Origins of Kol Nidrei and Hataras Nedarim: Part I | Rabbi Dr. Eliezer Brodt

hello and welcome to episode number one of the origins of Cole nizre and Atari standard with Rabbi drill as a brother this episode has been generously sponsored by an anonymous donor in memory of his grandfather avrohem then SV Hirsch the learning and all the knowledge should be an elderly for his nishama despite the future episodes please reach out ou.org s-c-h-w-e-d-m at ou.org [Music] welcome back Rabbi Dr Eleazar brat we are here for this long-awaited recording episode on the origins of call ninja and atarastadaram we're gonna do this in two parts it is part one we don't wanna keep the people here for too long I said my brother likes to say we have rahmanas on the audience so we're gonna break this up into two parts and we're gonna as we usually do go through the history where was atarastadarim and kalnidre found or founded where are they found in the spot room for the first time however they discussed and refer to when they said foreign straight through until today plus we'll discuss some other controversies and some other exciting information how are you today okay so Jump Right In okay so by the way by by way of a brief introduction to a brief introduction to the episode that we're about to begin I want to go back a little bit as people ask and sometimes people don't realize I want to give explain these presentations in all that in general and specifically today's um about what we plan on doing in the next two episodes about atars nadaram and mostly about culinary basically is that when one gives it with introduction is necessary because a lot of times you need a context to understand what's being done the back story of these episodes that we've been doing already for quite some time now is that rapid Meister schwade who does an excellent job running all daf or mishna parish and you xiaomi was and is still always brainstorming how to make more tools Sheeran out there for and Sheeran for out there for people to help with their learning he was he's always seeking for different kinds of Torah content some people somehow gave him my name no idea why but while talking about it with me an idea was formed to find topics related to the gemara that people would find of Interest the first idea that we came up together was was to deal with some of the controversies to the sector we chose the topic was machine Master controversy which we divided into seven parts at the time a lot of energy was spent to make Fancy videos but life is about learning and we realized to do it through a more Hamish format these are not attempts to be professional talks with sore sheets and marmakaimus and everything but rather for me to babble and he asked some questions and and sometimes catches me off guard it's an interview of sorts what's become known a lot of times is podcasts eventually anyway the first idea was to prevent to present randomly some of the materials eventually it sort of developed into a whole presentation of how a particular Massacre is learned via the ages with tidbits about the authors and we've been as of today we've done over 12 such episodes including three parts America we also have done some episodes about specific Aquarium some have not yet even been released to be clear although these are time consuming to put together no one has funded almost any of them it's hosted on the OU site originally the video and audio was poor quality thanks to the effort of Usher tesser who deals with all the complicated technical aspects of these presentations the sound and video was fixed important technical aspects is funded by the OU and proper thanks must be noted also the time consuming of by schwade and Usher involved with the recording they have to listen they have to be involved with it now then fast forward almost it's almost it's getting close to a year where behind can you ask you as Nifty so right away immediately in the middle of the Shiva we we I was talking with rabbit schwade and we decided we're going to devote some discussion to some of this Farm to everyone else is talking about Heim might as well join in we did 10 episodes without being funded by anyone luckily to continue with those with those episodes season two was we found a funder who's funding it graciously as each episode is eventually I added on a few more topics which we've done such as mission and when we so basically when we're asking for sponsorship it means it's to help to continue these kinds of episodes because no one is really paying for them one what some let's say three four of the episodes all together were the sponsored now specifically from Sacrament what was my idea I mentioned this to referee schwade all the way in the beginning is to talk about how Taurus nadaram kolnidre throughout the ages and that's where we find ourselves today and I collected some material on it but I never learned through it properly a massage because I never really learned myself properly but I never went through the sogio of Konichi where it comes from at all all this is brand new stuff that I just came up with in the past literally a week or two ideally this topic is perfect to put all the other one gets on learning dafyami by making it practical as all the information plays out that he learned all the gamaris comes out understanding the issues but due to my abilities and time limitations it's beyond the scope of the presentation of today and and the next one to present the complete story I want to just share some of the interesting parts of the story as it developed throughout the ages while preparing it I realized that I fell into yet another rabbit hole which I was hoping would not happen the document the whole story would take me well over 10 hours but it's a work in progress which I hope to present in a clear written form in the near future I apologize that not everything is crystal clear and perfect as a