"AI" Artificial Intelligence Part 2 - Is It Grama or One's Direct Act? The Distinction of Achiezer

this Tower class is brought to you by torahanytime.com good afternoon everyone we're continuing continuing to say it's a fascinating subject this is literally the most Cutting Edge topic on the minds of all scientists and technologists and it should be on our mind regarding how we view it in the halachic sense we began the subject last week perhaps we'll do two parts of it because the second part is not specific to artificial intelligence and that's the topic of the day this is going to be a three or four part series on AI artificial intelligence good afternoon everyone wonderful to see everyone let's briefly uh review what we learned last week and then we'll uh proceed last week we began discussing our uh voice activation if there would be a machine that you could speak to it and it will do work for you would that be considered a malacha at first glance the tars is don't do work usually speaking is not considered work if someone speaks Lush and Hara they don't get malkus because it's a love Shane by maisa but we began yesterday with what seems to be the prophecy of ramosha Feinstein who said that if they would ever create a machine that you could speak to and it would do work for you ramesha says off the bat we explain the basis of this very clearly the gemara discusses whether if you muzzle an animal while it's threshing without physically muzzling it but rather by yelling at it with your voice Locker says because the movement the contortions of your mouth are an action s asks an action so why did say that there are three loving that do not involve action that you still get malkus for swearing timura and cursing to which tysus says the reason why Rabbi in argamara regarding threat muzzling an animal with your voice the reason why revealing considers that an act is because your words produced a significant act by screaming at the animal the animal ceased and desist from eating so that's it's not that the words alone are an act cursing is not an act swearing is not an act but screaming at an animal causing it to desist from eating that is an act Isis goes on further to say that even tamura even if somebody were to speak and by speaking transferring kadusha from one animal to the next that too would be considered an act because even though your words did not create an act your words created a significant result and therefore based on that it seems that if you would be able to speak to a machine and the Machine would do work for you you say hey Alexa hey Google hey Siri um do me a favor turn on the lights it's it's hot initial now I got an email this week that why isn't this uh the dabardava we know you know how to ask a gentile to do work because we learned that from the da berdavar wouldn't this be with course this would be um so there are actually there are two ways of looking at it number one we're suggesting it's much worse than vadabadabra badabra may only be durabanon this is your words you yourself are doing an act it's not a matter of what you say you yourself are acting because your words bring about significant results if you ask a gentile to do work then that's not called an act because the person who you act is the person who you asked he could or could not do it he may do it he may not do it even if you know He'll Do It ultimately it's his choice so there the issue is a derisa because your words brought about significant result and we mentioned that we know there's a general principle whenever there's and that's in facts if you muzzle an animal with your voice you're considered acting on Shabbos it's a my son Shabbos and therefore we concluded and we saw this in theaters that Deborah that is covered mice is concern to Misa and therefore voice activation would definitely be considered an act one little technicality we have to uh discuss and this will be part two of the series and maybe today we'll do part three as well and that is okay I understand it's considered an act but is it considered a direct act or could you make the case that this is not a direct act this this should be considered something more like grama this should be considered something like Grandma the truth is we could really uh trim this down to a different case and discuss turning on a light switch on Shabbos we know one cannot make a fire on Shabbos it to light a a light bulb the old-fashioned light bulb um incandescent light bulb that's also lighting a fire but the question is what about turning on a switch because if you think about it the electric current is already in the wire the only thing is the electric current cannot get to the bulb because there's a gap in the circuit by flipping the switch you connect the circuit so are you really actively causing a firearm Chavez are you really directly better said are you directly lighting a fire on Chavez or is the fire there the fire has no way to travel so by flipping the switch you're just building a bridge you're building a bridge in the circuit you're completing the circuit so would that be directly lighting a fire on Chavez would that be burning a fire on Shabbos or would you say no that's not burning a fire on Shabbos that's just a grandma that's indirect by Phil by completing the circuit and I know there's the opinion of the khaza inish that it might be um it might be building but those are not the traditional Viewpoint of uh electricity usually electricity is considered fire mamish so the question is is that directly lighting a fire you're just building a bridge you're enabling the fire to get from point A to point B so is that havara medai Raisa so then and that would apply to a