Maseches Megilla Hilchos HaRif 3 | HaRav Yitzchak Breitowitz

Uh shalom everyone. Uh we are continuing our shim on the muscilla theas of the riff and [snorts] uh the shir is dedicated by the wife and menowitz family leo nishmas alzarb of yoshua hesshel shasa pascor of ramosua hessel benzar and May this dra to be the elo nisham and we are very grateful to the wife and men's family for their generous support of uh we are learning the riff on migilla in the hope that we would finish be able to finish the m before porim and we are uh on daf bay of the riff remember the riff starts with daf alf And uh it starts off with a passage from the Mishna that says right cities that have a wall that had a wall from the days of Yeshua Benon they read the migill on the 15th that's why Jerusalem reads on the 15th min how do we know this Because again people think it's beferish in the migilla. It actually is not beferish in the migilla. The migilla tells us that most of the world most of the Jewish communities fought on the 13th and rested on the 14th. And Shushan fought on the 13th and the 14th and rested on the 15th. So as far as the migill is concerned the only distinction in purim would be between Shushan and everybody else. You don't necessarily see any magical thing of mukes. Now I gave you a sari yesterday but the question is where do you see that in the migill itself. So Rav's answer is we know it from the puk says the following. The Jews who live in open cities without a wall, they celebrate Purim on the 14th. Now, it doesn't say bufferish that cities with a wall do it on the 15th. It just says cities without a wall do it on the 14th. So the gammor is since the the the the singles out that open cities cities without a wall do it on the 14th. So we could infer. Okay. Again the Gmorra discusses how do you know that? But but the short answer is since the only two dates that are given are the 14 and the 15. So once we exclude the walled cities from the 14 that's going to leave them with the 15. Now then the gammor points out the riff is mature Yeshua. Shushan has a wall had a wall but it certainly was not but still that's it does say they fought on the 13th and on the 14th and they rested on the 15th so they celebrate Pur on the 15th my hiasa In other words, again, as I pointed out yesterday, the reason for Shushan on the 15th has nothing to do with it being a walled city. Shushan is on the 15th because they fought the Milama on 13 and 14 and they rested on the 15th. Uh the reason for the other walled cities being on the 15th was because they were Johnny come lately in the celebration of the holiday. So it was a getter of a caness. So the point to keep in mind again and this point was developed at greater length yesterday that the reason for purim for is not the same as for okay now then we have a few regarding walled cities. So the first that we know is it had to have a wall from the days of Yeshua bin. Second is of Yeshua bin Ley when something is a so here means a city with a wall from Yeshua bin. So the den that a crack is does not only mean the city within the wall but so the rule is that even areas that are not walled But they are adjacent. We'll see the definition. They are adjacent to the walled city are considered to be but to the walled city and read on the 15th and anything that can be seen from the walled city even though it's not adjacent. So this is or also reads on the 15th. So this is now what is the shear that is called adjacent he gives an example that's familiar to the the listeners then let's vary the distance between a small village to Taria that is called Sah meal. The sheer is 2,000 Amos which is approximately 4,000 ft or a kilometer. Why does Ravier give me an example of a city? Let him say meal which would be clear to everybody that since meal itself Pearson doesn't always know how to measure it because an amma can be anything between 1 and 1/2 ft to 2 feet the shear of meal can be determined by measuring the distance. So this is actually a very very very important. This basically says any areas that are within 2,000 any areas that are within a meal of a walled city has the of a walled city. And another is any area that can be seen from the walled city from I guess from any part of the walled city has the hala of a walled city even though it is not within a mill. Now this is actually the lumbos. Why all parts of yamim basically read on the 15th technically the only part of us that has had a wall since Yeshua Benun is the old city. So whether it's Harnov, Malotapna, Ramodesesko, these did not have a wall within uh they don't have a wall now and they certainly didn't have a wall in the time of Yeshua bin. But we apply the brules of or to bear and then you get into huge questions. What if something could have been visible but it gets blocked by the buildings? Does that change it? There's also for example uh we basically don't even start measuring the 2,000 till the last