professional speech this is just a hamisha talk with just two people having a conversation it happens to be recorded I want to mention some of the sources of the origins and as I mentioned also in a previous episode the origins of Phil is a worthwhile subject which has not been done properly it helps if done properly it could help one connect and understand it feels I believe this particular feeling of conidre has the most ink spilled on it in prime sources as its ancient and even generated much controversy over the years part of it has to do with the core lumbus the mechanism how it works and with with specific suggests in the dharm and other aspects on particularly fond of his new discoveries when they come to light and how to apply them especially in this case one of the people that I'm gonna that that helped me in learning about to say call ninja he begins his article this is enough televider he says literature that um did not get so much snagged over the years like this Aramaic prayer called nadre it got it was attacked from very against it karoyam were very against it um um later on Bali Allah has struggled to this all different halachic aspects to describe it eventually the the anti-semites Christians and attacked us Fila throughout the centuries and eventually even in the reform movement it also came up again to discuss this freelance the attempt of Battleship anyway many years ago I heard an important point from my RAV at the time where we throw ryzen that he said some safer was asked how was he able to pass in and write chuva so fast he said when he would learn gemara he would automatically try to think of any hypothetical case that someone would possibly ask him learn the gemara this is a great topic to experiment with when one learns in Durham keep all this in mind um of what what we're saying every year when we do when we say kalnidre and no satars Rosh Hashanah now recently I just came across a true from the javascr where someone asked so instead of just answering the Shyla he ends up going uh we have an excuse to talk about nadarm and he just has pages and Pages dealing with all different hazards in darm and then he goes back to answer the guy at the end now it's focusing getting back to our main story which is the culinary Le Marshall this alumni there's an amazing London which perhaps one day will devote an episode to who he was but the alamela and his work on rambam and Cooper he has a whole special conscious dealing with the lambdish aspects of this Fila so if one wants to try out the alumnus but they picked up over learning of learning they're more than welcome there the great basic he has spent a lot of time trying to understand all of these things in konijay work and also the Thriller in um how it works based on he had recent in recent years were printed on her dharm he has pages over there devoted to it and also they printed a complete conscious about it fascinating thing a fascinating thing to go through again going through one could see what made him so unique he's plugging in everything to plug in the suggest to make it struggling what's interesting is many of the things he does not have good he comes out he believes okay now getting closer to what we want to talk about um as this is a topic that it is as I said the crazy amount of ink has been spilled on it what helped me one is this expert on filo he wrote an article about it two articles which helped me a friend of mine Rabbi Elio greenswag who was one of the people that worked on and published most of one of the main people involved behind the it's a talmud over the years he published volumes of davajam originally it was under he didn't write his name because he was a very big honor eventually he got out there it's him so in Navajo ham with avajama has a passage about kolnidre he has tons of Darko from all different places which are very very valuable material another person who spent a lot of time in the studio called ninja is a dear friend of mine yahil goldover who is expert I'm in hagam amongst many other things he put out two volumes I'm gonna kill us um and in these volumes he has three big chapters where he explored and tried to figure out the mysterious sources for the the Thriller of culinary another safer is which which is a massive safer I mentioned it's called kolnidre it's mostly about it just recently came out again at the end of La Familia learning the dharm with more pages the last safer just to mention is it's he also has a lot of material that he discovered on the sugya of Ataris nadaram and mostly about culinary um okay these are some of the sources and this is the brief background of what we hope to do in the course of these two episodes okay excellent okay so with that introduction wow thank you for that introduction about how we got together and how we keep on going with such amazing episodes wow okay bring me back this is like a historical historical recollection right exactly that's the idea I always like to say it was actually Professor Schneider Lyman that recommended you I believe Nike Weinstein also recommended Ruby in touch and as they say the rest is history and it's very exciting to be able to present these presentations to the To The World At Large fine so you gave us some background of where you're Gathering your information where do you want to start from maybe I could frame the question this way where is the first place in the Torah whether it's Taurus which is not Taurus that discusses called nidrae and maybe one other point to discuss I think at the outset is those two separate discussions and how they coming together in these two episodes that you titled them that would discuss both right so basically um like this everyone knows Kipper begins one of the different things that begins on the as the as the Sun is setting and everyone's getting in the mood putting on their Talus and the kittel and either coming on time to say it