Maseches Makkos Throughout The Ages

[Music] Welcome back, Rabbi Dr. Al Yazar. We're here to do an episode. It is getting close to Pes but Makus is starting this week and we can't not do the original style episode started with which is his preview of how Makis Makus was learned throughout the generations with some interesting old news and everything else that's on his mind. This has not been dedicated. We're still looking for a sponsor. It could be anonymous. We could put your name onto it. Um, but even more importantly, check out Rabbi Brutz's musings of a book collector new release about four special Hagadot on your bookshelf or maybe not yet on your bookshelf, but maybe you want to consider putting on your bookshelf after you listen to Bratz analysis of the Hagadas that have come out this year. Only four of them. He probably could do 54 of them. Um, but he's sparing you and he only did four. So, Rabbi Brat will tell us exactly where to find them. And without further ado, Rabbi Brat, welcome back. Okay, so um so we're going to begin with Makus Makis over here. So, Makus is the first question that people ask is is this part of Maktus Sanhedrin? So, interestingly enough, many years ago, I come across I'm learning we we recently recorded an episode about Margolus. So I was learning one of his beautiful and then he so he brings down that parish calls that was really 13 proim and the last three proim were what we have as makus and there's two places in the rabb such a statement I don't want to interrupt but you or I said that you're going to tell people where they can find your episode and if they don't listen till the end they're not going Here we're so maybe just tell them now and then continue. No problem. We'll tell them right now. Basically, you go on old oldaf website. You search for old in the oldaf series. Search for musings of a book collector episode number four. We deal with four I deal with four new hagas that just came out. Okay. So now returning back to the um story at hand. So the question is what's going on? Is it part of Sanhedrin? I came across a river of Marggo Springs down the rabb in two places where he says that Sanhedrin was really a 13 peric maka with the three praim that we have as makus was part was his sonhedrin okay I I later on come across rabag in the beginning of his parish of kish where there it sounds like the he says that the that that sonhedrin and then there's makis with three proams what's going on over here so okay maybe rules didn't know about it I don't know more recently there's been a lot of work done on And it turns out that someone went ahead and changed in the manuscripts. It tak says in all the places the Ra had a 13 para whereas someone went ahead and changed and this we find this many times that people in the in the manuscript world when it came to print they would change things without even telling you based on what they knew. So they knew Makus is so they did you the favor in one of the places they changed it that it's that that to to be the way it is now today which is Makus but if you look in other places in Ra they didn't change it over there okay anyway the point is that there's other mak such a thing brings down lamash raan rajbah that also that according to them possibly such a such a such a marakum but the ra and which I think rumor goes also quotes he says um that it's not it that there are those that are and counted as one but it's not it's its own it's a this is what the Rambam goes with in his okay now so you can look at this in musc and he also talks about this in the beginning of a and in a few other places in about this one other maramak because it's just now his yard siteman he also has about this in a called in the back of the there's an where he talks about if you look it's very short so he has a whole beautiful piece about it and in there he also talks about this of is attached to not attached has some more claims anyway so this is one of the first questions that people discuss another question that we always discuss in these kind of episodes is the garum. Is there anyone that dealt with the manuscripts of the garam? We still have theim which we've spoken about many different times. We also have mayor is in 1888 puts out a um based on the manuscripts and what's called an academic version of makas. Okay, moving right along to Rashi. So we've already mentioned in previous episodes of this series that there's a discussion when Rashi dies and everyone knows towards the end of Makus and he dies. When does he die? He dies in other makas. We've already spoken about it, but for the most part, most of Rashi and this Mak is Rashi and there's work has been done about this mak by Malahi and I'm more than happy to send at least one article of his that I have on Rashi on Mak. Okay, so this is the Gumar and this Rashi which they have throughout the generations. So I always quote the quoting the from the on different he gives you the breakdown the he saw a lot of times they were manuscripts sometimes in print. Here he mentions is the Ramban and the Ramban is first published in I believe 1801 the says it's full of mistakes full of printing mistakes our generation which is something that I always mention in every episode of these things where tons of manuscripts have been discovered so heller publishes