voice command am I doing an act or am I just triggering an act and if I'm triggering an act maybe it won't be permitted but it won't be die right so maybe it should only be drabanon so to understand electricity and to understand what is concerned acting what is considered triggering what is considered causing we have to examine very carefully two cases on the same page in the gemaran Sanhedrin agen is found under eins Mar America or Papa said excuse a guy tied up his friend he didn't like him his friend was bothering him he doesn't like the fact that his friend doesn't go for the same sports team that he does so he had enough of him he's going to tie him up and he's going to kill him he feels that's a Justified recourse for his friend not rooting for his sports team he's told him many times that he has to mend his ways his friend is not listening so he ties him up but he's not going to shoot him what he's going to do is he's going to put him near the big the Hoover Dam he's then going to make a hole in the Hoover Dam and within moments this friends will be washed away in a tsunami and he's going to wipe his hands clean saying it's not me I didn't do it the wood it's the Hoover Dam's fault you see what did I do there's no out there for to tie someone up people they used to do it uh when I grew up there was a show where I dive and then on simplest Terror they used to tie up so there's not there on the tire to tie someone up it's not it's not a nice thing to do it's not it's not advisable if you want to make somebody your friend avoid tying him up it's not a good thing to do but it's not a you know when a 613 navarroys 630 midsize anyway the guy ties up his friend and he then breaks the dam are you a murderer is he a murderer is he not a murderer says the gamara it's his Arrow um in other words let's say somebody shoots an arrow say whoa what did I do wrong there's not a video in the world to pull an arrow back into quiver it says I can't pull an arrow back into quiver okay and then I Let Go so what do you want from me see oh but you caused his death it's Grandma grandma is not a murderer if somebody or if somebody um has a gun and he pulls the trigger back so why is he a murderer well I see a murderer he just pulled the trigger back and then when he let go so that that caused the bullet to fly out but we say it's your bullet it's your arrow so it's his Arrow it's his Arrow um that's only in the first kayak ini but let's say the tsunami let's say the guy is like 10 blocks away and you know the water has to slowly go go go go go until and then go down a little bit of a drain and then get to him that's kayakshani grandma that's only a grammar okay that's the first case the first case is you tie your friend up you break the dam the water washes the guy away you're high of why it's your arrow and now we're gonna take a 30 second timeout for battery switch oh okay so let's talk about another case the amarava and I think this is something we could all understand that you can't call that a grammar because I did that I tied up my friend I broke the dam and I put my friend in the inevitable situation where a force that I Unleashed is gonna kill him so that should be understandable what makes things difficult is the next couple lines which is a little bit higher up on the page actually but it's I put a number 11.8 if somebody shot an arrow utris and the guy who you shot the arrow at has a shield in his hand okay so again you didn't do anything wrong the guy has a shield he is adept at blocking arrows so you just aimed an a arrow at his shield fine so ruvain shot an arrow at your mind shiman's holding a shield and leafy comes along and before the arrow hits schumann's Shield Levy comes and he kicks away shiman's shield and now the arrow hits shimming between the eyes Potter not only is Levy Potter but what if Ruben who shot the arrow he's such a fast guy he outran the arrow kicked away the shield so now not only is he shooting the arrow he's also the guy knocking away the shield then not lie that feeling even if the guy who shot it came and he took it away Potter he's Potter why lady lavey's putter for kicking away the arrow excuse me for kicking away the shield right two cases ruvane shoots an arrow at Shimon shimon's holding a shield Levy comes along and knocks away the shield so the arrow hits shivine or even if ruvain comes along and actually The Shield so that the arrows can hit shaman Levy's Potter for knocking away the shield ruvain's putter for shooting the arrow and knocking away the shield why his arrows were severed at the time ruvin shot the arrow the arrow wasn't going to do any damage because shiman's holding a shield which means when ruvain shot the arrow they were not his arrows those arrows were harmless ah but Levy kicked away the shield okay whatever's lady doing he's removing a protection from Shimon yeah that's grandma Levy's not killing Shimon leaving lavies causing Shimon to die that he's Potter for Levy is not killing Shimon Levy is causing shiman to die so the million dollar question that the we shine a mask on that camera the Rama asks on nakamara is that wait a second if by Levy taking away a shield he's not killing Shimon all he's doing is removing shima's protection then why is it that if a guy comes ties up his friend and makes a hole in the dam he shouldn't be killing Sherman he's just removing shiman's protection by making a hole in the dam there's water looming here the wall is the protection of shimain and by making a hole in the dam you're removing the protection so why is it that if someone shoots an arrow removing the shield is a grammar and making a hole in the dam is not a grandma it's your