feels like or not which is his own issue you're putting on your Talus and you're starting to get ready to say call nidre they start taking out the secretarah just people stand next to the khazan there's a special haunting and as a lot of people like to say and when does so question number one what you're asking is where is the earliest sources about that so in the course of probably episode two we're gonna see the possible earliest sources for such a thing there's another thing besides saying call ninja which you talk about the nadarama being Mata nadaram ER Rosh Hashanah the males and shul usually after the Avenue get together in groups of three and they say um again three people sit down one I get and the fourth person gets up says and he's being matar his nadaram that he made that year something some people do it for their wives also and it's like a business format so basically nadarim plays a big role in the in the in in the rosh hashani and Kipper preparations and that's all that's what we hope to talk about somehow I'm going to link that they're one in the same that's that's what we're going to do that's going to come out from the conclusions of these episodes okay anyway the Fila Begins the first part of the Fila begins we say something what's going on here what's this is this part of kalnidre even so we turn right away and this is the main source for us to start with is a tour the tour and Simon tough ratio tests um what's this Fila is it related to culin Draven so he says basically the night begins and in Ashkenazi they say this Fila he gives some sources to it based on Christos the base series have had some other sources and basically we say um um attachments this is an early source for it we say it Fila to because there's going to be people in the crowd that might be um specifically that they there's Xavier from the kahili against them they might be against them of some sort and we're allowed we're we're sort of forgiving them on some level allowing them to become part of the of the zebra now what's this what's what's behind this I'm not going to go into baritos just to mention one point is in the olden days um there was such a thing you the kahili was able to put someone in harem and this is what it's referring to there's there's books this is documented all this how that was done throughout history had to have some power the Rob had some power they technically could put someone who who this who didn't who didn't listen to the rub or whatever it was could be programmed so this is something to do with that but it's its own story um anyway this eventually becomes tied to culinary which is our main story now back to the tour which is the starting point which I'm going to be using for our springboard is he brings a lengthy piece now normally when you open up the tour it's not so long um all of a sudden over here a huge piece over here where he brings down a piece where he's quoting his father The Rush um now his father has even more varicos in nadarum and in Yuma and and it begins like this the Torah says you take after birth holds it and we say called nidre okay we say no sir that everyone's familiar with comes along as he brings down because of this there have been no time there have been a time set makes wants to suggest a different he corrects the so to speak of what we say comes along the rush this is all I'm quoting him briefly from the tour the Russian um the rush says um he he disagrees with him and then they bring down or sad you're going and um then they talk about another question when should you begin you have to be careful that it should not um it shouldn't be dark already Etc and then they bring down a return now you're going another high going so he brings down three pieces of guy in them their side gun does say that we um just discusses the of what of how to say kolnidre and if one looks at the revenue it seems we see that they're very anti-sane Conde J okay and this is a short-term version of his father the rush who talks about it in both nadaram and enuma so basically what it seems if one looks over here is it's rabena time raises some issues okay great now what's interesting is this files this safer is a piece found in safer yasher and all the reshaiden and the suggests of kalnidre when they're talking about saying it or not and then exactly what it is that we're saying this is the the starting point of the conversation is the shita of rabbinutan but for centuries it was only VI secondary sources especially in the times the only time the first time the safariation is published we discussed episodes was in 1811. even the base Yusuf did not have the safe area how was the base oyster for most people relying on they're relying on the The Rush The Rush seemed to have had the same area but it turns out maybe the rush didn't either have the safariation this as we'll see shortly now in order to appreciate what's happening over here I feel that it's a little kid to talk about rabindutama bit also and we'll see what what I'm doing which is his finals Robina time seems to be active from the years 1100 to 1171 some people say he's born a little earlier anyway much ink has been spilled about this famous region one of the greatest paleontosis legendary a lot of Articles have been written about them I recommend the work from Professor Rami Reiner recently published about rabi nutam it's called um published by Barry lamb University press he spent over 20 years working on this on robino Tom and it's very valuable anyway he's very young when Rashi dies so he did not really learn by Rashi it seems to be that his rebellum on some level is his brother the rashbam and his father who put out a beautiful edition of the safer yasher which helped me over here he lists out um that different people that had the safe area manuscript I'm fond of quoting he seemed to have had a savior manuscript but anyway even in svaran um they had some