it based on a few different manuscripts and one could read his introduction to see all the things that they fixed up throughout of the mistakes that crept in the ritzvah it's published earlier in 1762 interestingly enough today There is no which is not so common. Most of the time the we do have manuscripts of it but we do not for this and 1939 um he puts out an addition he also does the onilla and he writes on the whole who is he was a rashiva and he's um in different places he had to he learned in he had from reb laser mutels and for those that want to hear all about laser mutels if you bought by this issue of you could have from our dear friend wrote a whole massive massive about it tells her so this is a tal of his it seems or at least he got from him and he was shashiv he ends up getting to America and America seems he plugged away he was arav city and he put out these mus and once again something that I've mentioned time and time again there must be some connection with it probably is the influence of Although it says over here that he's a Talmud of Okay. Anyway, so that's what the and the Ramban did any and my one of my favorite questions in all these episodes always is what happens does anything else happen? So already way back in the 1860s we start withano and turns out this is where today we take for granted you open up and many and you have but when did this where did this even come from? So we spoke a little bit about it in the episodes of Kyfski but it starts really on Makis Makis what happens is the great Hoffman publishes in 1876 for the for the for the 25th thing of the what's his name of Brazil Hilenheimer becomes is the Rav a special occasion they put outra of including material of his for the first time okay and some other material ones Now where does he get it? They had a manuscript f a few years just a few years later shass vill starts and they they get rashus and they published the material from this work that David Hafen did and they put it in. Now the way things always work is that over time um it seems that the they didn't give not they didn't first of all they didn't publish all and um they have other artists from the great head and the author of the who was ya he worked on it also but anyway so finally finally in a journal calledu in just literally two years ago some family member of publishes is the horrors that were not published that mean say they were only published in 1876 but were not published in Shas VNA so he puts them back on the map so to speak he gives you aris on and a theme that you'll see a few times right away something that I mentioned a bunch of times the rabban is the macaram so you'll see here a few times points to a raam oh like this mash of a raam with this rabano and there's also some trous manuscript relating to some other tyrus of rabano so can find this inu in the volume 12 that came out a few years ago. So that's one thing already. Now we ready gave credit to M Harry Fishell and Sanhedin they put out like seven volumes. So what happens over here? Turns out they did the same for Makis. They put out the real mandre the reol they redo the Ritzvah and so so far that's some of their volumes. Okay. So they put some on the map so to speak. Now besides rashi on every maka most makas we have tyus. So standard in many makas we have tyus rush. So in this ma we do not have the tyus rush but we have a few tyus in it's called tyus shance published way back but again a critical editions put out by this m Harry Fishell and what they discover a major work raenu parrots. So we now have under in the world to understand you have parrots and what they call possibly. So now the is slowly become already you have and you have at least two two tis besides the standard tis that's getting more a little bit more and then in the 60s comes out a worker from manuscript which we've mentioned many times and this is put out by Shiman Strilowitz. So this was a guy. He was a of a cook. He died tragically very young. He worked for Israeli in the his edition with his beautiful writes a whole beautiful. I have to mention otherwise forget about it. And then a few years back they put out a beautiful volume called which has a lot of hisra of this great shiman stilowitz um and his connection with his rebi also. Okay. So anyway so this m and then it was published again. So we now have him and mak. So now we're getting a few more and there's more there's some more. Okay. Now one of the yidden that I never really discussed much about him which is worthy of discussing is a professor. is very famous for publishing different that he discovers and what he discovers and this was one of the things is cresusha I'm getting the name wrong obviously I break my teeth all the time on it and he I think it was from the from the kayaka it seems he's considered to be a Talmud of the Ramban so he publishes this on this so we we bar over time we got some we got some what's the story with so yes we have a Yeshua was the learned. So I don't know I don't have a lot of times I try to find documentation if learned it. Do we have early other than the Yeshua um writing about it? So we'll see shortly about one but we don't really have so much we saw an explosion of different things but they only happened very late. There weren't so many months in and it wasn't really