice bang or pop out the bone comes out line them up the bone is much shorter than the horn only the area of the horn where the bone was in is hollow the remainder of the horn is solid how much of it is how much was salad that depends on the animal depends on the age it depends on the breed there's a lot of factors and how much is salad how much is how hollow but every horn that grows like this on a what we call horned not an antler but we call horns everyone is the same it has a piece of bone and a hollow sheath of keratin keratin is the same kind of scientific material that your fingernails are made of it's the same stuff as fingernails as hooves and it works the same way it gets wet it gets soft that's why if you boil it you can bend its shape and if it is hollow half of it is solid you can only use the hollow part to blow so how do you make a shafer so what they'll do is they'll boil it or put it into a gas jet and it makes it soft and using the right kind of clamps you can untwist it or straighten it a little bit and you know the shaver looks like and you could straighten it a little bit you can't really really straighten it you can turn a ram's horn into the kudu horn and you can turn a kudu horn into this you can't even turn a ram's horn into this and you can turn a goat horn into a standard ram shafer you only could work bend it a little bit depending on how much material you have you can't really really alter the shape the ibex the majority of the horn is solid and useless and pointless you can't hollow that part out to make it into a blowable piece so when you want to use an ibex one only the first penny alone horn is only the first couple of inches maybe 10 12 15 inches are hollow and usable as a horn the rest of it is useless when you want to make a schaefer out of an ibex horn you would cut off the first 10 12 inches that are hollow with another two three inches that are solid that you can drill through and create a mouthpiece now if you take that piece which is only now let's say 12 15 inches and you put it down flat it's not perfectly straight i wouldn't quote ramrod straight but it's certainly not bent and that's probably what the mission means a posture it means you take the yellow horn the part of it that's usable and you use that to create a chauffeur that will be more or less a straight horn what is the harmful mean here's a ram's horn but the position it would be on the ram's head from my angle or maybe i would look like from your angle the ram's horn curls it twists but it's definitely not the shape that i would call bent the ram's horn i'm taking a guess this horn is probably hollow till the point of my finger is and the rest of it is probably solid if you wanted to use this part of a chafer you'd have to boil it untwist it and then you have a nice shaper similar to some other surface here we have a classical shaper where this part was the natural curl from here from here on has been straightened the natural hollow holding it up to the light the natural hollow went until around here until around my fingers that was naturally hollow this part was curled the schwa maker untwisted it and then using a very long drill bit i was able to drill a hole this way the longer channel makes a nicer sound and that's why he wanted a longer channel the ibex the horn is much thicker much stronger and there's no there's no point to have that extra part so if you wanted to use an ibex horn as a chef you would the hollow section a few inches two three inches of the solid section that you want to work with to make a mouthpiece and after that the rest of the horn is useless so that's why the ibex can be considered a straight horn on the ram's horn you have this part is much more valuable because it helps reduce the sound therefore it's worth the work the effort to straighten it now this horn was straightened by putting it into a gas jet and i can tell it was put straightened by the gas yet because right over here i see a burn mark these orange marks that you occasionally find on shaffer is usually only on the larger chaffers and but often you find it around the mouthpiece are burn marks they heat the chauffeur when it's still in the raw state like this that this way most of the burn happens on the rural part which anyways get taken off when they polish it but sometimes it leaves a few scars that were a little deeper remain it's a lot of work to straighten this in fact i went to interview uh somebody recently whose father made sure if he's back in the 50s and he had a heart condition and he can no longer do the strenuous work involved in straightening the schaefers so you hired somebody who described that looked more like a wrestler to straighten the surface with him the guy worked one day and quit he said it's not humanly possible to do that kind of physical work to straighten out the schaefers so it is a lot of work and that's pretty common today they only straighten out one little section of it and they leave the bells area in its natural shape this is what surface looked like 50 to 100 years ago destroyed for itself is probably from pre-world war and this is double the triple amount of work that goes into straightening the schaefer and the question is why do people bother doing that to straight flatten it like this all chairs on record for matter which country they came from no matter what period in history they came from back to drawings from the time of by shaney all show a show if it looks like this museum pieces that are 500 years old or more all schweifer show a schweifer in this shape why'd they go through all the hard work to create this shaped schaefer when they conjustimate well left the shaft like we showed earlier just leave the bell and straighten out the mouthpiece the answer is because they wanted a schaefer which is cough off this natural horn is twisted it's curled but it's not cough off it's not bent this horn is bent so if you're trying to show the idea that you want to submit yourself and subjugate yourself and bend yourself before hashem this chauffeur represents that a sofa like this or like this shaft which is called a natural shaped chafer does not show the idea of a bent and submissive shafer this one shows it very nicely this would be the mishna is talking probably about a shaffer that looks like this and that was this it's a ram's horn which was manipulated to make it look bent to make it look like it's bent over that was the idea that mr is trying to convey a ram's horn which is bent how about if you use a ramson which is not bent it's in natural shape so the mahabhara implies that way mishru says it clearly that any horn even if it's not bent is still kosher so if you have a natural shaped chafer which was not manipulated at all or what might be considered the standard or the classic schaefer of today which is a natural shape on the bell and straighten that on the mouthpiece it may not be bent but it's kosher because the mojave says any shaykh is kosher even if it's not bent our questions had been why did the missionary have to emphasize that the oil is partial and that the zohar is cough off and that's because that a yells horn in the full size of the horn and the real sized horn is not really a pasha torn it's curved and misha's telling you to only use the part which can be cut off and used as possible not perfectly postured but more or less postured and the ramshorn the mission wanted one which was manipulated and bent to look like a bentorn rather than a scheifer which was natural for it twisted and curled but not bad [Music]