showing him at least an early on had parts of the safe area now what was his goals when he wrote to say for yashar so he outlines them in the beginning of his uh in his basically say for yashar today is divided is in two parts khadushum and chuvis and um schlumber's Island heaven in his book one of his volumes his book called massage has a whole chapter where he deals with all the different aspects of being the Tom says deals with in his introduction now introduction is fascinating um and I'm just going to mention one point from the introduction and to get to our main story which relates about more about called Madrid basically it seems that he was upset um people would make changes changes in the gemara and um he held that you can't just make changes in the gemara at most if you're making a change make it on the side so to speak don't change the text you say leave the text as is someone else will come to um to figure out shot later on you could say your suggestion leave it on the side this is talking about a time of manuscripts I spoke a little bit about this in the in the draft we touched on this but also by frankewsky and now specifically he was not upset at Rashi per se but right away Rashi made suggestions and this was immediately accepted but they changed the text right away so if someone was in Robin Tom who's who's born while Rashi still he's five years old around when Rashi dies ready the gamara is getting updated immediately it's like what some people complain about the internet sometimes you can see an article on the internet once this chat once it's fixed there's no record of that there was a mistake even anyway um but this it's not the main point of a safer it's one of the points in a safer which he felt and he he deals with tons of sugius going through you know times unbelievable amcus he's famous for being very very in-depth um using all areas of the of shafts throw using it to be metallic it's a whole discussion by Rico's what is Robin's mahalak but it's all evident in the studio in in the safer safe area in the khadush and in this also now what happens like this um in in the sugil of kolnujre he begins he says like this call nidrae the amino balayan kippuram he says so he made a major change but he said before anything he says that who's this change coming from my father who's the son-in-law of Rashi and his father was also some sort of Rabbi of his that's also you have to follow up with Reiner and they made this discussion they made this he made this change based on manuscript information we're able to know that the revam and the rajbam they also accept this change and the family basically their albino Time family are into this change which is switching the these somehow of the nadaram that we made in this past year but it's something for the future okay now at first when you think when you see this um and and now Roberto Tom he ends up showing um um how is why he holds his father is very right in this and he he deals with different aspects about the Tila being the Dyke and different things and as I said we're not going to go into all different aspects but it's a it's a it's about two pages fascinating to read to learn um could die to see inside before uh let's say before um especially in the Yom Kippur season which we're not in DM Kipper season but it's still could die to see then anyway what happens like this there's a mini gopto now foreign sometimes um the famous thing the most famous example is Rashid film we know that there's such a thing as Rashid film and so people ask what do you mean it was filmed beforehand we how is it that time comes along and does what he does anyway this is a whole discussion Robinson hug him and we'll possibly point out an accord with this shortly anyway um but what comes out is that the feel of kolnidre there's no mention in rubbing time's whole discussion about being against kalnidre which I alluded to from the shame detour and the Raj seems to be accepted and if you look in ashkenazic sources even a little earlier from the waste management of Rashi right before him maxavitri lukutti Paradis they also bring them to say this Fila they would say three times okay what happens is he's concerned with that's all and he changes it now what's ironic is with introduction I began is that was very anti-making changes over here he's making a change the answer is it's not a problem he holds no problem to make a change as long as you retain the original nusak beforehand so people the Next Generation could come along and that's what happened basically he made this change but then all the different we shine in for the next hundreds of years and Aquarium even also discuss do I agree with Robina Tom or I don't agree with Romina okay now he thought what's interesting is he doesn't mention going him now he knew Reiner deals with this also but over here he doesn't deal with it and also I will try to suggest the reason behind that also okay what's the shot and the shot is to me this is what's going on over here is if one learns with sections which many just finished is in Allah which is very cryptic and then right away the gemara says something to the effects and it basically adds a whole thing which one would not have seen in the gemara in the mission at all and it says it's fast I write yes you don't want you nadarm to be in the sky might be Rosh Hashanah stand up and basically you have to know what your nether was but basically when do you do this on Rosh Hashanah now so first of all what's happening over here is there's often a gemara there's often a gemara in nadaram foreign it doesn't make a difference might be against it here we see there's a gemara not only that what what does it say in the gemara it says so it seems like something to the fact that the nusrah of his father has some makkam okay anyway we'll get back to this gamara but the point is a gamara in nutan's world overrides everything it overrides