Shimru - Keep It! Merakeid - Sifting, International Shabbos Project Learning Program

this Tower class is brought to you by torahanytime.com take two welcome everyone uh welcome to the international shimro keep it lamentes program we're amazingly up to the ninth malacha we actually skipped toy train and the reason we skipped talking is because we are doing three weeks in a row of malagos that are basically very similar to each other almost identical even asks why do I need three malachas winnowing selecting and grinding they all seem to be the exact same uh malacha so we're going to learn tonight today about the malacha of merakid sifting which is the ninth malacha and we scare as we mentioned we met we skipped but we did do Bishop so it's uh we skipped him but we did Bishop so nine malachos in nine weeks and uh we're moving right along now sifting was most certainly in the mishkan um where was sifting in the mishkan sifting was in the mishkan where once the herbs were Ground so they would take the salmonim they would take the herbs and they would grind them and they would mix it with water to create a paste however before they make the paste they need to cleanse it from impurities so this is already the third time that there is a malacha of a purifying selecting sifting number one we had Zora winnowing where the wind is going to carry away the refuse and then we had boy rare we're gonna take out the Pebbles you're gonna take out the soil and now we have maracade we're going to take out any impurities that may have mixed into the mixture okay so here we go what is the avmalacha of maracade the rambam paskins in the missionator hamara cadev one who sifts even the size of a dried fig isev what is the Toda comes around them by the way do you have the source material do you are you on the list you get the uh you get the sources some of you shake your head yeah some of you shake your head no if you're not on the list you need to get on the list um so look at this ramam the rambam says in mishna Torah paragraphs one who selects refuse from a liquid Harissa told us that is a tall dog either of Todo of Meraki now what does rama mean either it's a Todd of boiler or it's a Toyota Maraca what do you mean either one or the other and as we're going to see it is between the base yoi safe and the beer halacha whether the Rama means both or one or the other someone who selects and and uh cleanses from a liquid the uh sediment it's a toad of boy rare or is it told the maracade because zoira merakid are all similar to each other and why do we call them three separate malachas because anything that existed in the mishkan is considered a malacha okay very nice what about the Israel so the rambam continues one who strains sediments it's a Toda of boire or maracade like we just said therefore even though you're allowed to strain clear wine or clear water with a handkerchief or with a basket you cannot make a a cavity in the handkerchief like you do during the week because you're going to come to strain with a strainer also you cannot suspend a strainer the way you do during the week maybe you will come to uh to to strain fine then the rambam says what like a double Insurance in other words it's drinkable as is and maybe it will even be absolutely pure uh purified you ever see on these beverages they advertise triple filtered or why they triple if you need to filter a beverage three times uh maybe I don't want to drink it you know but somehow it adds something but it's not really discernible what the level of uh cleansing that's taking place so in other words nah maybe you know what it's like I'll give you an example most faucets have an aerator on it right and uh often before pesach people take it out really it should be cultured and most of the time when you take out the aerator you're not going to find like pebbles in the aerator so what is it there for uh you know just in case so are you are you allowed to use your faucet on shop this answer is yeah because whatever the aerator is filtering out it's not really a discernible filtering so that's sort of analogous to this case you want to strain clear wine or you want to strain clear liquid liquid you should you're allowed to do it but don't do it the way you do it during the week now the ramam says merakate is one of the voice Malachi sifting therefore you're now to sift straw with a sieve and you cannot put the sieve that has a straw in a high place so that the uh chaff will fall down because that's like Moroccan okay so now we come to a a subject we discussed briefly in the previous weeks and we need to establish the fundamental Macho like us between the egg lay Tau and the Chevys regarding how do you categorize the lamentess okay so this is a very uh basic share this will this is a share that has ramifications to really Allama testimony and in determining what is the distinguishing characteristic of a malacha so that we know that if other activities have that distinguishing characteristic it would fall under um foreign says that zoira merakid are all the same thing so why are they listed separately the Camaro says whatever is in the mishkan is listed now we learned that there are two ways to understand how to categorize