house. So let's assume you have a bunch of houses that are adjacent to the walled city. Does that extend to 2,000? The answer is no. It does not. The 2,00 is measured taka from the wall and it does not get extended by the houses that are adjacent to the wall. It's not like to meaning to say 2,000 amos from the wall after that point McGill is read on the 14th unless even though it's not unless it's a so because of this there there there are a number of issues regarding different shunos in som new construction uh views get blocked uh that's why in some places remote Some some people did read on the 14th rather than the 15th. So I'm not here to be m all the but be aware of this very very important principle of aop and the general fact that um and are not extended by the houses that are considered to be adjacent. Okay, now we have another from Levy Benfar. A walled city that was first settled as a city and only got its wall later. So even if it had a wall from Yeshua, if first there was the city and then there was the wall, it has the of a village. Now the word village is is doesn't really work here because the issue is not a village. The issue is it's an ear which would read Miguel on the 14th. But I guess if it's a small town so had it had a wall it would have been 15 as a it gets the benefit of ya. Now the truth is there actually is a mahocus here. What what is talking about um there are two different significances in whether a city has a wall be may Yeshua bin. One is the rabbitic law that says that walled cities from Yeshua read on the 15th and if it doesn't have a wall from it reads on the 14th. So that's no gaya mikra migillah which of course is the subject of makus migilla but there's another area where having a wall is important and that's the gab mitzvah in paras bahar we read that at the time when yel was n when there was yel we don't keep ya today because you need most of the yidden init if a person bought a house in a walled city. The owner of that house had a right to redeem the house, get it back by tendering the purchase price. And he has 12 months to redeem. But there's a sakosv if he fails to redeem the house within 12 years it becomes the permanent property of the buyer and does not go back to the seller even when yoville comes unlike fields which go back be and unlike houses in nonwalled cities which go back. There's a gazer that do have an immediate 12-month redemption period, but after that 12-month redemption period, they do not go back to the lo uh to the mo. And on that rebuy is saying in order to qualify as a base you first have to have the and then the bias and not the bias and then the so rashi seems to learn that Yeshua bin Ley is only talking about and this distinction does not apply to Mikram McGillah and the proof that Rashi might have is because the very ria that ble brings that if you first have the house and then you have the wall it's not considered a wall city the ria is from not from that's what the gumar says to because it says by when a man sells a house that is settled in a walled city implying that the house was within the walled city and not that the wall came later. So Rashi seems to learn that this raya itself means that Le is only talking about Tyus does argue and Tyus says that even though he's deriving something from but in reality it applies to McGill as well. Now the question is since in both cases you need a wall from the days of Yeshua bin how on earth are you going to know if first there was the wall and then there was the city or then there was the city first there was the city and then there was the wall so the post say if once you know there's a wall from you're notes that first there was a city and then there was a wall so this is really theoretical okay now another den from Rabbi Yeshua bin Levy [snorts] Rabbi Yeshua bin Leyan. So again the concept of a walled city also conotes a certain idea of importance. So number one you have to have a wall. Number two the wall has to be from Yeshua bin even though you don't need a wall. out. Uh number three, we just said from that there first has to be the wall and then the city as opposed to the city and then the wall. The next is that in order to have the kash of a walled city, even if it has a wall, it would not count for mikra migillah as a kash city unless there are 10 batlanim in the in the city. Now what are 10 blanim? So there's a these are 10 people who are basically available but meaning they don't have regular jobs they are on call so some say to take care of whatever the city needs essentially they're on the payroll to be available for issues that come up or alternatively bloim that are uh they're they're given a seat They're they're they're given a seat in the base medish to learn in Davin and the city supports them. It's like a coal and partners them. >> Thank you for listening to this awesome production. [music] To find out more and to partner in our mission, please visit or.edu.