even Osiris have gotten okay anyway then Robina time continues um um and he deals with different aspects of the tequila okay now let's go back let's return back to the Rush Oh I said the tour brings him down very big kitzer he says like this the rush says the people before Raben Utama and his father's change now what's interesting is the rush does not make does not make note that the person who suggests this change is who the the great is the father of urbanautam he doesn't even mention that it's very possible he didn't know that because it's not clear what was his source for this for the Rubino timesheet anyway bottom one is Robin Tom says the original meaning is right we're talking about what was and we're being not there because of the it's nadaram that we had that we did this year we want to be matsum andish and we say challenge and we end off saying okay and then and then what happens is the rush deals with the questions that are being the time raises to defend it to prove his position in Russia has some answers anyway then now as I said that he doesn't bring down any guy in him but the rush does the rush brings down verse late at the end of the going and period he said had a no sir okay but the rush does bring down and this now just quoted more at length Reverend attorney said yes we never heard of such a thing that's what the rush says then he brings down from high also a similar type of thing that we never heard of such a thing but La Misa what does the rush say he concludes that we do say it we say this trilo I guess for him the Trump was the end is or Sadi going did bring it down he's decipher guide him okay and lamay's that's what the Torah says we say it okay interestingly enough when you get in the the I said the rush has a recall about in humor and in the dorm in the Army doesn't bring down the guy in them okay fine one issue which the gruff throws out when he deals in beer grow when he deals with Robyn nutama as he says how are we asking how could you ask on a Venus that he didn't yet do which is very strange and then also okay anyway bottom line is that there's some type of feeler although the government were somewhere against it we don't know how many God anymore against it maybe it's only one or two guys but bottom line is the rush and the tour and even time some form of anusa and Aramaic that we say it should be set okay fast forward what happens is normally everyone's familiar but it brings a lot of restraining and stuff like that you think he's gonna bring different people about it instead all we find by him is is the Raj the tour he talks a little bit about it and then he brings down that the revash says the reverse which is very prominent for the base of says not to say it but then the base of concludes the action and he doesn't elaborate more but suddenly we see him sort of embracing an Ashkenazi minute which is he's basing on Robina Tom slash Rush on the tour okay so do we find the shooting of basis the band diary of the base of Asif in his work on the Dharma base he also says all of a sudden you find them call them nidre everything okay great what's rather strange about all this is what's going on because the base the Minix farad we're gonna see is not like that just to mention as follows very very briefly foreign [Music] now but on the other hand and and furthermore the base series should be concerned with the item sources that the rush and the Torah bring down which I said are again saying it but there's no mention of it looking later on as I say for our manic he brings down from amram going a thing that says okay now amazing in recent years especially in the past 200 years the world of going and has been incredible amounts of discoveries I documented a little bit in the episode we see that the guy in my position it's not just these two shitas that these two makaris that the Russian the tour bring down but there's many many go in and from the beginning a period of four or five hundred years are with sources that we have documenting against Dominic not only that it gets back to a discussion which we spoke about and learning which was what that they didn't learn because they didn't want people to be missiles or they felt this as being mazalso in the cancer anyway if he'll go before I mentioned earlier he collects all the going in documenting it this is seven six pages of macarusan okay we go to a place like Provence the Miri also against it we have our bag which interestingly enough also from Provence more famous people know him as a parashan of Tanakh he's also was a tremendous we also have a truth from him against it um also from Provence he also has a beautiful chuva also printed from manuscript in the Hebrew Memorial so we shine them in other places also very very against it showing that there's a whole Messiah not only the ramban the tamid and the rambanda they're all against it and they know better from Ravena time also anyway also deals with that length but anyway the point is what's going on is very strange how does this happen that when you get to by time you get to the base if it's like forget about the there's no mention of the guy in him now the guy the guy is one thing but to shine him such as the ramban school which plays a prominent role the also Point people point out the wrap-up doesn't bring down this meaning so it seems around Mimosa didn't say the rift doesn't bring it down anyway somehow it gets to the base Joseph the base station switches over and he's like ashkemas okay again did I miss you said the ramban raspberry ritva you quoted those from somewhere those are in the reciting themselves or brought down from other secondary sources no they so the ramban I quoted that he talks about but the rajbo the ritual they talk about it in their in their khadushima nadarim and other places and there's there's a long documentation of what I'm trying to say is there's a loaned argumentation of svara