malacha and it's based on Astera on rashi's masakta Chavis Rashi Ayan gimmel with Rashi and ironhayamid base Rashi Ayan gimmel says as follows what is winnowing says Rashi Baraka with the Pitchfork in the Wind okay so zoira you use a pitchfork boy rare soyless the other you take out the refuse with in your hand so borer use your hand according to rashirashi seems to identify that the cat the way to categorize malachas is determined by the tool which is used to perform the malacha zoira you use a pitchfork boy rather use your hands and Meraki to use the sieve so therefore now we know according to Rashi anytime you use a sieve it doesn't matter what you're using the Sivan it would be Moroccan anytime you use your hand it doesn't matter what Beyond it would be boy or anytime you use a pitchfork even whatever it may be for it would be zoira however foreign says why is it that beating the thread the weft thread is part of oyreg and yet zoira Boyer and maraket are considered separate Malachi says are different because you you utilize these activities on different material how's that zoir are on the stocks boy rare are on Pebbles and Meraki it is on flour so Rashi seems to be saying and under amayser Rashi says a completely different story over here rash she says the way you categorize malacha is not what tool you use but on what type of material you're doing the activity says the way you categorize malacha is based on the instrument in Russian hey says the way you categorize malacha is on what type of material you're doing the malacha so we have a major Michael I guess between the safer shavisas hashabas and the Ugly town the ugly tal of course uh I was familiar with house written by rabba from Bornstein the Reba of sakhachav the author of shao sachiva's however I must humbly admit that I didn't I was not familiar I don't with the safer sashabas and I did a little research and uh very interested uh We've quoted him before but I can say that I was familiar with the author is a very notable individual he was born in 1854 he lived until 1916 he was a Lithuanian rev one of the youngest students of robustrial solanter and a proponent of the Muslim movement now his he was also a Murat static in kelm and he was a ram in radhan by in the Shivan radhan now he ultimately moved to Arts Israel and he lived in the Strauss khatsar next time I go to Etc I have on my list I want to go to the Strauss khatzar that's where Robert lived that's where all the ballet monster lived in you Strauss the famous picture of rabbitso petterberg going up the steps he's going up the uh stair the stairwell in hutzer Strasse anyway he wrote a famous safer that I'm very well uh familiar with acquainted with and that uh as many by the way if I may we have a share every Friday at uh 11 o'clock on Fila 10 30 in gamara and recently we've been quoting from the siah is the commentary in the siddhar hagra written by rabies has a commentary on the siddler in the siddhar hagra he also wrote by the way his father was um the magnet of slutsk his father put together the evangelaima of the vilnigon so he uh he was well known for the siachitz I was not familiar that he wrote the SRI sashabas but again back to the stera and basically we're going to see there are two ways of approaching the theater again Rashi and Ayan gimmel says the way you define malachas by the instrument that sees Russian hey says the way you define malacha is by the material that you act upon comes the shrisha sashabas and he says Rashi is the main way to categorize malacha malachas categorized by what kind of tool you use you use a fidget Pitchfork that zoira use your hand that's a boy rare you use a sieve that's maracade I why does Rashi and dafai and hey talk about different materials Rashi is answering a different question Rashi is just explaining why the mishna at least lists them separately why are they listed separately why is each one a separate shame each one is a separate category because they're they're done on different material but if you want to know not why it's a separate category now after the fact that it's a separate category how do you categorize other activities other activities are categorized by the tool that is used that is that at the end of the day the way we categorize any other activity is based on the tool that is used however the egg lay Tau disagrees and he understands that the main characteristic of defining malachas determined by what type of material you're acting upon why does Rashi emphasize the different types of tools right she's just telling you the typical way the malacha is done but in no way does the tool that is used in no way would it Define the malacha so now we're gonna we're gonna I'm gonna going to uh share a gamara with you and I want you to tell me does this camera sound like the ugly towel or does this Camara sound like the gemara is he had different kinds of food in front of you you could select and eat select and put away but don't select and if you did yes Sigma says you just contradicted yourself you said the gamara says you could select and eat select and put away but don't select in it so gamara brings the opinion of Rubio isif you're allowed to select and eat with your hand you