arrow why when you make a hole in the dam is it your arrow and when you remove the shield it's a grandma that's the question of the day that's why Hashem kept us alive for today to study the distinction between these two cases okay they seem to be identical however they are not and they are so different that literally the difference between them will explain to us why we can't turn on a light switch on Shabbos again setting up the case if you break a hole in the dam even though you're just removing the guy's protection what's protecting him from the water that's called your arrow and yet if an arrow is headed to a guy and you remove the shield that's not your arrow you're a grandma and basically what grezinski in his classic chuva on electricity excuse me he says he says a wondrous thing quoting the Rama and in a nutshell and maybe we'll read it inside he says there's a very big difference between making a hole in a dam which seems to be just removing somebody's Shield and taking away someone's Shield namely when an arrow is headed towards your mind and Levy comes along or even if Ruben comes along and acts away the shield listen carefully if the shield is knocked away and removed after the arrow has already come to the shield that doesn't do anything it won't inflict any harm on Shimon when will it inflict harm if you do it while the arrow is headed there okay so while the arrow is headed there I took away the shield did I do anything no I didn't do anything because the arrow didn't come yet whoa but you're making him susceptible to the arrow okay I'm making him susceptible but I'm not killing him it's a grandma the arrow is on its way I remove the shield so what am I doing I am removing something that could protect someone okay that's a grammar that's a full-fledged grandma I'm removing something that could protect someone I didn't do what did I do I just took away your Shield uh but eventually the arrow is Gonna Come causing someone to be in a situation where ultimately they're going to die as a grandma so then why if I break a hole in a dam is it considered my arrow listen very carefully because the water is looming there the only thing holding it back is the dam when I open up the dam will the water come in a few days will the water come in an arrow or where the water spurred out immediately the water will spread out immediately because the water is pressing up against the dam and the water would wash the way the guy away right now if not for the dam so by opening up the dam I am triggering activating the water immediately when you activate an immediate foot when you activate a force immediately that's your arrow but when there's an arrow shooting and I take away a shield the arrows going to come but it's not right there in front of it it's going to come so that's just a grammar you see when there is a force right there that as soon as I remove the impediment I thereby activate and trigger a force the force is there there's something holding back the force the moment I remove the impediment I trigger that Force I activate the force that is my arrow it's like shooting a gun ah shooting a gun should be a grammar because I just pulled back the trigger and that causes the bullet to shoot yeah no kidding but by pulling the trigger back it immediately unleashes that Force you immediately unleash a force a force that's there and you're the one who Unleashed it you activated it that's your arrow but if you shoot an arrow at shimane and nothing would have happened to shimane because human has a shield if I then outrun the arrow and pull away the shield I didn't activate the arrow I made it then ultimately he will be hit by now that's a grandma now if my timing is so precise then I remove the shield a nanosecond before the arrow comes that is time to mount to activating the arrow because now it's not just I make him susceptible to how that's coming the arrow is literally by the shield and for me to pull it away that second that's like shooting the guy then it becomes my arrow now let's apply that to turning on a light switch foreign you have an electric current in a circuit it's the you have an electric current in The Wire the problem is this the current cannot travel further because the circuit is broken so that's like water looming in a dam the moment I flicked the light switch I close the circuit the electricity will travel so fast that it will light up the incandescent bulb in a nanosecond it's going to travel 186 000 miles per second so it's what am I doing I'm triggering a looming force that the moment I close the circuit I cause the fire to shoot up and to light up the incandescent bulb that's not a grandma that's me that's my arrow that's my arrow it's no different than someone who ties up his friend and then makes a hole in the dam and therefore that's considered not grama of electricity that's burning a fire therefore coming back to the question at hand and uh whether somebody speaks to Alexa and say Alexa turn on the light or turn on the AC are you being gay now think about it there's a force there is a capability of this technology and by speaking to it which we determined already is your act if you're going to cause a result you immediately set off that a light goes on or that air conditioner goes on or that heat goes on where that a screen goes on that's not a grammar that is your direct action and it would be a Malachi it's no different than flicking on a light switch if you want to see the aches are inside maybe it's kadai to see inside um regarding the substance explained regarding lighting electricity before it enters the glass bulb hefts by there's a interruption when you turn the the circle you create