mainstream that normally would know about would hear about he doesn't even mention it all he mentions is one line that the reverse it's like now okay so it might not have had all the gun to know that it was a 500 year Messiah to say it but the reshine him that you should know okay anyway now just a few more protein um to conclude to deal with this episode is this vows basically we after you have the base yasif we go down to the Rama once you get to the Rama the Rama just it seems clearly ramaz and to saying it he brings a few pieces into maril and Rabbi Zac Turner relating to this which he does throughout history especially he adds tons of pieces from the Maru and the rising Turtle sometimes he argues on them but he brings them down interestingly enough when he's talking about the Fila of kolnidre he throws in in Maisha the following he says these are my real which many people have heard it says don't change of your city now this is he brings it down again after talking about now the question is what's going on over here all of a sudden the ramad tells me this this my real doctor called ninja the answer is there's a story behind it but there's a meaning don't trap it with manhog what's interesting is that this Makar of the my real when you look inside the maroon there's a much greater story and that story was that he was about Philo over the years it seems he changed some type of Thriller and a child of his died so he attributed the death of his child because he's mashana Dominic means say the power of many which anyone who knows anything about the my real and then there are more gutters from this Hebrew the power of the meaning wins anyway and that's what the ramadas trying to show Even though yes this is the tour the bottom line is he say commentary we want to handle what no that's one thing it's not even in the it's not even in this discussion in the dark imaisha and not only that and that's why he specifically over here it seems that's why he's talking about it anyway um fast forward um after we have the documentation he brings up one issue why is it that this three people why are there people surrounding him what's the what's the story behind when the when the shots are saying call lidre why are the people next him and the dark emotion deals with that he gives some suggestions anyway fast forward his coma de la Bush deals with various aspects at length he shows that there's various which are Aramaic he says because it's Aramaic they didn't know and mistakes crept in and he has all different shinoy stuff interestingly enough he doesn't quote that maril that which was said and if you look later on um um one before um we're going to see that there's others that specifically say that anyway now I just want to highlight here to conclude this episode with one last part which is the bach a lot of times when you learn so you're overwhelmed with the yada and the makairus that the base series throws at you over here it's very interesting that it's underwhelming the to put a mildly the makarius says he deals with the rush he deals with very very bekit sir and he whisperings here Rivage pretty much in one of the maramakam over here in this sugyo tell you if you learn tour basis a lot you'll see the tour is usually very few lines here it's a huge I mean it's relatively very big area because here the bach here you could see one of the places a great sample to see the greatness of the bach he first talks about the thrill of color he brings down in my real then he talks about the shy love wearing a Talus he brings out a bunch of macayers for that he starts handling with Robin with robino Tommy deals with the gear solids he handles he brings a smog I go he's my neighbors or Isaac Turner he has other issues with it he knew about the ramban's base majors of the mishberg he has other issues that he talks about he brings which also talks about which we'll also see eventually he deals with the revash he has other aspects from the Mario he deals with he argues with sharply against the lavish who was mashana he says not to be mashana and he concludes with bringing a nice piece from all this is of a few pages which you see here he's bringing a ton and this is a way to appreciate the greatness of the Hebrew and to focus on it so here we see sometimes the base is a foreign over here did not have what to say or didn't want to have what to say so he doesn't say much fast forward we have the magnet from the tops also the Taz has a beautiful a few valuable pieces of information the Magnum has less but they both say not to chepa with the nostril I um believe that it also has to do with this lakuda that I'm mentioning with from the Rama don't chapter with the meaning which is all based on the my real anyway Rebecca venden originally wants to change it he says that the people who didn't know how to make so well says leave it and um um and that's that and Amir sashem that's the that's part one this is just a tiny Smorgasbord very shitrius very superficial some of the macarons out there in mainstream sources about the um in some tough ratio tests about Hashem the next episode we'll just try to discuss a little bit more what's where did this come from okay so thank you very much for this episode um will you also discuss next episode why is it that the base yes if uncharacteristically they're not um discuss all those who shine them and the back and the opposite extreme did discuss more than usual no the back is not necessarily more than usual it's just over here you could see the greatness of the Box sometimes the back could add a lot even when the base station does add a lot but over here it's I don't have an answer why the base series over here is very quiet it's very quiet uncharacteristically it's by territory in the mystery of of the origins of culinary that's what I think as we'll see very good thank you very much end of part one looking forward to part two thank you