could select and eat with a funnel excuse me you could select and eat with your hand because if you're going to use a funnel or a large plate don't select but if you do it's only in a certain button but if you use a sieve don't select and if you were dead so the gemara basically says three categories your lattice select with your hand you're not allowed to select the in a funnel if you did it's only just to draw a bun on and then the third madriga is don't select with uh sieve if you did it's by rare so bishlama according to eglatal where it's irrelevant what kind of tool you use all it depends on is the material so this is talking about you're selecting uh impurity you're selecting out a pebble so it doesn't matter that you use a sieve it's selecting it's byra because but according to the eggletal the tool that is used is irrelevant but according to the Shabbos where the way you categorize malacha is if it's a pitchfork it's Zora if it's your hand it's boira if it's a sieve it's maracade then why does the gemara say if you use a sieve is if you use the sieve it's body rare it's not boiler if you use a sieve it's Moroccan if you use the sieve according to the sashamas deals with this question says Melton uh that's what the gemara means the gemara means you're allowed to select with your hand and if you select with the sieve your high avocados but not for selecting but for moroccade doesn't really fit into the gamara that well but that's how he defends himself okay now we move to another gamara this gamara is found on that base going on the mission of says I'm kuffalam and Zion and base don't suspend a machame a strainer on YouTube because and don't strain on Shabbos you're not a strained wine on Shabbos so the gemara says if someone is about to put history about his strain on Shabbos let's say he wants to strain out impurities from wine what do we warn him pal don't do this otherwise you're going to violate X what is the X what do we uh warning him that he might come to violate so the gemara records gets between rabba and RAB Zara rabba says we tell the guy it's boy rare RAB zero says we tell the guy it's maracade rabba says I'm right I am more logical I am more reasonable why because what is you're taking out the food and you're leaving the refuse here also you're taking the feud of food you're taking the wine and you're leaving the soilas the wine drips through you're gonna take out the wine and you leave with the refuse so just like a boy rare you take the food and you leave the refuse this is what you're doing over here and therefore rabba says it is more logical that what you're doing over here is zero says no I am more logical what are you doing when you do maraki to moroccade the refuse is on top and the food is on the bottom here also the refuses on top and the food is on the bottom the simple way of reading this gemara is each opinion is mutually exclusive rabba holds it's boy rare and not maracade Rob zero holds its maracade and not boilera rabbit holds his brother and not maracade because you're taking the food out and you're leaving the refuse revzera says it is miracade and not boilera because the refuse stays on top here by Moroccan and that's what you're doing over here comes Rashi you ever hear of Rashi Rashi the Great uh commentator on the gamara Rashi says she says a novel ruling that rabba agrees that you could warn the guy for sifting Robbo agrees that you're sifting over here because at the end of the day the refuse is on the top rabba just holds its also by rare why because boy where are the foods on the top and the refuses on the bottom and here are the refuses on the top so since the refuse is on the top it's only sifting rabbit holds no it's also by Rare I agree it's sifting but it's also butter and Rob zero says no it's only sifting and rabbit doesn't say it's only by rabbit holds it's also Byram what about the rambam the very interesting rambam we read this rambam in the beginning of this year the ram mom said in the beginning of this year in says the rambam one who selects shimarim refuse sediment from a liquid it's either a boy rare or a maracade says the basio safe the Rama magries tarashi that rabba is of the opinion that when you take sediment out of wine it's both Boyer and maracade it's moroccade because the refuse stays on top and it's boy rare because you take away the food and the rambam is past getting like rubber and that's why the ram mum says either it's boy rare or it's Meraki meaning it's both however disagrees says disagrees with Rashi and the rambam holds that rabba holds it's only boy rare and Rob zero holds its only merakade and the rambam is masupa he's in question he's not confident that it's Meraki now Rashi learned rabba held it was also maracade it was Boyer and Meraki now why does hold that rabba holds it's not maraki why would this not be Moroccan says a very important and fundamental Rule and then we're going to come to uh understanding the essence of the malacha and some of the maisa today is sheer there's a lot of sort of lambdos as the introduction and that is the reason why rabo would say it's considered moroccade um excuse me it's boy rare selecting and it's not marocade is because normally