some kind of bit bridge over our love that the current flows through so then you could say yes maybe you'll say it's just a grammar and it should be similar to what we say in Sanhedrin eins that if you shoot an arrow and the guy's holding a shield and somebody comes away and he takes away the shield even if you yourself come and take away the shield you're partner why because at the time that you shot the arrow at the time that you shot it your arrows were ceased so we see if you remove a shield that prevents an arrow even though you make the arrow available to hit the guy says this is not concerned it's a grammar so why don't we say the same thing regarding Shabbos that flicking on a light switch is a grandma because I'm not lighting the fire I'm just creating a bridge I'm allowing that's that current to travel so why is allowing a current to travel different than allowing an arrow to travel foreign besides removing an impediments you're connecting the wires so you're actively lighting the fire but he says even without that he says even if you say that it happens on its own but based on the gemara and Sanhedrin that if you tie your friend up and you break the dam so he quotes the Rama who asks he says on why when you activate the dam are you high of the water is not going on you know actually it's counter-intuitive think about it if you shoot an arrow you shot the arrow and you pull away the The Shield your putter that Arrow was your fourth and yet if you break a dam that the water is going on its own it's not going from my Force then I'm Hive in a way it's counterintuitive by the dam the water is going on its own it's the force of the water it's not his Force by the arrow it's his arrow and yet by his Arrow you're popular for taking away the shield and by the damn you're higher for removing the dam it's counterintuitive by the damn the water goes on its own by the arrow it's his arrow and yet by the arrow he's Potter and by the damage wants to know it's going because but there's an interruption he says excuse me by the dam the water is not going through his kayak there's something in between the water and him and you took it away so the water is going on its own it's not your his kayak and why is it any different than shooting an arrow with a shield and someone takes away the arrow so what do we see that if taking away something between the victim and the arrow your putter even though the arrow was your Force certainly by the water where the water is not going from your Force says very simply when you take away the shield you're taking away the shield before the arrow gets to the guy because if you take it away after it gets to the guy then removing your Shield wouldn't do anything so you had to take away the shield before it gets to the guy so then what am I doing I didn't do anything remove a shield he's in the same healthy condition he was as before oh you're saying you're making him susceptible because the arrow is eventually going to come we say if the murder is going to come your putter the gram of al-mahu it's just grandma yes if a person is moving the shield does that mean that he wants the person to be hit absolutely his kavana is to murder the guy yeah exactly we think that that he should be that uh but again you're you're not a good guy the guy's not a good guy and he's not going to get schlichy in the shul but he's not a hellachic murderer because he did it through indirect cause that's not called Direct why because he removed the shield before the arrow is going to get there so yes he caused his death and he's going to be punished in in heaven but he's not considered a murderer in terms of the the courts down here in this world what was his reason for removing the shield because the guy is a Met fan and he doesn't like Met fans that was his not at all the guy was premeditated he's been pre he's been practicing knocking out shields for 10 years but nevertheless in terms of what occurred it was not considered a direct murder because the arrow is headed there so then what what about by the dam when you remove the dam ascus that interposed between him and the water Maya have inaugurated Afra the water was leaning up against the dam the water was looming by the dam so the way I like to explain it is that when you remove the dam you activated the water so now the water is you the water is your arrow but when you shot an arrow at a guy with a shield the arrow is put is uh it won't accomplish anything so your arrow is dead oh what are you gonna get me for removing the shield think carefully removing a shield doesn't activate the arrow it makes it that ultimately the arrow will hit that's grandma removing a dam activates the water because the water is right there pressing up against the dam it's like shooting a bullet removing a dam is like shooting a bullet removing a shield is not like shooting a bullet it's making the guy ultimately susceptible to the bullet but applying this back to turning on a light switch when you turn on a light switch where the current is up up it's right up to the edge of the wire it's the only problem is it can't travel because the circuit's not completed the moment you close the circuit you're activating the current that's your arrow by the way you know if somebody turns on the switch of a of an electric chair he's a murderer because again that's his Arrow or if somebody uh flicks the switch and it causes you need something called it has to be the force of man it can't be a secondary kayak that's considered the force of man the the distinction that the Rama is making is that when you remove a shield you're just allowing the arrow to reach the guy when you break a dam you're