learned um throughout the generations. So we have the great so he publishes a bunch of perushim his on different so we've already quoted in our episode devoted just to him that he has a beautifuld and over there he says it seems that there was a certain to learn makas it could be because it's small and he says very few people very very few handled it and the only reason that we really have is the as I mentioned earlier because that's all he had um now he's the one of the go-to on this and does he doesn't skip even so there's also that and of course we life wouldn't be simple is that published a with many of his that they found in of his with new materials always always finding new materials not only was that many new materials have come to light recently put out a whole volume of his and put out a volume I just mentioned another safer which comes out in 1899 is called and we don't have really any other material from this person. Who is this? Who is he? He's the son of the so he was a he's born in 1842. He dies in 1901. So he doesn't live all that long but he he was a big rashiva. He had thousand I don't know thousands he had many hundreds of um he didn't want to become a rav until he becomes rav of and um he was it seems that at least part of his time he was wealthy so he supported his talid to learn by him um reaching out to one of the mumim of the in the world is a friend of mine roams I asked him about him um does he have any good information about him so he told me that it's interesting is that although he's familiar with his father it's his style is not at all similar to the matayas maybe quotes him even once or twice by name. He's you can see he's familiar with his stuff but his mahal khalim is not um maritayas it's much more galitaner style learning of that time and kiadua the great kiker of galataner who yedin who died recently in his work mar galitzia or mayor of vunder so he has a nice entry a few p few columns on this tremendous yid with all the information that he dug up about him okay so basically it's not looking all that good you have 1907 which we spoke about in one of our early episodes of while looking for materials on Kachim he finds he hears about that in vno there was a of the area called gurari I think or his father they were very into it when they used to learn it from manuscript even so goes ahead and publishes it because he was he was a to put it nicely a kachum junkie so he was looking for any materials out there for kachum related so he publishes it and once there was in this material there was a whole on he publishes that too And this and Rebla his son which I'm always fond of quoting in his biography and his father he also mentions this makuda. Okay. So this is yet another work that comes to light on this but only in 1907. So as opposed to many other episodes where I where I'm able to give you a list of long here I have to go a different style and I have to quote some more contemp more relatively contemporary works. So number one is a work that I'm very very fond of many different he was to learn and his on many different there's a lot to say about this great he was he was very involved with the issue of America's and wrote a few different articles that were published after he was killed and they're available in Hebrew and in English and the point is was a great guide and his farm are also very special they're available on Hebrew books and makas is very useful. Now another just to list a few more and and to conclude is as follows. This is a this m this m it has less than 30 blot and there's a lot of you know it's a very big to finish it because it's you know it's a small even as I said I think even emphasizes this it's a it's a small so people want to finish it so the whole project began I believe with um which is a beautiful project where they collect tons of you know called the big green monster or whatever the the some people in it we spoke about if if it's good for the Jews or bad for the Jews looking at these type of we mentioned already in more than one episode but this was like this is where it began the raid on they collect it now how were they able to do it so there's always there was another his name in a work called Imran who who died very recently his name was binyam guzzik who died he learned in panovich and he was a prolific writer a great lambd wrote on many of the makas and one of the makas that it seems it became like the Yua was his work in Yemen on Makis a massive work not only in also tons of which we're talking about way before it's Hebrew books and Google books so they had a source to help them out and they give credit to this in the beginning of their work that's imms rabbi growing up he wrote the first volume of makas and he wrote a few other volumes before Artsko became and and identified and figured out themselves where they're heading Now I remember when I was a bach learning makus and campers I was here from Epstein at the time. So at that time mamish came out also a safer that that the at least in those years was crazy into a massive work of Rosovski on the mak say at that time the tyroski was always known um that gave amazing sharim but they were in these like stencil formats they weren't so well written and I think makas is when it really took off they put out this massive encyclopedic