when you sift you're doing an action on the refuse and the food together you shake the sieve and by doing so one specie gets mixed from his friend but over here what you're doing is you're pouring the wine through the sieve so nothing's happening to the wine the only thing that you're acting upon are the shmarim and therefore this is not considered moroccade merakate is only when you act on both but in this case you're only acting upon the Silas and the faraba would hold according to the rambam according to the beer halacha that it is only by rare and it is not maracade now we're going to come to discuss a few very relevantas what exactly is the essence of sifting um it used to be back in the day when people uh didn't know any better they ate sugar now they know sugar is probably the most harmful thing you could put into your body it's practically worse than any known substance to men other than cyanide so if you have a choice between sugar and cyanide you should go with the sugar but if it's sugar and anything else but back in the day they didn't realize this and they they have something called confectionary sugar or icing sugar and to facilitate sprinkling you to facilitate sprinkling you want to use like a sieve instead of what you can do pick up some and then throw it on the cake while you're at it why don't you throw it on your kids throw it on uh your family your cousins people you don't like at the table no just joking don't invite people you don't like to tables but and but um are you allowed to use a sieve to sprinkle confectionary sugar on on food you're basically sifting the thing is you're not sifting anything it's all falling through the cracks so you're not really selecting anything you're just using the sieve to facilitate sprinkling so the question is is sifting is selecting an essential part of sifting or is selecting irrelevant the Naf Camino would be um double filtering uh your wine or your water let's say like let's say you have water that's perfectly drinkable in New York um the governor the the we have special treats in our water we have millions of copepods which are add a lot of flavor and taste just imagine in every couple of New York City water there are microorganisms that potentially could be carrying uh who knows what but uh for the most part other than a problem of toilet which is questionable but um there are copepods in the water now let's say you hold halachically is permissible I'm not saying it is many posts can say it's an issue someplace can say it's not an issue let's say you hold it's not an issue fine and you happen to like the way they taste but uh you want to filter the water so you're filtering and you're sifting but it's not really an important job well what if you're not filtering or sifting at all you're just sprinkling can you use a sieve to sprinkle on Shabbos so we mentioned the gemara the gemara says excuse me are all the same thing so they're all mafresh they're all taking the food out of the refuse that seems to indicate that taking out the refuse is an essential part of maracade but if you look in the gemara and bayonets the gamar says you cannot resift flour on YouTube rough papayas and the neighbor and rabihuda membersera say you are allowed to received flower everybody agrees that if a Rock or a pebble fell in you're allowed to sifted on YouTube says Rashi that you're now at a sift flower you it was sifted yesterday and you want to sift it again to make it nicer yeah you could have done it yesterday but the papaya is going to be who to say you're a ladder received flower because it's not a terka and everybody knows it's the second time and this is not considered sifting for selecting that's the key the key is if you want to re-sift flour like my glass before why you receive things something that you sifted before and the answer is it's only to make it nicer finer but it's perfectly usable if you don't do so sarashi enunciates the principle that this is not similar to sifting because you're not taking out any refuse and by the way the mug in avram also says our flower that's already been sifted and there's no brand there's no nothing coarse you could possibly sift it on Shabbos you hear this you have a guy and he's uh he's sifting he has flour and his sieve and we say rabbit you know uh if we had our court system and we would warn you not to do this we would have to throw you off the two-story building and then throw stones at you says don't you know and I bought this flower in the store it's Kama flour it's already sifted it's pre-sifted I'm not doing anything don't you know the mug and Abram s in the confectionary sugar which are larger than what the seed would allow and for you even though for others it might be who they don't care but for you you don't want that on the cake or whatever it is you're sifting it so is it up soulless oh okay we're gonna come to that argument usually confectionary sugar it's not really clumped up it's it's separate for the most part about one second where I'm gonna come to that I will come to that but you know like when the gardener comes and he plants seeds so he could easily take a handful of seeds and toss it but he's not going to get like an even sprinkling so he