activating the force of the water foreign that if you were to remove the shield a millisecond before it would have got uh um if you remove a shield the millisecond before the arrow gets there that would be comparable to Breaking the dam down because now you're not just taking away a shield and making him susceptible to Arrow but since the arrow is right there you then like you you then activate the arrow and you you then like in a way have ownership over the arrow the arrow is becoming you're unleashing that Force you're activating that force not just putting the person in the situation where he will ultimately be affected by that Force director again but we have to I understand but we have to we have to view each one separately so the guy shot an arrow right but he didn't do anything because the guy's holding a shield so shooting the arrow we're not going to nail him for so now he quickly runs runs and he removes The Shield that's also grandma because he is just making the victim susceptible to a coming Arrow Shield that he shot the arrow yeah there was nothing no barrier to or prevent the arrow from that he looks like but yeah the only thing is when he's shot when he when he shot the arrow there was a barrier it's a later act to remove the barrier so the shooting was not problematic because there was a barrier the removal of the barrier is not a good deed but it's not a direct murder it is removing of a barrier but we don't view removing a dam as removing a barrier we review the removing of a dam as activating the force of the water it's like shooting a gun and that this this gemara is the source for not using electricity on Shabbos why electricity is not a gruma why electricity is your act it's amazing it's amazing that a gamara in Sanhedrin that's not talking about Shabbos it's not talking about fire it's not talking about electricity is marshaled as the a very compelling source that turning on a light switch on Shabbos is your direct Miser now if let's say by turning on a light switch you cause a timer to go on that that timer in 10 seconds will cause the light to go on that's a grandma you know and then maybe someone who's a hila would be allowed to do that possibly but the the classic light switch the classic way electricity works it's considered um your act is that if you were to remove the shield a millisecond before the arrow comes that would be more than just removing a barrier that would be reckoned activating the oncoming Arrow so that's um coming back to the voice activation where you're not merely causing a light to go on if you say hey Alexa turn on the light make yourself useful turn on the light you know you're you're your words are producing a significant act so we already determined that as an act and it's not a grammar it's it's activating a force that's immediate so that would be a Malachi di Raisa I also received an email during the week of someone who says that their father asked for some about if one were to um cause Malacca with their thoughts that is permitted that may be but I do not think concluded that way he has explicitly in the uh in his safer I have it on the sheets over here we're based on let's see if I could put up in my area where he brings from who says from the makhota that if somebody Cooks through makshava or Deborah and he wanted to say that even though by all other malachas we say only dark Asia is also a grandma Shari not by Bishop afia so if someone says what about the fact that you're only cooking through thought and it it's not that it's not that malacha through thought is not a malacha says amen it's that the Issa of baking and cooking is only with fire if you cook in the sun your putter so if let's say you caused in your thought that the food should be cooked that the food should let's say you could cause through your thought that the man should taste like something cooked that would not be mava shall not because would not be able one would not be obligated for thought on Shabbos but rather because you're not cooking with a fire you're just making the food taste as if it's cooked in a fire but if you could do Malachi then it does seem like would forbid it the same way we hold that if you cause malacha through voice activation will be a problem if somehow and I think there is if machines could detect uh cerebral activity and thereby do malacha that would also be a problem so uh next week we'll see if we break it up into into tushirim uh we're going to continue on the subject more in a hashgraphic sense and that is with all of the advancements in artificial intelligence is there any what is if any what is the advantage of human intelligence over artificial intelligence actually they just reported in the news last week that using AI there were these superbugs that there they were not able to treat with antibiotic because these bugs became antibiotic resistant so people would pick up these infections in the hospital or soldiers would pick it up in Afghanistan or Iraq these uh superbugs that were resistant to antibiotic and using aai they using the these algorithms they were able to test like seven thousand drug compounds and they're able to identify exactly what was resistant about the infection and they're able to come up with the right antibiotic for it so the question is is our meager mortal intelligence any match for artificial intelligence and will human intelligence become obsolete in an age of uh computer generated intelligence okay we're going to hold it over here we'll we'll do the next part next week I wish you uh all a wonderful day and Cult of oh yeah thank you have a good day [Music] you've just experienced another Torah class brought to you by torahanytime.com