work it was 7 800 pages and I remember buying it going through it and everyone was we would say at that time this was the safer it's everything there was nothing that he wasn't in sus everything and I remember at that time so this is way back in campra I was about 20 so going back over 25 years ago so there was such a thing called tapes this is before computers and before all these different things so I had I collected amongst other things tapes of different I had a partner at that time of his name is he had He loved tapes to listen to tapes of good. So what was very kashv was he was got hooked into somehow a private collection of rivuluski tapes of punish a private punish collection and I remember he gave me a few to listen to and I was blown away and the nakuda was you always sometimes you always hear stories and after you listen to one all the stories of mush there was not a shred of exaggeration the unbelievable orator skills that he had the command the confidence you could hear tumbling And a guy screaming to try to get him. And he's ripping he without batting an eyelash. Br. Yeah. Bring me out the ram. I'll And he defends himself. He didn't get he didn't get flustered. This is a true g one of the rashivas of of the of the yeshiva world after World War II. And I listen I listen to this tape. There's no exaggerations man. It was a very special um treat. Now one other safer to mention is from Neria and the to me of this safer. This is a kashikan of nebra and he says on the cover he's using manuscripts of rash and tis this is a when you think about it the fascinating thing that of that camp so to speak using these types of material so these are just some of the materials of course searching on and books you find that how many different people have written traceim about this it's a beautiful people like it I I don't I'm still I'm waiting to hear a good what it is what's the in this ma part of it has to do with the size because the end is in sight but there must be some other thing that I'm waiting to see some article or some of a of a professional trans to explain what's the attraction to this because it definitely has an attraction to be messiah with one last thing we're holding right before pes and as we mentioned at the outset that we I just recorded an episode of four hagadas so one hagada that I might have mentioned in the episode that we gave gave over here a few years back about the bibliography of various important says I remember when I was 13 and I got this I couldn't put it down unbelievable unbelievable now one of the pieces that I read in that point in time was relating to Makus at the end of Makus we talk about Rabaka and the and they're all sad and there's all different makudas with the with what's going on they see the and and smiling happy and the le say there's a famous thing we know why are they going to bra They went to what's going on. So has a whole basically he had a positive outlook and they they were coming to him to get this positive outlook. Where do we see this positive outlook? So the scholars had puts it down but it's based on these sugius at the end of makas and rather if you look at does talk about this positive aspects of but he doesn't go this step this of the I'm sorry of the um which ties it to that's why they were going to say it didn't make sense why they're going to answer to calm them down it looks bleak it looks bad don't worry so again we're in a we're in a in the situation we are in sometimes it looks bad. So, here's a an accuda just to be Messiah from the relating to the end of Makus which is which is around the corner literally in 20 in 23 days or something from when we begin very soon. Okay, thank you very much and especially your fond memories of Rosovski safer. Yes, it's an incredible safer must have on your standard as you learn makas and this is something you know that kids have been learning you know it's one of the makas that kids boys elementary school high school so it's uh like you said it's a ma that draws people in and people really enjoy learning it. So we wish the many people who are embarking whether they're seasoned dafi learners whether they're taking on dafi for makis especially this year where it's over pesak and over vacation a lot of downtime certainly something to um take on and all the jokes that are out there makis and makis and how you going to give makis um did you mention did you mention if it's called makis or malus I did not I did I didn't get into that. I had I actually had a but I as of now I'm not doing it is to record an episode all about makis the concept of makis throughout the generations which is we find that they actually did give mak in brought down the most famous thing people don't realize but out of places that people get makus and I've quoted I believe once a story where there was people they didn't like their rebi so they arranged that they should give the makus for this rebi and they really and then went afterwards he found who that was them whatever but anyway the point is makis it was a punishment that was given even though bezdon the power of bezdon throughout the generations but we'll have to wait to a different time to give such episode okay so malus etc we'll keep the lashes for next time right exactly okay thank you very much have a wonderful yumptiff