has this machine that he churns that it sort of gives an even sprinkling of the seeds so he could evenly seed the field I I would think that's what a sieve does to the confectionary sugar but rub Joe we're gonna bring up your argument when it comes to basically a salt shaker where often you have clumps of salt so now if the salt is all fine everyone would agree you could sprinkle your salt from a salt shaker because you're only you're not using the salt shaker to select you're just doing it to get an even sprinkle but what if you have you know there might have been some moisture in the salt so now is you have clumps of salt is that considered refuse and food or is that all food and that's a matter of great debate the kayodam says if there is no soilas at all for example you have flour of matzah that's ground up and you have some clumps and you want you want the clumps to separate exactly what you said job but the case here is uh you have a matzo flour and you want the clumpy pieces to separate even though if you would break it apart it would there would be no grinding here because there's no Trina in something there's no grinding something that's already ground but you're now at a sifted on Shabbos so the hyattam seems to say that if you have clumps of flour and you want to use some kind of sieve um you cannot sift it so the Adam seems to classify a clump of flour as soyless with eichel the safer imray Shabbos says you see an interesting halacha that even though Meraki eraisa is selecting taking the soilus from the but at least on the drabanan level if you're not separating the oil but if you're using a sieve for anything it is awesome now I would still argue that if you're using the sieve to to sprinkle confectionary sugar you're just using the the sieve as a sprinkler that in no way is sifting but if you have clumps even though you're not taking out what is called soilus but there is a degree of separation taking place and I would think that would be different so it comes out like this that clumps of okay it comes out like this to sprinkle sugar through a sieve is permitted he says you're allowed to live Zike you know what the word lives like means to sprinkle uh confectionary sugar icing sugar on cake on Shabbos even if you use a sieve to enable the sprinkling because there are no selecting is taking place at all however what if you have a soul shaker you know the kind of Soul Shaker that the kids they rub their hands all over and then they get near the sink the kind of Soul Shaker that has clumps of salt in it so now by shaking the salt you're you're selecting between the fine granules and the clumps so it is the opinion of the Smith that that is also mother that is also mutter now that would seem to be not like the kayodam because hayodam says if you have clumps of flour and you want to get out the fine grains and you want the clumps so to speak to break apart that is an issue of moroccade is lenient regarding that Rabbi ribiat in his book says no you cannot use a salt shaker on Shabbos that has clumps of salt in it so regarding the clump case it seems that if shama Zaman was lenient in his book is stringent it seems like the khayodam is stringent but you do have what to rely on even if your soul Shaker is not uh perfectly uh granuled you would be allowed to use it at least according to have shama Salman however however this is the most uh difficult case namely if you have pieces of rice in your soul shaker and to absorb the moisture and shaking the soul Shaker now you're really selecting between the granules and the rice the rice is not something you want you don't want rice in your soup especially not rice that's six months old or you don't want whatever in your children most people don't want rice and they're challenged and therefore that would be more of an issue by the way the Smith brings that there may be an argument that any clear that is used to sift for immediate eating use would be permitted however you know so a soul Shaker is used to you shake it in and then you eat immediate leaves however the the conclusion of is that if there's rice in it you should not use the soul Shaker on childish if they're just clumps in it you are allowed to use it but again not everybody agrees to that this is based on the principle that moroccade is not just using a sieve but Moroccan is using a sieve with an element of selecting okay but as we mentioned if your sink has an aerator where in 99 of the cases the aerator is not doing anything um but there is a question Rabbi Psy [Music] I'm still with you don't hang up on me um if most cases that um sometimes uh City Water gets Disturbed and their excessive sediment and some of the metals get a seep into the water and then you do want the aerator to get out some of the coloring or sometimes so it will come out like this if you want to put a sheet over your sink why it's just better but I would drink it without it you could do that however if you want to get out some kind of discoloration that's already an issue okay friends it's been real thanks everyone for joining and um there's a sham next week and thank you everybody how are you you've just experienced another Torah class brought to you byctoranytime.com